Misplaced Pages

Latest revision as of 16:11, 26 December 2024

Iron Maiden
Top: Steve Harris (L), Dave Murray (R) Middle: Adrian Smith (L), Bruce Dickinson (R) Bottom: Nicko McBrain (L), Janick Gers (R)
Background information
Origin	London, England
Genres	Heavy metal
Discography	Iron Maiden discography
Years active	1975–present
Labels	EMI Parlophone BMG UMe Sanctuary Legacy Columbia Portrait CMC Epic Capitol Harvest
Members	Steve Harris Dave Murray Adrian Smith Bruce Dickinson Nicko McBrain Janick Gers
Past members	Dennis Wilcock Bob Sawyer Blaze Bayley Tony Moore Barry "Thunderstick" Purkis Terry Wapram Doug Sampson Paul Todd Paul Cairns Tony Parsons Paul Di'Anno Clive Burr Dennis Stratton
Website	ironmaiden.com

Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris. Although fluid in the early years of the band, the line-up for most of the band's history has consisted of Harris, lead vocalist Bruce Dickinson, drummer Nicko McBrain, and guitarists Dave Murray, Adrian Smith and Janick Gers. As pioneers of the new wave of British heavy metal movement, Iron Maiden released a series of UK and US Platinum and Gold albums, including 1980's debut album, 1981's Killers, and 1982's The Number of the Beast – its first album with Dickinson, who in 1981 replaced Paul Di'Anno as lead singer. The addition of Dickinson was a turning point in their career, establishing them as one of heavy metal's most important bands. The Number of the Beast is among the most popular heavy metal albums of all time, having sold almost 20 million copies worldwide.

After some turbulence in the 1990s, the return of lead vocalist Bruce Dickinson and guitarist Adrian Smith in 1999 saw the band undergo a resurgence in popularity, with a series of new albums and highly successful tours. Their three most recent albums — The Final Frontier (2010), The Book of Souls (2015), and Senjutsu (2021) — have all reached number 1 in more than 25 countries. Iron Maiden have sold over 130 million copies of their albums worldwide and have obtained over 600 certifications. The band is considered to be one of the most influential and revered heavy metal bands of all time. They have received multiple industry awards, including the Grammy and Brit Awards.

The band have released 41 albums, including 17 studio albums, 13 live albums, four EPs and seven compilations. They have also released 47 singles and 20 video albums, and two video games. Iron Maiden's lyrics cover such topics as history, literature, war, mythology, dark fantasy, science fiction, society and religion. As of October 2019, the band have played 2,500 live shows. For over 40 years the band have featured their signature mascot, "Eddie", on the covers of almost all of their releases.

History

Early years (1975–1978)

Iron Maiden were formed on Christmas Day, 25 December 1975, by bassist Steve Harris shortly after he left his previous group, Smiler. Harris attributed the band's name to a film adaptation of The Man in the Iron Mask from the novel by Alexandre Dumas, as the title reminded him of the iron maiden torture device. They originally used the name Ash Mountain, but most of the band members preferred the name Iron Maiden. After months of rehearsal, Iron Maiden made their debut at St. Nicks Hall in Poplar on 1 May 1976, before taking up a semi-residency at the Cart and Horses Pub in Maryland, Stratford. The original line-up was short-lived, with vocalist Paul Day being the first to go as, according to Harris, he lacked "energy or charisma on stage". He was replaced by Dennis Wilcock, a Kiss fan who used makeup and fake blood during live performances and had earlier played with Harris and Doug Sampson in the band Smiler. Wilcock's friend, guitarist Dave Murray, was invited to join, much to the dismay of the band's guitarists Dave Sullivan and Terry Rance. Their frustration led Harris to temporarily disband Iron Maiden in 1976, though the group reformed soon after with Murray as the sole guitarist. Harris and Murray remain the band's longest-serving members and have performed on all of their releases.

Iron Maiden recruited another guitarist in 1977, Bob Sawyer, who was sacked for embarrassing the band on stage by pretending to play guitar with his teeth. Tension ensued again, causing a rift between Murray and Wilcock, who convinced Harris to fire Murray, as well as original drummer Ron Matthews. A new line-up was put together, including future Cutting Crew member Tony Moore on keyboards, Terry Wapram on guitar and drummer Barry Purkis (better known today as Thunderstick). After a single gig with the band in January 1978, Moore was asked to leave as Harris decided keyboards did not suit the band's sound. Dave Murray rejoined in late March 1978, and when Terry Wapram disapproved he was sacked. A few weeks later, Dennis Wilcock decided to leave Iron Maiden to form his own band, V1, with Wapram, and drummer Barry Purkis also left. Former Smiler drummer Doug Sampson was at Dennis' and Thunderstick's last gig, and joined the band afterwards.

Harris, Murray and Sampson spent the summer and autumn of 1978 rehearsing while they searched for a singer to complete the band's new line-up. A chance meeting at the Red Lion, a pub in Leytonstone, in November 1978 evolved into a successful audition for vocalist Paul Di'Anno. Steve Harris said, "There's sort of a quality in Paul's voice, a raspiness in his voice, or whatever you want to call it, that just gave it this great edge". At this time, Murray would typically act as their sole guitarist, with Harris commenting, "Davey was so good he could do a lot of it on his own. The plan was always to get a second guitarist in, but finding one that could match Davey was really difficult".

Record contract and early releases (1978–1981)

On New Year's Eve, 1978, Iron Maiden recorded a four-song demo at Spaceward Studios in Cambridge. Hoping the recording would help them secure more gigs, the band gave a copy to Neal Kay, who, at the time, was managing a heavy metal club called "Bandwagon Heavy Metal Soundhouse". After hearing the tape, Kay began playing the demo regularly at the Bandwagon, and one of the songs, "Prowler", eventually went to number 1 in the Soundhouse charts, which were published weekly in Sounds magazine. A copy was also acquired by Rod Smallwood, who soon became the band's manager. As Iron Maiden's popularity increased, they released the demo on their own record label as The Soundhouse Tapes, named after the club. Featuring only three tracks (one song, "Strange World", was excluded as the band were unsatisfied with its production), all 5,000 copies sold out within weeks.

In December 1979, the band secured a major record deal with EMI and asked Dave Murray's childhood friend, Adrian Smith of Urchin, to join the group as their second guitarist. Busy with his own band, Smith declined and Dennis Stratton was hired instead. Shortly after, Doug Sampson left due to health issues and was replaced by ex-Samson drummer Clive Burr at Stratton's suggestion on 26 December 1979. Iron Maiden's first appearance on an EMI album was on the Metal for Muthas compilation (released on 15 February 1980) with two early versions of "Sanctuary" and "Wrathchild". The release led to a tour including several other bands linked with the new wave of British heavy metal movement.

Iron Maiden released their self-titled album in 1980, which debuted at number 4 in the UK Albums Chart. In addition to the title track, the album included other early favourites such as "Running Free", "Transylvania", "Phantom of the Opera" and "Sanctuary" – which was not on the original UK release, but appeared on the US version and subsequent remasters. The band embarked on a headline tour of the UK, before opening for Kiss on their 1980 Unmasked Tour's European leg as well as supporting Judas Priest on select dates. After the Kiss tour, Dennis Stratton was dismissed from the band as a result of creative and personal differences, and was replaced by Smith in October 1980. In December, the band played at the Rainbow Theatre in London, where their first live video was filmed. Live at the Rainbow was released in May 1981, and "Iron Maiden" and "Wrathchild" from this video received heavy rotation on MTV during its first hours on the air as the first metal videos ever.

In 1981, Iron Maiden released their second studio album, Killers. Although many tracks were written prior to their debut release, it had two new songs: "Prodigal Son" and "Murders in the Rue Morgue" (the latter's title was taken from the short story by Edgar Allan Poe). Unsatisfied with the production on their debut album, the band hired veteran producer Martin Birch, who would continue to work with Iron Maiden until his retirement in 1992. The record was followed by the band's first world tour with their debut performance in the United States opening for Judas Priest at The Aladdin Casino in Las Vegas. Killers marked the band's USA album charts debut, reaching number 78 on the Billboard 200, and they booked 132 shows to promote the album, including their first concert in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. During the summer, Iron Maiden played several festivals in Europe, including at the Golden Summernights 1981 festivals at Zeppelinfeld in Nuremberg in front of 100,000 people.

Success (1981–1985)

By 1981, Paul Di'Anno was demonstrating increasingly erratic behaviour, particularly due to his drug usage, about which Di'Anno comments, "It wasn't just that I was snorting a bit of coke, though; I was just going for it non-stop, 24 hours a day, every day ... the band had commitments piling up that went on for months, years, and I just couldn't see my way to the end of it. I knew I'd never last the whole tour. It was too much". Di'Anno was dismissed following the Killer World Tour with the band already having selected his replacement. After a meeting with Rod Smallwood at the Reading Festival, Bruce Dickinson, formerly of Samson, auditioned for Iron Maiden in September 1981 and was immediately hired. The following month, Dickinson went out on the road with the band on a small headlining tour in Italy and a one-off show at the Rainbow Theatre in the UK. For the last show, and in anticipation of their forthcoming album, the band played "Children of the Damned" and "22 Acacia Avenue", introducing fans to their new material.

In 1982, Iron Maiden released their third studio album, The Number of the Beast, which became the band's first number 1 record on the UK Albums Chart, was a Top 10 hit in many other countries, and reached number 33 on the Billboard 200. At the time, Dickinson was in the midst of legal difficulties with Samson's management and was not permitted to add his name to any of the songwriting credits, although he still made what he described as a "moral contribution" to "Children of the Damned", "The Prisoner", and "Run to the Hills". The band embarked on a world tour, dubbed The Beast on the Road, with shows in North America, Japan, Australia and Europe, including a headline appearance for 40,000 people at the Reading Festival. Iron Maiden played 188 shows in 10 months. The Beast on the Road's US leg proved controversial when an American conservative political lobbying group claimed Iron Maiden were Satanic because of the new album's title track and "demonic" cover art, and a group of Christian activists destroyed Iron Maiden records in protest. Dickinson later said the band treated this as "silliness" and the demonstrations in fact gave them "loads of publicity". The Number of the Beast sold 2.5 million copies in its first year, 14 million by 2010, and 20 million by 2022.

In December 1982, drummer Clive Burr was fired from the band and replaced by Nicko McBrain, who previously played for Trust. Although Harris said the dismissal took place because his live performances were affected by offstage activities, Burr later claimed he was unfairly ousted from the band. The band then recorded the first of three consecutive albums at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas. In 1983, they released their fourth studio album, Piece of Mind, which reached the number 3 spot in the UK and number 14 on the Billboard 200. Piece of Mind features the singles "The Trooper" and "Flight of Icarus", the latter being one of the band's few songs to gain substantial airplay in the US. Iron Maiden played 147 concerts in Europe and North America as a part of the World Piece Tour. This was also their first major North American tour as headliners, selling out Madison Square Garden with a crowd of 20,000.

After the success of Piece of Mind and its supporting tour, the band released their fifth studio album, Powerslave, on 9 September 1984. The album features the singles "2 Minutes to Midnight" and "Aces High", the title track, and "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" (based on Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem Rime of the Ancient Mariner). Powerslave was another chart success, reaching number 12 on the Billboard 200 and eventually number 1 in the UK. The band's fifth studio album sold over 4 million copies in its first year after the premiere. The tour following the album, called World Slavery Tour, was the band's largest to date with 193 shows in 28 countries over 13 months, playing to an estimated 3,500,000 people. Many shows were played back to back in the same city, such as in Long Beach, California, where the band played four consecutive concerts at Long Beach Arena for a combined audience of 54,000 fans. Iron Maiden also made their debut appearance in South America, where they co-headlined the Rock in Rio festival with Queen for an audience estimated at 350,000–500,000 people. The tour started in August 1984 with five shows in Poland. Iron Maiden were the first Western artists to bring full-scale production behind the Iron Curtain. The band's third official video, entitled Behind the Iron Curtain, was released in October 1984. The World Slavery Tour documentary brought footage of the band touring Eastern Europe in 1984, performing shows in the countries visited, Behind the Iron Curtain was the first documentary ever published by a Western artist that showed them touring the countries of Eastern Bloc. The documentary movie was broadcast by MTV and local TV stations around the world.

The tour was physically gruelling for the band, who demanded six months off when it ended (although this was later reduced to four months). This was the first substantial touring break in the group's history, including the cancellation of a proposed supporting tour for the new live album, with Bruce Dickinson threatening to quit unless the tour ended. In October 1985, Iron Maiden released the double live album and home video, Live After Death. A critical and commercial success, it peaked at number 19 on the Billboard 200 and number 2 in the UK. The album was recorded at Long Beach Arena and also features additional tracks from four nights at London's Hammersmith Apollo. In November 1985, Iron Maiden were named the best rock and metal band in the world and awarded at Public Choice International.

Experimentation (1986–1989)

Returning from their time off, the band added different musical elements to their 1986 studio album, Somewhere in Time. These focused on synthesised bass and guitars to add textures and layers to the sound. The release performed well across the world, particularly the single "Wasted Years", but included no writing credits from Dickinson, whose material was rejected by the rest of the band. The album was the band's biggest American chart success to date, reaching number 11 on the Billboard 200 and number 2 in the UK charts. The Somewhere on Tour was also a success. The band played 157 shows for over two and a half million fans, including eighty-one shows in North America. Once again, Iron Maiden visited Poland, Hungary and Yugoslavia to play for tens of thousands of fans in each country. The experimentation evident on Somewhere in Time continued on their next album, Seventh Son of a Seventh Son, which was released in 1988. A concept album recorded at Musicland Studios in Munich and based on the 1987 novel Seventh Son by Orson Scott Card, it was the band's first record to include keyboards, which were performed by Harris and Smith. Dickinson's enthusiasm was also renewed as his ideas were accepted for this album. Another popular release, it became Iron Maiden's second album to hit number 1 in the UK charts and reached number 12 on the Billboard 200.

During the following tour, the band headlined the Monsters of Rock festival at Donington Park on 20 August 1988, playing to the largest crowd in the festival's history (107,000). The tour concluded with several headline shows in the UK in November and December 1988, with the concerts at the NEC Arena, Birmingham, recorded for a live video, entitled Maiden England. The video debuted at top spots of worldwide music videos charts. In May, the group set out on a supporting tour, which saw them perform 103 shows to well over two million people worldwide over seven months. To recreate the album's keyboards onstage throughout the tour, the group recruited Michael Kenney, Steve Harris' bass technician; Kenney has served as the band's live keyboard player ever since, also performing on the band's four following albums.

Upheaval (1989–1994)

During a break in 1989, guitarist Adrian Smith released a solo album with his band ASAP, entitled Silver and Gold. Vocalist Bruce Dickinson also began work on a solo album with former Gillan guitarist Janick Gers, releasing Tattooed Millionaire in 1990, followed by a tour. At the same time, to mark the band's 10-year recording anniversary, Iron Maiden released a compilation collection, The First Ten Years, a series of 10 CDs and double 12-inch singles. Between 24 February and 28 April 1990, the individual parts were released one by one, each containing two of Iron Maiden's singles, including the original B-sides.

Iron Maiden then began work on a new studio record. During the pre-production stages, Adrian Smith left the band due to differences with Steve Harris regarding the direction the band should be taking. Smith disagreed with the "stripped down" style they were leaning towards. Janick Gers, having worked on Dickinson's solo project, was chosen to replace Smith and became the band's first new member in seven years. The album No Prayer for the Dying was released in October 1990. It contained the hit singles "Holy Smoke" and "Bring Your Daughter... to the Slaughter", the band's first – and, to date, only – UK Singles Chart number 1, originally recorded by Dickinson's solo project for the soundtrack of A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child. Iron Maiden's eighth studio album debuted at number 2 on the UK albums chart and number 17 on the Billboard 200. No Prayer for the Dying was a return to their musical roots, especially in the simplicity of composition. The No Prayer on the Road tour was booked for 120 shows in Europe, North America, and Japan. Thirty-three shows in continental Europe were sold out with a reported 530,000 fans attending. In total, Iron Maiden played for some two million fans.

After another break, the band recorded their next studio album, Fear of the Dark, which was released in 1992. The title track became a regular part of the band's concert setlists. Achieving their third number 1 on the UK albums chart and number 12 on the Billboard 200, the release also included the number 2 single "Be Quick or Be Dead", the number 21 single "From Here to Eternity", and the softer "Wasting Love". The album featured the first songwriting by Gers, and no collaboration between Harris and Dickinson on songs. The extensive worldwide tour that followed included their first-ever Latin American leg, although Christian organisations prevented Iron Maiden from performing in Chile and accused them of being "emissaries of satanic propaganda", and headlining the Monsters of Rock festivals in seven European countries. Iron Maiden's second performance at Donington Park, for a sold-out audience of 75,000, was filmed for the audio and video release Live at Donington and featured a guest appearance by Adrian Smith, who joined the band to perform "Running Free". The tour also saw conflicts between Bruce Dickinson and rest of the band.

In 1993, Dickinson left the band to pursue his solo career, but agreed to remain for a farewell tour and two live albums (later re-released in one package). The first, A Real Live One, was released in March 1993 and featured songs from 1986 to 1992, and the second, A Real Dead One, was released after Dickinson left the band and featured songs from 1980 to 1984. The tour did not go well, with Steve Harris claiming Dickinson would only perform properly for high-profile shows, and that at several concerts, he would only mumble into the microphone. Dickinson denied he was under-performing, saying it was impossible to "make like Mr. Happy Face if the vibe wasn't right", and that news of his exit from the band had prevented any chance of a good atmosphere during the tour. Dickinson played his farewell show with Iron Maiden on 28 August 1993. The show was filmed, broadcast by the BBC, MTV and released on video under the name Raising Hell.

Difficulties (1994–1999)

In 1994, the title track from the Fear of the Dark album received a Grammy Awards nomination for "Best Metal Performance", a first for Iron Maiden. The band listened to the thousands of tapes sent in by vocalists before convincing Blaze Bayley, formerly of the band Wolfsbane, who had supported Iron Maiden in 1990, to audition for them. Harris' preferred choice from the outset, Bayley had a different vocal style from his predecessor and ultimately received a mixed reception among fans.

After a three-year hiatus – a record for the band at the time – Iron Maiden released their next studio album, The X Factor. The band had their lowest chart position since 1981 for an album in the UK – debuting at number 8, although it went on to win "Album of the Year" awards in France, Spain and Germany. The record included the 11-minute epic "Sign of the Cross", the band's longest song since "Rime of the Ancient Mariner", as well as the singles "Man on the Edge" (based on the film Falling Down) and "Lord of the Flies", based on the novel Lord of the Flies. The release is notable for its "dark" tone, inspired by Steve Harris' divorce. The band toured for the rest of 1995 and 1996, playing their first shows in Israel and South Africa as well as Malta, Bulgaria and Romania in Europe, before concluding in the Americas. The biggest show of the whole tour was a headline appearance for 60,000 people at the Monsters of Rock festival in São Paulo, Brazil.The X Factor sold 1.3 million copies, the lowest sales result since 1981. After the tour, Iron Maiden released a compilation album, Best of the Beast. The band's first compilation, it included a new single, "Virus", in which the lyrics attack critics who had recently written off the band.

In 1998, Iron Maiden released Virtual XI, whose chart scores were the band's lowest to date. The album peaked at number 16 in the UK, the band's lowest for a new studio record. At the same time, Steve Harris assisted in remastering the band's entire discography, up to and including Live at Donington. Bayley's tenure in Iron Maiden ended in January 1999 when he was asked to leave during a band meeting. The dismissal took place due to issues Bayley had experienced with his voice during the Virtual XI World Tour, although Janick Gers said this was partly the band's fault for forcing him to perform songs pitched outside the natural range of his voice.

Reunion and renewed success (1999–2005)

The band entered into talks with Dickinson, who agreed to rejoin during a meeting in Brighton in January 1999, along with guitarist Adrian Smith, who was telephoned a few hours later. With Gers remaining, Iron Maiden now had a three-guitar line-up (nicknamed "The Three Amigos"), and embarked on a hugely successful reunion tour. Dubbed The Ed Hunter Tour, it tied in with the band's newly released greatest hits collection, Ed Hunter, whose track listing was decided by a poll on the group's website, and also contained a computer game starring Eddie, the band's mascot.

Not satisfied with the results from Harris' Barnyard Studios, located on his property in Essex, which had been used for the last four Iron Maiden studio albums, the band recorded the new release, Brave New World, at Guillaume Tell Studios in Paris, France in November 1999 with producer Kevin Shirley. Iron Maiden continued to find inspiration in movies and books, as shown in songs like "The Wicker Man" – based on the 1973 British cult film The Wicker Man – and "Brave New World" – a title taken from the Aldous Huxley novel Brave New World. The album revisited the more progressive and melodic sound featured in some earlier recordings, along with elaborate song structures and keyboard orchestration. The album was a commercial and artistic success.

The reunion world tour that followed had over 100 dates (including 31 shows of the 1999 tour), and culminated on 19 January 2001 in a show at the Rock in Rio festival in Brazil, where Iron Maiden played to an audience of over 250,000. While the performance was being produced for a CD and DVD release in March 2002, under the name Rock in Rio, the band took a year off from touring, although they played three consecutive shows at Brixton Academy to raise funds for former drummer Clive Burr, who had recently announced that he had been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The band performed two further concerts for Burr's MS Trust Fund charity in 2005, and 2007, before his death in 2013. During the 2000–2002 tour, Iron Maiden played 91 shows for over two million people in 33 countries. In addition to their touring success, the band was nominated twice for the annual Grammy Awards and received the International Achievement Award at the 2001 Ivor Novello Awards. In November 2001, a documentary movie about the making of The Number of the Beast album was produced by BBC as a part of the Classic Album series.

Following their summer 2003 Give Me Ed... 'Til I'm Dead Tour, with 57 shows in Europe and North America and headlining large festivals such as Roskilde, Heineken Jammin' Festival, Rock am Ring and Rock im Park (combined attendance of 130,000) and the first Download Festival held at Donington Park; a successor to Monsters of Rock, Iron Maiden released Dance of Death, their thirteenth studio album. It met with worldwide critical and commercial success, reaching number 2 on the UK Albums Chart and number 18 on the Billboard 200. Produced by Kevin Shirley, now the band's regular producer, many critics felt this release reached the standard of their earlier efforts. Historical and literary references were present, with "Montségur" focussing on the Cathar stronghold conquered in 1244, and "Paschendale" relating to the First World War battle.

During the Dance of Death Tour 2003–04, which began in September 2003, Iron Maiden played 53 shows across Europe, North America, Latin America and Japan. The band's performance at Westfalenhalle, in Dortmund, Germany, was recorded and released in August 2005 as a live album and DVD entitled Death on the Road. In 2005, the band announced the Eddie Rips Up the World Tour, which, tying in with their 2004 DVD entitled The History of Iron Maiden – Part 1: The Early Days, only featured material from their first four albums. As part of this celebration of their earlier years, "The Number of the Beast" single was re-released and went straight to number 3 on the UK Chart. The tour featured many headlining stadium and festival dates, including a performance at Ullevi Stadium in Sweden to an audience of almost 60,000. This concert was also broadcast live on satellite television across Europe to approximately 60 million viewers. The band completed the tour by headlining the Reading and Leeds Festivals on 26–28 August, and the RDS Stadium in Ireland on 31 August.

Continued success and expanded tours (2005–2014)

At the end of 2005, Iron Maiden began work on A Matter of Life and Death, their fourteenth studio album, which was released in autumn 2006. War and religion are recurring themes in the lyrics and the cover artwork. The release was a critical and commercial success, marking the band's first top ten on the Billboard 200 and debuting at number one in the album charts of 13 countries. The supporting tour saw mixed critical reception, but included the band's first performance in Dubai at the Dubai Desert Rock Festival for 25,000 people, followed by a concert in Bangalore Palace Grounds, the first of any heavy metal band in India. The band then played a string of European dates, including an appearance at Download Festival, their fourth headline performance at Donington Park, to approximately 80,000 people.

On 5 September 2007, the band announced their Somewhere Back in Time World Tour, tying in with the DVD release of their Live After Death album. The setlist for the tour consisted of songs from the 1980s. They played their first concerts in Costa Rica and Colombia and their first shows in Australia and Puerto Rico since 1992. The tour led to the release of a new compilation album, entitled Somewhere Back in Time, which included a selection of tracks from their 1980 eponymous debut to 1988's Seventh Son of a Seventh Son, as well as several live versions from Live After Death. In 2008–09 in Latin America the band played 27 concerts for about a million people in total, a record for a heavy rock performer. The tour continued with two legs in the US and Europe in the summer of 2008. The sole UK concert took place at Twickenham Stadium, marking the first time the band would headline a stadium in their own country. The 2008 tour was the second highest-grossing tour of the year for a British artist. The final leg included the band's first appearances in Peru and Ecuador, as well as their return to Venezuela and New Zealand after 17 years. The band also played another show in India at the Rock in India festival to a crowd of 20,000. At their concert in São Paulo on 15 March, Dickinson announced on stage that it was the largest non-festival show of their career, with an overall attendance of 100,000 people. The final leg ended in Florida on 2 April after which the band took a break. Overall, the tour reportedly had an attendance of over two and a half million people worldwide over both years. At the 2009 Brit Awards, Iron Maiden won the award for best British live act.

On 20 January 2009, the band announced they were planning to release a full-length documentary film in select cinemas on 21 April 2009. Entitled Iron Maiden: Flight 666, it documented the first part of the Somewhere Back in Time World Tour (between February and March 2008). Flight 666 was co-produced by Banger Productions and was distributed in cinemas by Arts Alliance Media and EMI, with D&E Entertainment sub-distributing in the US. The film went on to have a Blu-ray, DVD, and CD release in May and June, topping the music DVD charts in 25 countries. In most of them the release went Gold, Platinum or Multi-Platinum.

The band had begun composing new material and booked studio time in early 2010 with Kevin Shirley producing, and The Final Frontier was announced on 4 March and featured three singles "The Final Frontier", "El Dorado" and "Coming Home", as well as epic, progressive opuses "Isle of Avalon", "The Talisman" and "When The Wild Wind Blows". The album, the band's fifteenth, was released on 16 August to critical acclaim. It was also the band's greatest commercial success to that point, reaching number 1 in twenty-eight countries worldwide, including a debut at number 4 on Billboard 200.

The album's supporting tour saw the band perform 101 shows across the globe to an estimated audience of over two and a half million, including their first visits to Singapore, Indonesia, and South Korea. "El Dorado" won the Best Metal Performance award at the 2011 Grammy Awards, the band's first win after two previous nominations. On 15 March, a new compilation to accompany 2009's Somewhere Back in Time was announced. The double disc set covers the period 1990–2010 (the band's most recent eight studio albums). In 2012, the band announced a new live album and DVD release entitled En Vivo!, based on footage from the Chile concert. The DVD topped the music video charts around the world. In addition to the concert footage, the video release includes an 88-minute tour documentary, entitled Behind The Beast, containing interviews with the band and their crew. In December 2012, one song from the release ("Blood Brothers") was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance at the 2013 Grammy Awards.

On 15 February, the band announced their third retrospective Maiden England World Tour 2012–14, which was based around the video Maiden England. The tour commenced in North America in the summer of 2012 and was followed by further dates in 2013 and 2014, and included the band's fifth headline performance at Donington Park with 100,000 fans in attendance. Iron Maiden closed the tour in July 2014 at Sonisphere Festival, Knebworth, having undertaken 100 shows in 32 countries before an estimated audience of more than 2.7 million people.

Latest albums and tours (2015–present)

The band's 2015 album, The Book of Souls, was released on 4 September. The band's first original studio album not to be issued by EMI outside North America, following Parlophone's acquisition by Warner Music Group in 2013, it was a critical and commercial success, becoming the band's fifth UK number 1 album and hit number 4 on Billboard 200 in the US. The new release reached the number one position in the album charts of 43 countries. The new record was recorded at Guillaume Tell Studios in late summer 2014; its closing song, "Empire of the Clouds", penned by Dickinson, surpassed "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" (from 1984's Powerslave) as Iron Maiden's longest song, at 18 minutes in length.

In February 2016, the band embarked on The Book of Souls World Tour, with shows in 35 countries across six continents, including their first performances in China, El Salvador, and Lithuania. It was the band's biggest album tour since 1996. In total, Iron Maiden played 117 shows on six continents for well over two and a half million people. The band then launched the Legacy of the Beast World Tour in Europe in 2018, with North and South American shows following in 2019. The tour was inspired by the band's new mobile game and comic series released in 2017, entitled Legacy of the Beast. The tour was received very positively by fans and critics, spanning up to three years with 140 shows, performing to over 3.5 million fans.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the rescheduling of nearly one million tickets from 2020, first to 2021, and then to 2022. In October 2020, the band announced they would release a live album from the Legacy of the Beast World Tour called Nights of the Dead, Legacy of the Beast: Live in Mexico City. The double concert album was recorded during three sold-out concerts in Mexico City's Palacio de los Deportes for a combined audience of over 70,000 people.

On 15 July 2021, Iron Maiden released a video for their first song in six years, "The Writing on the Wall", which was directed by Nicos Livesey. Four days later, the band announced their seventeenth studio album, Senjutsu, would be released on 3 September 2021. Senjutsu eventually reached the top of the best-seller lists in 27 countries, but it was the band's first album in fifteen years not to reach number one on the UK charts, although it did top the UK Rock & Metal Singles and Albums Charts. In total, Senjutsu reached the top three in 55 countries and the top five in 63 countries.

On 1 February 2023, the band received their second nomination for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The band started their 25th global tour, The Future Past World Tour, with a concert in Ljubljana in May 2023. On 6 October, the band performed at the Power Trip festival which drew nearly 100,000 people. Throughout the 2023–24 world tour, Iron Maiden performed 81 shows for almost two million fans. Following the conclusion of the tour in São Paulo in December 2024, McBrain retired from touring, but would still remain a member of Iron Maiden and be involved with various upcoming band-related projects in the studio. The following day, it was announced that British Lion drummer Simon Dawson would be his touring replacement for any further tours.

On 19 September 2024, the band announced their 26th global tour, Run For Your Lives World Tour, which is set to start in May 2025, to celebrate the band's 50th anniversary and is set to be focused on the band's first nine studio albums.

Image and legacy

Iron Maiden have received numerous nominations, honours and awards including Grammy Awards and equivalents awards in many countries, Brit Awards, Ivor Novello Awards, and Juno Awards. They have ranked highly in many polls of the greatest metal artists of all time. In 2012 The Number of the Beast was voted as Best British Album Ever by the British public as part of Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee celebrations. Iron Maiden have an exhibit at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and Rock in Rio Wall of Fame.

Iron Maiden were inducted into Hollywood RockWalk, BPI Hall of Fame and Kerrang! Hall of Fame. Band's mascot Eddie the Head is a part of the British Music Experience permanent exhibition. In April 2021, the band's former members (Paul Di'Anno, Blaze Bayley, and illustrator Derek Riggs) were inducted into the Metal Hall of Fame. They have twice been nominated for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In January 2023 Iron Maiden were honoured by Royal Mail UK with dedicated postal stamps and cards.

Iron Maiden have sold over 130 million copies of their albums worldwide, despite little radio or television support. According to many sources all audio-visual catalogue of the band have sold in over 200 million copies worldwide, including regular albums, singles, compilations, and videos. Their third studio album, The Number of the Beast, is among the most popular heavy metal albums of all time and the most commercially successful release of the band, having sold almost 20 million copies worldwide. As of 2022 their releases have been certified silver, gold and platinum around 600 times worldwide.

In 1979–1980, visual artist Derek Riggs created the macabre mascot named Eddie The Head. Since then, Eddie has been an integral part of the stage and media image of the group. Originally a papier-mâché mask which would squirt fake blood during their live shows, the character featured on the band's debut album cover, also done by Derek Riggs. Eddie was painted exclusively by Riggs until 1992, at which point the band began using artwork from other artists, including Melvyn Grant.

A large puppet version of Eddie has appeared many times during carnival celebrations in Rio de Janeiro and other South American cities. During the Cavalcade of Magi 2021 in the Spanish city of Cadiz, next to dolls representing characters known from the world of pop culture, there was a huge, inflatable mummy inspired by the image of the Iron Maiden mascot from 1985.

Iron Maiden's distinct logo has adorned all of the band's releases since their debut, 1979's The Soundhouse Tapes EP. The typeface originates with Vic Fair's poster design for the 1976 science fiction film, The Man Who Fell to Earth, also used by Gordon Giltrap, although Steve Harris claims he designed it himself, using his training as an architectural draughtsman.

Influence on other artists and the genre

Iron Maiden have influenced numerous artists and bands representing different genres of rock and metal music. Kiss co-founder Paul Stanley said Iron Maiden "have helped spawn an entire genre of music" and influenced literally thousands of other artists. According to Guitar World, Iron Maiden's music has "influenced generations of newer metal acts, from legends like Metallica to current stars like Avenged Sevenfold." Metallica members Lars Ulrich, Kirk Hammett, and Jason Newsted have cited Iron Maiden as a major influence on their work. Other bands and artists directly influenced by Iron Maiden include Ghost, Avenged Sevenfold, In Flames, Anthrax, Exodus, and Alice in Chains.

Journalist Geoff Barton says the band's music constituted an important passage between the classic heavy rock school during the 1960s and 1970s, based on rhythm and blues, and contemporary heavy metal, characterised by sub-genre diversification and stylistic eclecticism. Music journalist Götz Kühnemund said "Iron Maiden were (and still are) the inspiration for all the heavy metal bands we know today because they're an intrinsically heavy metal group. They're equally important for those who play power metal, speed, thrash, death, black, nu metal, metal core and hard rock – almost every genre." The journalist stated the band introduced a DIY approach to all rock music. According to Rock 'n Roll Fantasy Camp the style and attitude of Iron Maiden drummer Nicko McBrain has inspired generations of heavy-metal drummers that followed. Music writer, heavy metal expert and radio broadcaster Scott Penfold stated band's "influence on the genre is immeasurable, as they not only inspired subsequent generations of metal bands but also revolutionized live shows with their elaborate stage productions, further cementing their status as pioneers of heavy metal."

Music journalist and the writer Neil Daniels said Iron Maiden "redefined the whole genre blending classic heavy rock influence with punky vibe, twin guitars attack and progressive approach which finally have created the new quality. Band's influence on generations of rock and metal bands cannot be overstated. They elevated metal to an art form, proving that academic and musical inspirations can coexist." The band's profile by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame says "in the 1980s, Iron Maiden released seven high-octane albums that cemented them as one of the greatest rock bands – creating a blueprint for how heavy metal bands should look, sound and tour." According to Metal Hammer Iron Maiden is the second band to Black Sabbath, which has had the most significant impact on metal and heavy rock music.

Appearance in media

The first heavy metal videos broadcast by MTV were the live versions of "Iron Maiden" and "Wrathchild" taken from the official VHS Live at the Rainbow (Iron Maiden). In 1989, Iron Maiden took part in the Rock Aid Armenia project (also known as Live Aid Armenia) - a humanitarian project by the British music industry. The project aimed to raise funds to help people affected by the earthquake in Armenia in 1988.

The number of releases in tribute to the British band can be estimated in the hundreds, with an extremely wide range of stylistic variants. In 2008, Kerrang! released Maiden Heaven: A Tribute to Iron Maiden, an album composed of Iron Maiden cover songs performed by Metallica, Machine Head, Dream Theater, Trivium, Coheed and Cambria, Avenged Sevenfold, and other groups influenced by the band. In 2010, Maiden uniteD, an acoustic tribute band consisting of members of Ayreon, Threshold and Within Temptation, released Mind the Acoustic Pieces, a re-interpretation of the entire Piece of Mind album. As of 2021 nearly 200 Iron Maiden cover audio-visual releases exist (each featuring various artists), including piano, electro, string quartet and hip-hop tributes.

In March 2025, Netflix will release Run to the Hills, a documentary celebrating Iron Maiden's 50th anniversary. Directed by David Morgan, it will explore the band's rise from their early days in London to global heavy metal icons. The exact release date is yet to be confirmed.

Claims of Satanic references

The 1982 release of The Number of the Beast created some controversy for the band. The artwork and title track led to Christian groups in the United States branding the band as Satanists, encouraging people to destroy copies of the release. The band's manager, Rod Smallwood, later said the groups initially burnt the records, but later decided to destroy them with hammers due to fear of breathing in the melting vinyl's fumes. The protests were not restricted to the US, with Christian organisations preventing Iron Maiden from performing in Chile in 1992.

The band have always denied the notion they are Satanists, with lead vocalist, Bruce Dickinson, doing so on-stage in the Live After Death concert video. Steve Harris has since commented that, "It was mad. They completely got the wrong end of the stick. They obviously hadn't read the lyrics. They just wanted to believe all that rubbish about us being Satanists." Harris has also said that "The Number of the Beast" song was inspired by a nightmare he had after watching Damien: Omen II, and also influenced by Robert Burns' "Tam o' Shanter". The band's drummer, Nicko McBrain, has been a born-again Christian since 1999.

Ed Force One

For their Somewhere Back in Time World Tour in 2008 and 2009, Iron Maiden commissioned an Astraeus Airlines Boeing 757 as transport. The aeroplane was converted into a combi configuration, which enabled it to carry the band, their crew and stage production, allowing the group to perform in countries which were previously deemed unreachable logistically. It was also repainted with a special Iron Maiden livery, which the airline decided to retain after receiving positive feedback from customers.

The aircraft, named "Ed Force One" after a competition on the band's website, was flown by Dickinson until 2022, as he was also a commercial airline pilot for Astraeus; the plane also appears in the documentary Iron Maiden: Flight 666. For The Book of Souls World Tour in 2016, the band upgraded to an ex-Air France Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet which allows for more space without the aircraft having to undergo a significant conversion to carry their equipment.

Musical style and influences

Steve Harris, Iron Maiden's bassist and primary songwriter, has said his influences include Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin, Uriah Heep, Pink Floyd, Genesis, Yes, Jethro Tull, Thin Lizzy, UFO, Queen, and Wishbone Ash. In 2010 Harris said, "I think if anyone wants to understand Maiden's early thing, in particular the harmony guitars, all they have to do is listen to Wishbone Ash's Argus album. Thin Lizzy too, but not as much. And then we wanted to have a bit of a prog thing thrown in as well, because I was really into bands like Genesis and Jethro Tull. So you combine all that with the heavy riffs and the speed, and you've got it." In 2004, Harris explained the band's "heaviness" was inspired by "Black Sabbath and Deep Purple with a bit of Zeppelin thrown in." Harris also developed his own playing style, which guitarist Janick Gers describes as "more like a rhythm guitar." Harris's bass technique is responsible for the band's galloping style, heard in such songs as "The Trooper" and "Run to the Hills".

The band's guitarists, Dave Murray, Adrian Smith, and Janick Gers, each have their own individual influences and playing styles. Dave Murray is known for his legato technique which, he says, "evolved naturally. I'd heard Jimi Hendrix using legato when I was growing up, and I liked that style of playing." Stating that he "was inspired by blues rock rather than metal," Adrian Smith was influenced by Johnny Winter and Pat Travers, leading to him becoming a "melodic player." Janick Gers prefers a more improvised style, largely inspired by Ritchie Blackmore, which he says is in contrast to Smith's "rhythmic" sound.

Singer Bruce Dickinson, who typically works in collaboration with guitarist Adrian Smith, has an operatic vocal style, inspired by Arthur Brown, Peter Hammill, Ian Anderson and Ian Gillan, and is often considered to be one of the best heavy metal vocalists of all time. Although Nicko McBrain has only received one writing credit, on the Dance of Death album, Harris often relies on him while developing songs. Adrian Smith commented, "Steve loves playing with him. used to work for hours going over these bass and drum patterns."

Throughout their career, the band's style has remained largely unchanged, although the addition of guitar synthesisers on 1986's Somewhere in Time, keyboards on 1988's Seventh Son of a Seventh Son, and an attempt to return to the "stripped down" production of their earlier material on 1990's No Prayer for the Dying marked some experimentation. In recent years, however, the band have begun using more progressive elements in their songs, which Steve Harris describes as not progressive "in the modern sense, but like Dream Theater, more in a 70s way". According to Harris, Seventh Son of a Seventh Son was the band's first album which was "more progressive", and they would return to this style in 1995's The X Factor, which he states is "like an extension of Seventh Son..., in the sense of the progressive element to it". The development contrasts with the band's raw-sounding earlier material, which AllMusic states was "clearly drawing from elements of punk rock", although Harris firmly denies this.

Band members

Current lineup

Discography

Concert tours

Awards and nominations

See also

• List of artists who reached number one on the UK Singles Chart
• List of new wave of British heavy metal bands
• List of music artists and bands from England
• List of songs recorded by Iron Maiden
• List of Iron Maiden tribute albums
• The Iron Maidens

Citations

1. Wall 2004, p. 29; Bushell & Halfin 1985, p. 9.
2. Barton 1979.
3. ^ EMI 2004.
4. Wall 2004, p. 29.
5. ^ Wall 2004, p. 32.
6. "Interview: Steve Harris on Iron Maiden's Foundation | Bacon's Archive". reverb.com. 27 February 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
7. ^ Wall 2004, p. 33.
8. Wall 2004, p. 44.
9. Wall 2004, p. 46.
10. Wall 2004, p. 48.
11. Wall 2004, p. 52.
12. Wall 2004, p. 54.
13. Wall 2004, p. 53.
14. Wall 2004, p. 64.
15. ^ Wall 2004, p. 66.
16. Wall 2004, p. 67.
17. ^ Wall 2004, pp. 104–105.
18. Wall 2004, p. 83.
19. Wall 2004, p. 103.
20. Wall 2004, p. 102.
21. Wall 2004, p. 108.
22. Wall 2004, pp. 163–164.
23. Wall 2004, p. 121.
24. Wall 2004, p. 123.
25. Wall 2004, p. 137.
26. Wall 2004, p. 139; Saulnier 2012.
27. Wall 2004, p. 143.
28. Hinchcliffe 1999.
29. First Albums 2021.
30. ^ DDotB 2021.
31. Roland 2013.
32. Wall 2004, p. 183.
33. Brannigan.
34. Wall 2004, p. 145.
35. Wall 2004, p. 181.
36. Wall 2004, p. 300.
37. ^ Billboard.
38. Tour1981 2021.
39. Wall 2004, p. 194.
40. ^ Wall 2004, p. 219.
41. ^ Wall 2004, p. 218.
42. Wall 2004, p. 217.
43. Dome 2014.
44. Wall 2004, p. 227.
45. ^ Wall 2004, p. 228.
46. Shooman 2007, p. 82.
47. ^ Young(1).
48. ^ Eagle Vision 2001.
49. 39Anos 2021.
50. Pfanner 2010.
51. NOTB40CS 2022.
52. TNOTB40 2022.
53. Wall 2004, p. 233.
54. Wall 2004, pp. 232–233.
55. Marlow 2011.
56. Wall 2004, p. 246.
57. Wall 2004, p. 247.
58. Wall 2004, p. 245.
59. WPT 2021.
60. ^ Wall 2004, p. 253.
61. Powerslave Charts 2024.
62. Wall 2004, pp. 253–255.
63. PS1 2024.
64. 40PS 2024.
65. LouderSound 2021.
66. Stenning 1 2006, p. 102.
67. Golden Era 2021.
68. RiRAt 2022.
69. ^ EMI 2008.
70. 1984T 2023.
71. Wall 2004, p. 258.
72. Stenning 2 2006, p. 104.
73. Wall 2004, p. 255.
74. ^ Wall 2004, p. 257.
75. LAD 2021, p. 193.
76. Live Coll 2021.
77. IPCH1985 2021.
78. Huey(3).
79. Wall 2004, p. 260.
80. SS35Y 2023.
81. SiTT 2023.
82. Musiclands 2021.
83. ^ Popoff & 2005(d).
84. ^ Wall 2004, p. 265.
85. Wall 2004, p. 263.
86. Wall 2004, p. 269.
87. Wall 2004, p. 272.
88. Wall, Mick (16 April 1988). "Plucky Seven". Kerrang! (183): 45.
89. Gennet 2010.
90. Wall 2004, p. 273.
91. Wall 2004, p. 281.
92. ^ Wall 2004, p. 285.
93. ^ Wall 2004, p. 283.
94. ^ Prato.
95. ^ Wall 2004, p. 282.
96. ^ 1990EU 2021.
97. Wall 2004, p. 287.
98. ^ Wall 2004, p. 289.
99. Wall 2004, pp. 288–290.
100. ^ Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles & 2011(2).
101. MOR1992 2021.
102. FotDCDROM 2021.
103. ^ Wall 2004, p. 291.
104. DarkEra 2021.
105. Wall 2004, p. 293.
106. Wall 2004, p. 296.
107. Wall 2004, p. 297.
108. Wall 2004, p. 298.
109. 1994G 2024.
110. Wall 2004, p. 301.
111. Wall 2004, p. 302.
112. Stagno & 2006(b).
113. Wall 2004, pp. 311–313.
114. Paterson 2009, p. 44.
115. Popoff & 2005(b).
116. ^ Wall 2004, p. 311.
117. Wall 2004, pp. 314–315.
118. Wall 2004, p. 316.
119. Stagno & 2006(a).
120. Sverigetopplistan.
121. Official Charts Company 1998.
122. Saulnier 2010.
123. Wall 2004, p. 324.
124. Wall 2004, p. 321.
125. Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles 2010.
126. Wall 2004, p. 329.
127. Wall 2004, p. 330.
128. Wall 2004, p. 331.
129. Adams.
130. Berelian 2000.
131. Wall 2004, p. 341.
132. ^ Wall 2004, p. 342.
133. Wall 2004, pp. 342–344.
134. Wall 2004, p. 353; Shooman 2007, p. 176; Sanctuary 2002; Martins 2002.
135. Wall 2004, p. 357.
136. Wall 2004, p. 361.
137. ^ Blabbermouth.net 2005c.
138. Blabbermouth.net 2007c.
139. BBC News 2013.
140. NewTour 2021.
141. Grammy2001 2021.
142. IvorNovello 2021.
143. ClassicA 2024.
144. GMET 2021.
145. Wall 2004, p. 368.
146. Wall 2004, p. 369.
147. Wall 2004, pp. 373–375.
148. 2003-04 2021.
149. Blabbermouth.net 2005a.
150. Blabbermouth.net 2005b.
151. Blabbermouth.net 2004d.
152. Official Charts Company 2005.
153. Metal Underground 2004.
154. Metal Underground 2005.
155. NME 2005; Williams 2005.
156. Blabbermouth.net 2006.
157. Billboard 2006.
158. Vincentelli 2006.
159. ^ Blabbermouth.net 2007a.
160. Vulliamy 2007.
161. Metal Underground 2007.
162. Blabbermouth.net 2007d.
163. ^ Lane 2007.
164. "Iron Maiden's 1992 Concert History".
165. Lane 2008.
166. SBiTTour 2021.
167. Sputnikmusic 2008.
168. Thrash Hits 2007.
169. Khan 2009.
170. Soto 2008.
171. Kaczuroski 2009.
172. ^ Iron Maiden Bio 2021.
173. ^ Bezer 2009d.
174. Bezer 2009b.
175. ^ Bezer 2009a.
176. Blabbermouth.net 2009d.
177. Masters 2009.
178. Bezer 2010a.
179. Blabbermouth.net 2010c.
180. MetaCritic1.
181. ^ Coleman 2011.
182. Blabbermouth.net 2011a.
183. Blabbermouth.net 2010g.
184. Rock on the Net.
185. ^ Blabbermouth.net 2011c.
186. ^ Bio20121314 2021.
187. Blabbermouth.net 2012.
188. UpVenue.
189. Alderslade 2012b.
190. Alderslade 2012a.
191. NATour2012 2021.
192. Kielty 2012.
193. Knebworth 2014 2021.
194. METour2013 2021.
195. ^ Grow 2015.
196. Morris 2013.
197. MetaCritic2; Sexton 2015.
198. "Official Bio". ironmaiden.com. 8 October 2015. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
199. Kielty 2015b.
200. Lach 2015b; Alfa.lt 2015.
201. Bio201617 2021.
202. Munro 2017b.
203. Kreps 2018.
204. LOTB Tour 2021.
205. LotBSumm 2024.
206. "European Legacy of the Beast Summer 2021 Tour Postponed to 2022". ironmaiden.com. 13 April 2021. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
207. NofD 2021.
208. "Iron Maiden return with first new music in six years, The Writing On The Wall". Kerrang!. 15 July 2021. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
209. Brown, Paul 'Browny' (19 July 2021). "Iron Maiden's 17th Album Has a Title & Release Date!". Wall Of Sound. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
210. "IRON MAIDEN – SENJUTSU". ironmaiden.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
211. ^ TourSumm 2022.
212. ^ Album27 2022.
213. ^ AlbumTour 2022.
214. Senjutsu Charts 2021.
215. Charts History 2021.
216. ^ RnRhof23 2023.
217. RnRhof232 2023.
218. Tour2023 2023.
219. PTSumm 2024.
220. TFPRecap2 2024.
221. Kreps, Daniel (7 December 2024). "Iron Maiden Drummer Nicko McBrain Announces Retirement from Touring". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
222. Lewry, Fraser (8 December 2024). "Watch Bruce Dickinson pay tribute to Nicko McBrain during his final ever show". Louder. Retrieved 10 December 2024. "He's not leaving the band, but he's just not playing live with us anymore".
223. "Iron Maiden Announces New Drummer: 'A Name Familiar To Many Of Our Fans'". Blabbermouth.net. 8 December 2024. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
224. Kaufman, Spencer (8 December 2024). "Iron Maiden announce Simon Dawson as their new touring drummer". Consequence. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
225. RfyL 2024.
226. "53rd Grammy Awards Winners". Grammys. 13 February 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
227. YLE.
228. Wejbro 2011.
229. "Iron Maiden named 'Best British Live Act' at Brit Awards". Blabbermouth.net. 18 February 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
230. Sanctuary Group 2002.
231. Juno Awards 2010.
232. VH1 2005.
233. MTV & 2006(a).
234. VH1 2006.
235. DJEQII 2021.
236. Heavy Metal Exhibition 2021.
237. RiRWoF 2022.
238. HRW05 2024.
239. BMEExh1 2024.
240. MHOFInd 2024.
241. RnRHOF 2021.
242. IMRM 2023.
243. ^ RoyalM 2023.
244. MBMB 2023.
245. Smith 2009.
246. 200MLN 2021.
247. MetCa 2021.
248. Sales Gen 2022.
249. JHF 2022.
250. TID 2022.
251. NOTBF 2024.
252. NOTBLo 2024.
253. NotBM 2023.
254. Dig20 2022.
255. 20mln 2022.
256. Cert600 2022.
257. ^ 80sDecade 2022.
258. Wall 2004, p. 62.
259. Wall 2004, p. 136.
260. RiREd 2022.
261. IIIK1 2022.
262. IIIK2 2022.
263. IIIK3 2022.
264. Meansheets 2010.
265. EMI 1998.
266. Kiss Stanley 2021.
267. IMINF 2022.
268. ^ Bienstock 2011.
269. ^ Kerrang! 2008.
270. Metallica's Achievements 2021.
271. KirkHammett 2022.
272. JNM 2023.
273. ForgeMaid 2022.
274. GHIM 2022.
275. "Avenged Sevenfold Vocalist Keeps His Politics Out Of Band's Music". Blabbermouth.net. 24 March 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
276. Metal Update 2010.
277. Young(2).
278. Lilker 2022.
279. Exodus on Maiden 2021.
280. AiCH 2022.
281. Barton 2015, p. 150.
282. PopoffNWOBHM 2019.
283. RNRFC 2021.
284. SPenfold 2024.
285. RnRHoF Note 2021.
286. MHIM 2024.
287. MTV 2021.
288. List25 2021.
289. RAAR 2023.
290. Tribute1 2021.
291. Tribute2 2021.
292. Maiden United.
293. AllMusic.
294. Aquarius Records.
295. Loftus.
296. AllMusic(2).
297. "Iron Maiden: Netflix to release a documentary on the band's history in March 2025". HeavyMetalBest.com. 10 October 2024. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
298. Eagle Vision 2001; Young(1).
299. Wall 2004, p. 224.
300. Godscare.
301. Bezer 2008; Metal Storm 2007.
302. ^ Metal Storm 2007.
303. Blabbermouth.net 2008.
304. Cashmere 2008.
305. EF1B 2022.
306. Juno Awards 2010; Bezer 2009c.
307. Sands 2016.
308. Lach 2015b.
309. MusicRadar 2010.
310. Blabbermouth.net 2004c; EMI 2004; Wall 2004, p. 27; Wall 2004, p. 154.
311. Blabbermouth.net 2004c.
312. Popoff & 2005(c).
313. Fender.
314. Huey(2).
315. Lawson.
316. McIver & 2010(a).
317. McIver & 2010(c).
318. Wall 2004, p. 277.
319. McIver & 2010(b).
320. Wall 2004, p. 244.
321. Dmme.net.
322. Rosen 2011; HearYa.com 2006; Blabbermouth.net 2009a; Blabbermouth.net 2009b.
323. Ling 2005b.
324. Wall 2004, p. 241.
325. Dome 2006a; Dome 2006b.
326. Dome 2006b.
327. Wall 2004, p. 264.
328. Huey(1).
329. VH1 2011.

References

• "Iron Maiden Announces 'Run For Your Lives' 2025 World Tour". Blabbermouth.net. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
• Zahn, James (6 October 2024). "Photos: IRON MAIDEN Kicks Off 'The Future Past' North American Tour". The Rock Father Magazine. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
• "Top 13 bands of Heavy Metal's defining era". loadedradio.com. 6 June 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
• "The Number of the Beast facts". loudwire.com. 5 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
• "Six bands which emerged from NWOBHM". americansongwriter.com. 5 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
• "Stranger in a Strange Land video recapitating an European tour". blabbermouth.net. 27 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
• "10 bands who wouldn't exist without Iron Maiden". loudersound.com. 25 May 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
• "Classic Albums:TNOTB". allmusic.com. 23 May 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
• "End of the Tour". ironmaiden.com. 29 October 2022. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
• "PowerTrip report". loudersound.com. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
• "Iron Maiden inducted into Hollywood RockWalk". blabbermouth.net. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
• "British Music Experience". englandrover.com. 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
• "Former Iron Maiden members to be inducted into Metal Hall of Fame". blabbermouth.net. 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
• "Powerslave history revisited". loudersound.com. 13 April 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
• "Powerslave Charts 2024". Iron Maiden Poland & Clive Burr Tribute. 3 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
• "Powerslave 40 years" (in Portuguese). classicrock.com. 10 February 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
• "Grammy 1994". rockonthenet.com. 16 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
• "Classic Era". maidenrevelations.com. 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
• "End of Classic Era". maidenrevelations.com. 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
• "2023 SETLIST... AS IT HAPPENS". ironmaiden.com. 28 May 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
• "Jason Newsted names the bands that made Metallica possible". faroutmagazine.co.uk. 27 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
• "Seventh Son 35" (in Portuguese). rollingstone.uol.com.br. 23 April 2023. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
• "RAA Reissue". news.2112.net. 20 April 2023. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
• "10 Metal Albums That Changed Music". readersdigest.co.uk. 9 March 2023. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
• "Most Beloved Metal Bands Ever". delamar.de. 19 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
• "RNRHOF CEO about IM". 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
• "Official Nomination from RNRHOF". 1 February 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
• "Iron Maiden Honoured by RM". ironmaiden.com.com. 6 January 2023. Archived from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
• "Bona Fide Legends". bbc.com. 5 January 2023. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
• @themendesupdate (22 September 2017). "Shawn Mendes' handprint at Rock In Rios' wall of fame. https://pic.twitter.com/onLC4lAw1I https://pic.twitter.com/onLC4lAw1I" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2022 – via Twitter.
• Neil Daniels (26 April 2012), Bonnier Zaffre (ed.), Metallica – The Early Years And The Rise Of Metal, Bonnier Zaffre, ISBN 978-1-78606-141-6, archived from the original on 4 April 2023, retrieved 10 December 2019
• "Biogram". ironmaiden.com/the-band. 22 October 2022. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
• "Iron Maiden announces 2023 dates". themusicuniverse.com. 22 October 2022. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
• "Iron Maiden announces 2023 gigs" (in Polish). gwiazdy.wp.pl. 22 October 2022. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
• "Music and an instrument of torture". budapesttimes.hu. 30 May 2022. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
• "Forge on Iron Maiden". blabbermouth.net. 15 May 2022. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
• "IM and Ghost". planetradio.co.uk. 15 May 2022. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
• "TNOTB: 20 mln copies". thisisdig.com. 27 March 2022. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
• "TNOTB: 20 mln" (in German). swr.de. 25 March 2022. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
• "Iron Maiden influence over the genre". loudersound.com. 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
• "Kirk Hammett about Iron Maiden's first album". www.ultimate-guitar.com. 5 March 2022. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
• "The Number of the Beast" (in French). rollingstone.fr. 19 February 2022. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
• "TNOTB Anni". whiplash.net. 12 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
• "The rock bands that James Hetfield named as his favourites". www.metalcastle.net. 12 February 2022. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
• "Best Iron Maiden songs". thisisdig.com. 12 February 2022. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
• "Bruce Dickinson won't pilot band's plane any more". www.blabbermouth.net. 4 February 2022. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
• "Bruce Dickinson shares his strange journey at Rockwell Hall". buffstaterecord.com. 4 February 2022. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
• "Bruce Dickinson Interview". bravewords.com. 27 January 2022. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
• "Iron Maiden influences". mopop.org. 15 January 2022. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
• Igor Soares. "Carnaval: Eddie, Sérgio Moro e Japonês da PF viram bonecos gigantes em Olinda" (in Portuguese). IRON MAIDEN 666 – BRASIL. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
• lavozdelsur.es (6 January 2022). "Mulán "negra" y un oso "con esguince cervical": así ha sido la Cabalgata "del terror" en Cádiz" (in Spanish). lavozdelsur.es. Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
• "Eddie, la mascota de Iron Maiden, protagonista de la cabalgata de Reyes de Cádiz" (in Spanish). MariskalRock.com. 6 January 2022. Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
• "Eddie aparece en desfile por Bajada de Reyes y la gente se burla de la gigante mascota" (in Spanish). cuarteldelmetal.com. 6 January 2022. Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
• "Nicko McBrain Says Iron Maiden Doesn't Care About Fans Expectations in the Studio". metalcastle.net. 17 December 2021. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
• "Iron Maiden WOA HoF". facebook.com. 12 November 2021. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
• "200 mln sales". metalcastle.net. 4 November 2021. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
• "50-year career and sweeping: how Iron Maiden manage to outsell youth idols | ICON | OI Canadian". oicanadian.com. 28 September 2021. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
• "Iron Maiden :: Charts & Sales History". UKMIX Forums. 28 September 2021. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
• "Wilma". BandMix.com. 27 February 2021. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
• "A Brief History Of Metal". gibson.com. 10 November 2012. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
• "Best British Album Ever" (in Polish). metalnews.pl. 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
• "Nights of the Dead Album". ironmaiden.com. 14 June 2021. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
• "New Tour 2016-17". maidenrevelations.com. 13 June 2021. Archived from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
• "ME North America". ironmaiden.com. 13 June 2021. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
• "Bio 2012-2014". ironmaiden.com. 13 June 2021. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
• "Maiden England in Europe". maidenrevelations.com. 13 June 2021. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
• "Iron Maiden & Clive Burr – Tribute". facebook.com/ralfie75. 12 June 2021. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
• "Give Me Ed Tour". ironmaiden.com. 11 June 2021. Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
• "2003-04 Tour". ironmaiden.com. 11 June 2021. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
• "SSofSS Recording". ironmaiden.com. 10 June 2021. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
• "Grammy Awards 2001". Rock on the Net. 8 March 2009. Archived from the original on 1 September 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
• Gray, Chris (25 May 2001). "Craig David makes up for Brits snub with Novello titles". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 May 2009. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
• "Public Choice International". www.facebook.com/ralfie75/photos. 29 April 2021. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
• "Donington's a goner". Classic Rock (12): 6–7. March 2000.
• "Tour 1981". ironmaidencommentary.com. 14 December 2014. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
• "Three decades of heavy metal thunder". loudersound.com. 8 June 2021. Archived from the original on 8 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
• "First albums". maidenrevelations.com. 7 June 2021. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
• "List of First 25 Videos played on MTV". portablepress.com. 6 December 2014. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
• "MTV". mtv.com. 6 December 2014. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
• "No Prayer on the Road Europe". facebook.com. 6 June 2021. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
• Evans, Mike (2015). Vinyl. Sterling.
• "World Piece Tour 1983". ironmaiden.com. 6 June 2021. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
• "Live Collection". ironmaiden.com. 6 June 2021. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
• "1992 – 1993 era". maidenrevelations.com. 6 June 2021. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
• "TNOTB 39 Anos" (in Portuguese). ironmaidenbrasil.com.br. 6 June 2021. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
• "Dawn of the classic era". maidenrevelations.com. 6 June 2021. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
• Fear of the Dark Enhanced CD. EMI. 1998.
• Rodríguez Rojas, Luis Mariano (2020). Detailed Discography of the Beast . A Run Hard Publication.
• "Fear of the Dark Tour MOR Tour". ironmaiden.com. 31 May 2021. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
• Martin Popoff (2019). Power Chord Press (ed.). Wheels of Steel – the explosive early years of the NWOBHM. Canada: Wymer Publishing. ISBN 978-1912782185.
• Martin Popoff (2019). Power Chord Press (ed.). Wheels of Steel – the explosive early years of the NWOBHM. Canada: Wymer Publishing. ISBN 978-1912782185.
• "Knebworth 2014". ironmaiden.com. 25 May 2021. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
• "RNRFC Nicko McBrain". rockcamp.com. 20 May 2021. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
• "Legacy of the Beast Tour extravagance". ironmaiden.com. 21 May 2021. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
• "Iron Maiden Biography". ironmaiden.com. 20 May 2021. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
• "Heavy Metal exhibition in RNRHOF". facebook.com. 19 May 2021. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
• "Danny Lilker on Iron Maiden". metalcrypt.com. 29 April 2022. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
• "Exodus on Iron Maiden". metalforcesmagazine.com. 19 May 2021. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
• "RnRHoF Note". rockhall.com. 19 May 2021. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
• "Paul Stanley about Maiden". blabbermouth.net. 10 May 2021. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
• "Metallica Lars Urlich Thanks Iron Maiden". Loudwire.com. 23 November 2011. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
• Adams, Bret. "Iron Maiden: Ed Hunter". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
• Alderslade, Merlin (15 February 2012). "Maiden announce US tour". Metal Hammer. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
• Alderslade, Merlin (6 December 2012). "Iron Maiden, Megadeth, Marilyn Manson, Lamb of God Among Grammy Nominees". Metal Hammer. Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
• "Iron Maiden nominated for RNRHOF". bravewords.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
• "Metalo milžinai "Iron Maiden" pirmą kartą atvyksta į Lietuvą Skaitykite daugiau: Metalo milžinai "Iron Maiden" pirmą kartą atvyksta į Lietuvą". Alfa.lt (in Lithuanian). 2 November 2015. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
• "Various Artists – The Piano Tribute to Iron Maiden". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
• "Various Artists – Hip-Hop Tribute to Iron Maiden". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
• "Powerslaves: An Elektro Tribute to Iron Maiden". Aquarius Records. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
• Barton, Geoff (27 October 1979). "Blood and Iron: HM from the punky East End and nothing to do with Margaret Thatcher, sez Deaf Barton". Sounds. NWOBHM.com. Archived from the original on 29 June 2007. Retrieved 8 October 2006.
• "Clive Burr, former Iron Maiden drummer, dies at 56". BBC News. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
• Berelian, Essi (June 2000). "The Wicked Man". Classic Rock (15): 36–43.
• Bezer, Terry (12 November 2008). "Iron Maiden Announce Final 'Somewhere Back in Time' Dates". Metal Hammer. Archived from the original on 4 February 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
• Bezer, Terry (20 January 2009). "Iron Maiden: The Movie! Catch The Trailer!". Classic Rock. Archived from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
• Bezer, Terry (18 February 2009). "Iron Maiden wins Brit award". Metal Hammer. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
• Bezer, Terry (23 March 2009). "SXSW award for Flight 666". Metal Hammer. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
• Bezer, Terry (15 April 2009). "Iron Maiden Release Flight 666 DVD Details". Classic Rock. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
• Bezer, Terry (4 March 2010). "Iron Maiden The Final Frontier Album Details Emerge". Metal Hammer. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
• Bienstock, Richard (3 July 2011). "Maiden Voyage". Guitar World. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
• "Piece of Mind". Billboard. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
• "Iron Maiden returns to the chart for the first time since 2003". Billboard. 13 September 2006. Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
• "Iron Maiden Bassist Talks About His Technique And Influences". Blabbermouth.net. 24 September 2004. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2008.
• "Iron Maiden To Release 'Number of the Beast' Single". Blabbermouth.net. 16 November 2004. Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• "Iron Maiden Announce Details Of Death on the Road DVD/CD". Blabbermouth.net. 11 May 2005. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• "Iron Maiden: 'Eddie Rips Up the World' Tour Opener Setlist Revealed". Blabbermouth.net. 28 May 2005. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
• "Iron Maiden Announce eBay Auction and Hard Rock Café Event". Blabbermouth.net. 22 November 2005. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• "Iron Maiden Drummer, Guitarist Talk About New Album". Blabbermouth.net. 5 July 2006. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2006.
• "Iron Maiden Announces First-Ever Appearance in India". Blabbermouth.net. 13 February 2007. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• "Iron Maiden Confirms Special Clive Burr Show". Blabbermouth.net. 25 May 2007. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• "UK's Download named Top Festival". Blabbermouth.net. 15 November 2007. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2007.
• "Iron Maiden Frontman Issues 'Bruce Air' Update". Blabbermouth.net. 7 July 2008. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• "Robert Plant, Freddie Mercury, Axl Rose, Ian Gillan Among 'Greatest Voices in Rock'". Blabbermouth.net. 2 January 2009. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
• "Bruce Dickinson And Ronnie James Dio Are Heavy Metal's Top Singers". Blabbermouth.net. 1 June 2009. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
• "Iron Maiden's Flight 666 Was Biggest-Ever Worldwide Simultaneous Release of Documentary Film". Blabbermouth.net. 11 May 2009. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
• "Iron Maiden: New Album Details Revealed". Blabbermouth.net. 7 June 2010. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• "Iron Maiden, Slayer, Megadeth, Ozzy, Korn Among Grammy Awards Nominees". Blabbermouth.net. 1 December 2010. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
• "Iron Maiden Announces Support Acts For UK Tour". Blabbermouth.net. 18 February 2011. Archived from the original on 9 June 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• "From Fear To Eternity New Release Date Announced; Promo-Only CD Single Detailed". Blabbermouth.net. 6 May 2011. Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• "Iron Maiden To Release En Vivo! Concert Blu-ray, Two-DVD Set And Double Soundtrack Album". Blabbermouth.net. 17 January 2012. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
• Brannigan, Paul. "Hack Job?". Kerrang! Legends (2): 26–27.
• "Janick Gers interview- Talking Metal Pirate Radio No. 5". Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles. 26 August 2010. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
• "Chilean Magazine Slams Iron Maiden Why Music Matters Animated Film As "Full of Lies"". Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles. 15 June 2011. Archived from the original on 16 August 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
• Bushell, Garry; Halfin, Ross (1985). Running Free, The Official Story of Iron Maiden (second ed.). Zomba Books. ISBN 0-946391-84-X.
• Cashmere, Tim (15 January 2008). "Iron Maiden Reveal Ed Force One". Undercover FM. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• Coleman, Andrew (29 July 2011). "Music: Iron Maiden's final frontier". Birmingham Mail. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2012. hitting the number one spot in 28 countries
• "Interview with Bruce Dickinson October 2001". dmme.net. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
• Dome, Malcolm (September 2006). "The Good Life". Classic Rock (97): 76.
• Dome, Malcolm (September 2006). "Iron Maiden: War all the Time". Metal Hammer (157): 34–40.
• Dome, Malcolm (26 September 2014). "Remembering The Day Bruce Joined Maiden". Metal Hammer. TeamRock. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
• Classic Albums: Iron Maiden – The Number of the Beast (DVD). Eagle Vision. 4 December 2001.
• "Part 2: Groundwork". Iron Maiden: In Profile. EMI. 1998.
• The History of Iron Maiden – Part 1: The Early Days (DVD). UK: EMI. 23 November 2004. ASIN B0006B29Z2
• "The History of Iron Maiden part 2". Live After Death (DVD). EMI. 4 February 2008.
• "Steve Harris Precision Bass®". Fender.com. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
• Gennet, Robbie (3 October 2010). "Michael Kenney – the Man Behind the Maiden". Keyboard Magazine. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
• "The drummer with million". Godscare.net. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
• Grow, Kory (18 June 2015). "Iron Maiden Announce New Double Album The Book of Souls". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
• "Hit Parader's Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time". HearYa.com. 4 December 2006. Archived from the original on 8 September 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
• Hinchcliffe, Jon (27 October 1999). "Dennis Stratton Interview: October 1999". Praying-Mantis.com. Archived from the original on 18 November 2006. Retrieved 8 October 2006.
• Huey, Steve. "Iron Maiden – Review". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on 19 February 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
• Huey, Steve. "Piece of Mind – Review". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on 11 March 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
• Huey, Steve. "Iron Maiden – Somewhere in Time – Review". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
• Iron Maiden (past and present band and management) (1996). 12 Wasted Years (VHS). UK: Sanctuary Group. OCLC 23531749 ASIN 6301092643
• "Juno Winners – 2010 Gala Dinner & Awards". Juno Awards. 18 April 2010. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
• Kaczuroski, Thiago (16 March 2009). "Iron Maiden does biggest show of career in São Paulo" (in Portuguese). Terra Networks. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
• "The making of Maiden Heaven". Kerrang!. 16 July 2008. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
• Khan, Urmee (6 April 2009). "The Police and Iron Maiden lead British music stars' foreign earnings to hit record levels". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
• Kielty, Martin (20 September 2012). "Iron Maiden confirmed for Download 2013". Classic Rock. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
• Kielty, Martin (18 June 2015). "Iron Maiden name album No.16". Metal Hammer. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
• Kreps, Daniel (9 November 2018). "Iron Maiden Map Out 2019 Legacy of the Beast Tour". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
• Lach, Stef (25 August 2015). "Maiden to tour world in new Ed Force One". Metal Hammer. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
• Lane, Daniel (7 September 2007). "Iron Maiden Tour Plans". Metal Hammer. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
• Lane, Daniel (27 March 2008). "Iron Maiden – New Album, Old Songs". Metal Hammer. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
• Lawson, Dom. "666 of the Best". Kerrang! Legends (2): 36–37.
• Ling, Dave (2005). "Nicko McBrain". Metal Hammer Presents: Iron Maiden 30 Years of Metal Mayhem: 103.
• Loftus, Johnny. "Little Emo Quartet / Vitamin String Quartet – Anatomy of Evil: The String Quartet Tribute to Iron Maiden". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
• "Maiden uniteD discography". MaidenuniteD.com. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
• Marlow, Lee (February 2011). "When drummer Clive Burr was ousted from Iron Maiden...". Classic Rock (154): 52–55.
• Martins, Thiago (5 April 2002). "Rock in Rio III Concert review". Metal Rules. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2011. From the supposed attendance of 250,000 people...
• Masters, Tim (3 November 2009). "Rolling Stone Wood wins rock gong". BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 November 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
• McIver, Joel (December 2010). "Iron Maiden: Dave Murray". Total Guitar (208): 32–34.
• McIver, Joel (December 2010). "Iron Maiden: Janick Gers". Total Guitar (208): 36–38.
• McIver, Joel (December 2010). "Iron Maiden: Adrian Smith". Total Guitar (208): 40–42.
• "Fair Play". Meansheets.com. 9 March 2010. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
• "The Final Frontier – Iron Maiden". Metacritic. CBS Interactive Inc. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
• "Reviews for The Book of Souls by Iron Maiden". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 2 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
• "Iron Maiden – More Somewhere Back in Time World Tour Dates". Metal Storm. 1 November 2007. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• "Iron Maiden's Gothenburg Show Sold Out in 2.5 Hrs". Metal Underground. 30 October 2004. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• "SVT To Broadcast Iron Maiden Live in Gothenburg". Metal Underground. 18 May 2005. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• "Iron Maiden Headlining Download Festival". Metal Underground. 31 January 2007. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• "Metal Update Interview with Jesper Strömblad". Metalupdate.com. 19 November 1999. Archived from the original on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
• Morris, Chris (7 February 2013). "WMG Buys Parlophone Label". Variety. Archived from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
• "The 60 greatest bassists of all time". MusicRadar. 24 September 2010. Archived from the original on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
• "The Greatest Metal Bands of All Time, 4: Iron Maiden". MTV. 2006. Archived from the original (Official Website) on 18 December 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
• Munro, Scott (13 November 2017). "Iron Maiden announce Legacy Of The Beast UK and European tour". Classic Rock. Archived from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
• "Iron Maiden rise above Osbourne's drama at Leeds". NME. UK. 2005. Archived from the original (Official Website) on 20 July 2006. Retrieved 11 October 2006.
• "Official UK Albums Archive: 4 April 1998". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
• "UK Singles Chart- 15 January 2005". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
• Paterson, Lawrence (2009). Blaze Bayley: At the End of the Day. Blaze Bayley Recordings Ltd. p. 44.
• Pfanner, Eric (5 September 2010). "Die-Hard Fans Follow Iron Maiden into the Digital Age". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 September 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
• Popoff, Martin (2005). "The X Offender". Metal Hammer Presents: Iron Maiden 30 Years of Metal Mayhem: 63.
• Popoff, Martin (2005). "Maiden at the Movies". Metal Hammer Presents: Iron Maiden 30 Years of Metal Mayhem: 104–105.
• Popoff, Martin (2005). "Commercial Break!". Metal Hammer Presents: Iron Maiden 30 Years of Metal Mayhem: 108–109.
• Popoff, Martin (2013). 2 Minutes to Midnight: An Iron Maiden Day-by-Day. Backbeat Books, ISBN 1-617-13565-8.
• Prato, Greg. "Iron Maiden – No Prayer for the Dying". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
• "Grammy Awards: Best Metal Performance". Rock on the Net. Archived from the original on 1 September 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
• Roland, Driadonna (13 March 2013). "Ex-Iron Maiden Drummer Clive Burr Dead at 56". MTV. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
• Rosen, Jeremy (7 December 2011). "The 50 Greatest Metal Front-men of All Time!". Roadrunner Records. Archived from the original on 5 March 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
• Iron Maiden: Rock in Rio (DVD). Sanctuary. 10 June 2002.
• "Iron Maiden honoured with Ivor Novello award". Sanctuary Group. 18 September 2002. Archived from the original (Official Website) on 10 March 2007. Retrieved 11 October 2006.
• Sands, Katie (12 February 2016). "Iron Maiden plane Ed Force One is coming to Cardiff". Wales Online. Media Wales. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
• Saulnier, Jason (30 April 2010). "Blaze Bayley Interview: Iron Maiden Singer talks Wolfsbane". Music Legends. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
• Saulnier, Jason (22 November 2012). "Paul Di'Anno Interview". Music Legends. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
• Sexton, Paul (11 September 2015). "Iron Maiden Earns Fifth No. 1 Album in U.K. With The Book of Souls". Billboard. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
• Smith, Matt (21 April 2009). "Award Winning Iron Maiden Film Hits Cinemas". BSkyB. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2011. ...largely without the help of radio airplay or the mainstream media.
• Soto, Jobana (1 December 2008). "Iron Maiden to perform in Lima March 2009". Living in Peru. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2008.
• "Iron Maiden: US Tour Dates". Sputnikmusic. 29 March 2008. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• Stagno, Mike (11 June 2006). "Iron Maiden – Virtual XI". Sputnikmusic. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
• Stagno, Mike (2 August 2006). "Iron Maiden: The X Factor (Review)". Sputnikmusic. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012. ...the often criticised Blaze Bayley himself. With his lower vocal range, he may not have been able to sing the old Iron Maiden classics as well as Bruce...
• Stenning 1, Paul (2006). Iron Maiden: 30 Years of the Beast – The Complete Unauthorised Biography (first ed.). Chrome Dreams. ISBN 1-84240-361-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
• Stenning 2, Paul (2006). Iron Maiden: 30 Years of the Beast – The Complete Unauthorised Biography (first ed.). Chrome Dreams. ISBN 1-84240-361-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
• "Iron Maiden – Virtual XI Worldwide Charts". Sverigetopplistan. Swedishcharts.com. Archived from the original on 17 November 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
• "Iron Maiden live at Twickenham". Thrash Hits. 28 July 2007. Archived from the original on 3 August 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
• "Iron Maiden Releasing En Vivo! Blu-ray, 2DVD and Soundtrack". UpVenue. 17 January 2012. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
• Carmen Electra (host) (11 August 2005). "VH1's 100 Greatest Hard Rock Artists". The Greatest. VH1.
• VH1 Classic's Top 20 Metal Bands. VH1 Classic. 25 December 2006.
• Dunn, McFadyen (creators, directors) (10 December 2011). "New Wave of British Heavy Metal". Metal Evolution. VH1 Classic.
• Vincentelli, Elisabeth (31 December 2006). "Whole Albums in Concert". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 March 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
• Vulliamy, Ed (22 April 2007). "Maiden India". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 3 October 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
• Wall, Mick (2004). Iron Maiden: Run to the Hills, the Authorised Biography (third ed.). Sanctuary Publishing. ISBN 1-86074-542-3.
• Wejbro, Sandra (31 August 2011). "Bästa liveakt hårdrock: Iron Maiden". Aftonbladet (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
• Williams, Scott (31 August 2005). "Iron Maiden Reading 2005 Review". EFestivals.com. Archived from the original on 14 October 2006. Retrieved 11 October 2006.
• "Emman historia" (in Finnish). YLE. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
• Young, Simon (2006). "Raising Hell". Kerrang! Legends. 112 (2): 32. Bibcode:2006S&T...112f..54K.
• Young, Simon. "Iron Men". Kerrang! Legends (2): 90–93.

Further reading

• Bayer, Gerd (2009). Heavy Metal Music in Britain. Farnham, Surrey, UK: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-6423-9.
• Daniels, Neil (2016). Iron Maiden - Updated Edition: The Ultimate Illustrated History of the Beast. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-760-35167-3.
• Dickinson, Bruce (2017). What Does This Button Do?: An Autobiography. Dey Street Books. ISBN 978-0-062-46813-0.
• Gamba, Marco; Visintini, Nicola (2004). Iron Maiden Companion (2nd ed.). Moving Media & Arts. ISBN 978-8867900237.
• Phillips, William; Cogan, Brian (20 March 2009). Encyclopedia of Heavy Metal Music. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-34801-3.
• Popoff, Martin (2013). 2 Minutes to Midnight: An Iron Maiden Day-by-Day. Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-1-617-13565-1.
• Shooman, Joe (2007). Bruce Dickinson: Flashing Metal with Iron Maiden and Flying Solo. Independent Music Press. ISBN 978-0-9552822-4-9.

External links

• Official website
• Iron Maiden at AllMusic
• Iron Maiden at IMDb

• Iron Maiden (band)
• 1975 establishments in England
• Brit Award winners
• British musical sextets
• British musicians by genre
• Bruce Dickinson
• Capitol Records artists
• Documentary films about heavy metal music and musicians
• Echo (music award) winners
• EMI Records artists
• English heavy metal musical groups
• English musical quintets
• Epic Records artists
• Grammy Award winners
• Guinness World Records
• Harvest Records artists
• Ivor Novello Award winners
• Juno Award winners
• Kerrang! Awards winners
• Musical groups established in 1975
• Musical groups from the London Borough of Waltham Forest
• New Wave of British Heavy Metal musical groups
• Parlophone artists
• Progressive metal musical groups
• Sanctuary Records video albums
• Second British Invasion artists
• Universal Music Group artists
• Warner Music Sweden artists