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{{Short description|1921 Oxford University Spitsbergen expedition}} {{Short description|Scientific exploration of Spitsbergen, Norway}}


⚫ The 1921 '''] ] expedition''' took place over the period June–August 1921 and was led by ] (1865–1940).<ref>{{cite journal | title= Charles Elton's Accounts of Expeditions from Oxford to the Arctic in the 1920s | date= June 2015 | journal = Arctic |volume = 68 | issue = 2 | page = 273 | doi = 10.14430/arctic4494 |first = Caroline | last= Pond | url= http://www.rpgroup.caltech.edu/aph150_human_impacts/assets/pdfs/Pond_2015.pdf | access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref>
==The 1921 Oxford University Spitsbergen expedition==

⚫ The 1921 '''Oxford University Spitsbergen expedition''' took place over the period June–August 1921 and was led by ] (1865–1940).<ref>{{cite journal | title= Charles Elton's Accounts of Expeditions from Oxford to the Arctic in the 1920s | date= June 2015 | journal = Arctic |volume = 68 | issue = 2 | page = 273 | doi = 10.14430/arctic4494 |first = Caroline | last= Pond | url= http://www.rpgroup.caltech.edu/aph150_human_impacts/assets/pdfs/Pond_2015.pdf | access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref>


==Science== ==Science==
Line 11: Line 9:
==Expedition members== ==Expedition members==
Apart from the leader, Jourdain, other members included: Apart from the leader, Jourdain, other members included:
*] (1900-1991), aged 21 at the time of the expedition, later becoming "a towering figure in the history of animal ecology" and elected a ].<ref name="Elton">{{Cite journal |last1=Southwood |first1=R. |authorlink=Richard Southwood |last2=Clarke |first2=J. R. |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1999.0010 |title=Charles Sutherland Elton. 29 March 1900 – 1 May 1991: Elected F.R.S. 1953 |journal=] |volume=45 |pages=129 |year=1999 |doi-access=}}</ref> *] (1900–1991), aged 21 at the time of the expedition, later becoming "a towering figure in the history of animal ecology" and elected a ].<ref name="Elton">{{Cite journal |last1=Southwood |first1=R. |authorlink=Richard Southwood |last2=Clarke |first2=J. R. |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1999.0010 |title=Charles Sutherland Elton. 29 March 1900 – 1 May 1991: Elected F.R.S. 1953 |journal=] |volume=45 |pages=129 |year=1999 |doi-access=}}</ref>
*] (1900-1972), aged 21 at the time of the expedition, later to become Sir Frederick George Binney, ].<ref name ="Binney">{{Cite journal | url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/1795866 | title = Obituary: Sir George Binney, DSO | journal = Geographical Journal | volume= 139 | issue = 1 | date = February 1973 |pages= 199–201| jstor = 1795866 }}</ref> *] (1900–1972), aged 21 at the time of the expedition, later to become Sir Frederick George Binney, ].<ref name ="Binney">{{Cite journal | url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/1795866 | title = Obituary: Sir George Binney, DSO | journal = Geographical Journal | volume= 139 | issue = 1 | date = February 1973 |pages= 199–201| jstor = 1795866 }}</ref>
*] (1887-1975), aged 35 at the time of the expedition, later to become Sir Julian Huxley and elected a ] for his work on evolutionary biology.<ref name="Huxley">{{Cite web| url=https://archives.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/repositories/2/resources/10085 | website = Bodleian Library, Oxford | title= Papers of Julian Sorell Huxley *] (1887–1975), aged 35 at the time of the expedition, later to become Sir Julian Huxley and elected a ] for his work on evolutionary biology.<ref name="Huxley">{{Cite web| url=https://archives.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/repositories/2/resources/10085 | website = Bodleian Library, Oxford | title= Papers of Julian Sorell Huxley
| access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref> | access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref>
*] (1886-1966), aged 35 at the time of the expedition, later to become Sir Alexander Morris Carr-Saunders, ], ] and for 20 years was the director of the ].<ref name ="Carr-Saunders">{{Cite journal | url = https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1967_files/AJ%201967%20184-192%20In%20Memoriam.pdf | title = Alexander Morris Carr-Saunders (1886-1966) | journal =Alpine Journal| date= 1967| first =Lord Robert| last = Chorley | issn= 0065-6569 |volume =#72 | issue = 315 | pages=184–187 | access-date =12 December 2024 }}</ref> *] (1886–1966), aged 35 at the time of the expedition, later to become Sir Alexander Morris Carr-Saunders, ], ] and for 20 years was the director of the ].<ref name ="Carr-Saunders">{{Cite journal | url = https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1967_files/AJ%201967%20184-192%20In%20Memoriam.pdf | title = Alexander Morris Carr-Saunders (1886-1966) | journal =Alpine Journal| date= 1967| first =Lord Robert| last = Chorley | issn= 0065-6569 |volume =#72 | issue = 315 | pages=184–187 | access-date =12 December 2024 }}</ref>
*] (1886-1977), aged 35 at the time of the expedition, who authored multiple books about the wildlife and scenery of Scotland as well as the book "Amid Snowy Wastes - Wild Life On The Spitsberg Archipelago" which provides his narrative of the 1921 expedition.<ref>{{cite book | title =Amid Snowy Wastes - Wild Life On The Spitsberg Archipelago | publisher = Cassell & Co Ltd | date= 1922| first =Seton | last =Gordon | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsIEAAAAMAAJ | access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref> *] (1886–1977), aged 35 at the time of the expedition, who authored multiple books about the wildlife and scenery of Scotland as well as the book "Amid Snowy Wastes - Wild Life On The Spitsberg Archipelago" which provides his narrative of the 1921 expedition.<ref>{{cite book | title =Amid Snowy Wastes - Wild Life On The Spitsberg Archipelago | publisher = Cassell & Co Ltd | date= 1922| first =Seton | last =Gordon | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsIEAAAAMAAJ | access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref>
*] (1875-1964), aged 46 at the time of the expedition, a member of the ]. His autobiography includes a chapter about the Spitsbergen expedition.<ref>{{cite book | title = This My Voyage | date=1951| first = Tom| last = Longstaff |publisher =John Murray |pages=237–260 | access-date = 15 December 2024 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=CMAzAAAAIAAJ }}</ref> *] (1875–1964), aged 46 at the time of the expedition, a member of the ]. His autobiography includes a chapter about the Spitsbergen expedition.<ref>{{cite book | title = This My Voyage | date=1951| first = Tom| last = Longstaff |publisher =John Murray |pages=237–260 | access-date = 15 December 2024 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=CMAzAAAAIAAJ }}</ref>
*] (1890-1987), aged 31 at the time of the expedition, he was the last person to see ] and ] before they disappeared on the upper slopes of ] during the ]. *] (1890–1987), aged 31 at the time of the expedition, he was the last person to see ] and ] before they disappeared on the upper slopes of ] during the ].
*] (1897-1974), aged 24 at the time of the expedition, later in charge of the ] herbarium at the ], an international figure in the study of orchids and awarded an ] in 1950.<ref name="Summerhayes">"Mr V. S. Summerhayes." Times 7 Jan. 1975: 14. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 3 July 2013.</ref> *] (1897–1974), aged 24 at the time of the expedition, later in charge of the ] herbarium at the ], an international figure in the study of orchids and awarded an ] in 1950.<ref name="Summerhayes">"Mr V. S. Summerhayes." Times 7 Jan. 1975: 14. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 3 July 2013.</ref>
*Robert Alexander Frazer (1891-1959), aged 30 at the time of the expedition, in 1946 he was elected a ] for his work on ].<ref>{{cite journal | title= Robert Alexander Frazer. 1891-1959 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/769397 | first = Alfred G. | last = Pugsley | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | doi=10.1098/rsbm.1961.0006 | volume= 7 | date =November 1961| pages= 75–84 |jstor=769397 | access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref> *Robert Alexander Frazer (1891–1959), aged 30 at the time of the expedition, in 1946 he was elected a ] for his work on ].<ref>{{cite journal | title= Robert Alexander Frazer. 1891-1959 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/769397 | first = Alfred G. | last = Pugsley | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | doi=10.1098/rsbm.1961.0006 | volume= 7 | date =November 1961| pages= 75–84 |jstor=769397 | access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref>
*James Douglas Brown (1899–1971), aged 22 at the time of the expedition, OBE.<ref>{{cite book | title= Science at Oxford, 1914-1939: Transforming an Arts University | first =Jack | last=Morrell | chapter = Zoology | url = https://academic.oup.com/book/11690/chapter/160648613 | doi = 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206576.003.0008 | pages = 268–304 | date = 1997 | isbn =978-0-19-820657-6 |access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref> *James Douglas Brown (1899–1971), aged 22 at the time of the expedition, OBE.<ref>{{cite book | title= Science at Oxford, 1914-1939: Transforming an Arts University | first =Jack | last=Morrell | chapter = Zoology | url = https://academic.oup.com/book/11690/chapter/160648613 | doi = 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206576.003.0008 | pages = 268–304 | date = 1997 | isbn =978-0-19-820657-6 |access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref>
*Ralph Walter Segnit (1892-1965), aged 29 at the time of the expedition, later president of the ] (1940)<ref>{{cite news | url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/129707572| title = Pen Portraits of People - scientist and public servant | work = Adelaide News| page= 6 | date = 22 September 1926 | access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/131511103?searchTerm=%22ralph%20segnit%22%20-edgar | work = Adelaide News| page= 6 | date = 12 October 1939 | title = Curious Points About S.A. in Geologist's Bulletin |access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref> *Ralph Walter Segnit (1892–1965), aged 29 at the time of the expedition, later president of the ] (1940)<ref>{{cite news | url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/129707572| title = Pen Portraits of People - scientist and public servant | work = Adelaide News| page= 6 | date = 22 September 1926 | access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/131511103?searchTerm=%22ralph%20segnit%22%20-edgar | work = Adelaide News| page= 6 | date = 12 October 1939 | title = Curious Points About S.A. in Geologist's Bulletin |access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref>
*George Slater (1874-1956), aged 47 at the time of the expedition.<ref>{{cite journal | title= Unravelling the Glacial Geology of the Ipswich area – the work of Slater and Boswell | last = Mottram | first = Howard B. | url=https://www.suffolkbis.org.uk/publications/tsns/50/11 | journal = Transactions of the Suffolk Naturalists' Society | page= 69- 79 | volume =50 | date = 2014 | access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref> *George Slater (1874–1956), aged 47 at the time of the expedition.<ref>{{cite journal | title= Unravelling the Glacial Geology of the Ipswich area – the work of Slater and Boswell | last = Mottram | first = Howard B. | url=https://www.suffolkbis.org.uk/publications/tsns/50/11 | journal = Transactions of the Suffolk Naturalists' Society | pages= 69–79 | volume =50 | date = 2014 | access-date = 15 December 2024 }}</ref>
*Arthur Hamilton Paget Wilkes (1898-1955), aged 23 at the time of the expedition, the son of ], he later became the father of ].<ref name="Wilkes">{{Cite web| url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG126932| access-date = 15 December 2024 | title= Rev. A H Paget-Wilkes | website = British Museum }}</ref> *Arthur Hamilton Paget Wilkes (1898–1955), aged 23 at the time of the expedition, the son of ], he later became the father of ].<ref name="Wilkes">{{Cite web| url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG126932| access-date = 15 December 2024 | title= Rev. A H Paget-Wilkes | website = British Museum }}</ref>


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Norway}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:1921 Oxford University Spitsbergen expedition}} {{DEFAULTSORT:1921 Oxford University Spitsbergen expedition}}

Latest revision as of 17:23, 1 January 2025

Scientific exploration of Spitsbergen, Norway

The 1921 Oxford University Spitsbergen expedition took place over the period June–August 1921 and was led by F.C.R. Jourdain (1865–1940).

Science

The initial ornithological focus "was rapidly enlarged to embrace a range of interest, so diverse that the party had to be organized in two independent sections". Although over 30 articles arising from the expedition had been published by 1924 and a compilation volume bringing together those papers had also been published, a full and detailed account of the expedition was not made available until almost 60 years later by which time the data and material from the expedition had led to additional publications.

Expedition members

Apart from the leader, Jourdain, other members included:

References

  1. Pond, Caroline (June 2015). "Charles Elton's Accounts of Expeditions from Oxford to the Arctic in the 1920s" (PDF). Arctic. 68 (2): 273. doi:10.14430/arctic4494. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  2. Frazer, R.A. (1922). "The Topographical Work of the Oxford University Expedition to Spitsbergen (1921)". The Geographical Journal. doi:10.2307/1780538. JSTOR 1780538. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  3. Jourdain, Francis Charles Robert, ed. (1925). Spitzbergen Papers. Vol. I. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  4. Elton, Charles Sutherland (1983). "The Oxford University expedition to Spitsbergen 1921: an account, done in 1978-83". 245. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  5. Bertram, G. C. L. (January 1984). "Records of the Oxford University Expedition to Spitzbergen (Svalbard) 1921". Polar Record. 22 (136): 83–84. doi:10.1017/S0032247400004848. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  6. Southwood, R.; Clarke, J. R. (1999). "Charles Sutherland Elton. 29 March 1900 – 1 May 1991: Elected F.R.S. 1953". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 45: 129. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1999.0010.
  7. "Obituary: Sir George Binney, DSO". Geographical Journal. 139 (1): 199–201. February 1973. JSTOR 1795866.
  8. "Papers of Julian Sorell Huxley". Bodleian Library, Oxford. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  9. Chorley, Lord Robert (1967). "Alexander Morris Carr-Saunders (1886-1966)" (PDF). Alpine Journal. #72 (315): 184–187. ISSN 0065-6569. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  10. Gordon, Seton (1922). Amid Snowy Wastes - Wild Life On The Spitsberg Archipelago. Cassell & Co Ltd. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  11. Longstaff, Tom (1951). This My Voyage. John Murray. pp. 237–260. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  12. "Mr V. S. Summerhayes." Times 7 Jan. 1975: 14. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 3 July 2013.
  13. Pugsley, Alfred G. (November 1961). "Robert Alexander Frazer. 1891-1959". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 7: 75–84. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1961.0006. JSTOR 769397. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  14. Morrell, Jack (1997). "Zoology". Science at Oxford, 1914-1939: Transforming an Arts University. pp. 268–304. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206576.003.0008. ISBN 978-0-19-820657-6. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  15. "Pen Portraits of People - scientist and public servant". Adelaide News. 22 September 1926. p. 6. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  16. "Curious Points About S.A. in Geologist's Bulletin". Adelaide News. 12 October 1939. p. 6. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  17. Mottram, Howard B. (2014). "Unravelling the Glacial Geology of the Ipswich area – the work of Slater and Boswell". Transactions of the Suffolk Naturalists' Society. 50: 69–79. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  18. "Rev. A H Paget-Wilkes". British Museum. Retrieved 15 December 2024.

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