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| '''''Equus suessenbornensis''''' is an extinct species of large equine native to Western Eurasia, including Europe, during the ] to early ]. | '''''Equus suessenbornensis''''' is an extinct species of large equine native to Western Eurasia, including Europe, during the ] to early ]. | ||
| ==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| The species was first described in 1900 based on remains found at the Sussenborn locality in Germany,<ref>E. Wüst "Untersuchungen über das Pliozan und das Alteste Pleistozan Thüringens, nordlich vom Thüringer Walde und westlich von der Saale" Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Halle, 23 (1900), pp. 1-352</ref> dating to the early ], around |
The species was first described in 1900 based on remains found at the Sussenborn locality in Germany,<ref>E. Wüst "Untersuchungen über das Pliozan und das Alteste Pleistozan Thüringens, nordlich vom Thüringer Walde und westlich von der Saale" Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Halle, 23 (1900), pp. 1-352</ref> dating to the early ], around 640–620,000 years ago. Many authors have argued that ''Equus suessenbornensis'' should be considered related to other "stenonine" equines from the Early Pleistocene of Europe, such as ''],'' though some authors have argued it should be classified in the subgenus ''Sussemionus.'' Recent authors have proposed a particularly close relationship to ''] ,'' a "stenonine" equine known from the first half of the Early Pleistocene in Europe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Cirilli |first1=Omar |last2=Saarinen |first2=Juha |last3=Bukhsianidze |first3=Maia |last4=Lordkipanidze |first4=David |last5=Bernor |first5=Raymond L. |date=August 2023 |title=Equus suessenbornensis from Akhalkalaki (Georgia, Caucasus): a review with new insights on the paleoecology, paleobiogeography and evolution of the palearctic large-sized equids during the Early – Middle Pleistocene Transition |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379123002366 |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |language=en |volume=314 |pages=108188 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108188}}</ref> | ||
| ==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| ''Equus suessenbornensis'' was a large sized equine having an estimated body mass over {{Convert|500|kg}}, with some individuals exceeding {{Convert|650|kg}} making it larger than any other known "stenonine" other than ''Equus major''. The species is distinguished from other equines by a number of characters of the morphology of the teeth. The ] bones tend to be elongate, with a large ] (midsection) and wide ] (end sections).<ref name=":0" /> | ''Equus suessenbornensis'' was a large sized equine having an estimated body mass over {{Convert|500|kg}}, with some individuals exceeding {{Convert|650|kg}} making it larger than any other known "stenonine" other than ''Equus major''. The species is distinguished from other equines by a number of characters of the morphology of the teeth. The ] bones of the feet tend to be elongate, with a large ] (midsection) and wide ] (end sections).<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| ==Distribution and chronology== | ==Distribution and chronology== | ||
| ''Equuss suessenbornensis'' is known from remains found across Europe, spanning from Britain, France and Spain in the west, eastwards to Italy and Greece, and northwards to Germany and the Czech Republic, with possible remains being known from Moldova. Remains are also known from the Akhalkalaki site in Georgia in the ]. The chronology of the species spans from the mid-Early Pleistocene around 1.5 million years ago, until the early Middle Pleistocene, around 600,000 years ago, around the time of arrival of caballine true horses into Europe, assigned to the species '']''.<ref name=":0" /> |
''Equuss suessenbornensis'' is known from remains found across Europe, spanning from Britain, France and Spain in the west, eastwards to Italy and Greece, and northwards to Germany and the Czech Republic, with possible remains being known from Moldova. Remains are also known from the Akhalkalaki site in Georgia in the ]. The chronology of the species spans from the mid-Early Pleistocene around 1.5 million years ago, until the early Middle Pleistocene, around 600,000 years ago, around the time of arrival of caballine true horses into Europe, assigned to the species '']''.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| ==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
| ''Equus suessenbornensis'' is primarily associated with open woodland |
''Equus suessenbornensis'' is primarily associated with open woodland environments, though it was also found in open environments as well as forested environments. Dental wear analysis suggests that it was primarily a mixed feeder (engaging in both ] and ]), though some populations were alternatively found to be primarily browsers or grazers.<ref name=":0" /> It often co-occurred with the smaller "stenonine" equine '']'', which dental wear analysis indicates had a more grazing focused diet on average, suggesting dietary ] between the two species.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last1=Saarinen |first1=Juha |last2=Cirilli |first2=Omar |last3=Strani |first3=Flavia |last4=Meshida |first4=Keiko |last5=Bernor |first5=Raymond L. |date=2021-02-26 |title=Testing Equid Body Mass Estimate Equations on Modern Zebras—With Implications to Understanding the Relationship of Body Size, Diet, and Habitats of Equus in the Pleistocene of Europe |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=9 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2021.622412 |issn=2296-701X |doi-access=free}}</ref> | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| {{Taxonbar|from=Q40446873}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:41, 17 December 2024
Extinct species of mammal
| Equus suessenbornensis Temporal range: Early Pleistocene–Middle Pleistocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Perissodactyla |
| Family: | Equidae |
| Genus: | Equus |
| Species: | †E. suessenbornensis |
| Binomial name | |
| †Equus suessenbornensis Wüst, 1900 | |
Equus suessenbornensis is an extinct species of large equine native to Western Eurasia, including Europe, during the Early Pleistocene to early Middle Pleistocene.
Taxonomy
The species was first described in 1900 based on remains found at the Sussenborn locality in Germany, dating to the early Middle Pleistocene, around 640–620,000 years ago. Many authors have argued that Equus suessenbornensis should be considered related to other "stenonine" equines from the Early Pleistocene of Europe, such as Equus stenonis, though some authors have argued it should be classified in the subgenus Sussemionus. Recent authors have proposed a particularly close relationship to Equus major , a "stenonine" equine known from the first half of the Early Pleistocene in Europe.
Description
Equus suessenbornensis was a large sized equine having an estimated body mass over 500 kilograms (1,100 lb), with some individuals exceeding 650 kilograms (1,430 lb) making it larger than any other known "stenonine" other than Equus major. The species is distinguished from other equines by a number of characters of the morphology of the teeth. The metapodial bones of the feet tend to be elongate, with a large diaphysis (midsection) and wide epiphyses (end sections).
Distribution and chronology
Equuss suessenbornensis is known from remains found across Europe, spanning from Britain, France and Spain in the west, eastwards to Italy and Greece, and northwards to Germany and the Czech Republic, with possible remains being known from Moldova. Remains are also known from the Akhalkalaki site in Georgia in the Caucasus. The chronology of the species spans from the mid-Early Pleistocene around 1.5 million years ago, until the early Middle Pleistocene, around 600,000 years ago, around the time of arrival of caballine true horses into Europe, assigned to the species Equus mosbachensis.
Ecology
Equus suessenbornensis is primarily associated with open woodland environments, though it was also found in open environments as well as forested environments. Dental wear analysis suggests that it was primarily a mixed feeder (engaging in both browsing and grazing), though some populations were alternatively found to be primarily browsers or grazers. It often co-occurred with the smaller "stenonine" equine Equus altidens, which dental wear analysis indicates had a more grazing focused diet on average, suggesting dietary niche partitioning between the two species.
References
- E. Wüst "Untersuchungen über das Pliozan und das Alteste Pleistozan Thüringens, nordlich vom Thüringer Walde und westlich von der Saale" Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Halle, 23 (1900), pp. 1-352
- ^ Cirilli, Omar; Saarinen, Juha; Bukhsianidze, Maia; Lordkipanidze, David; Bernor, Raymond L. (August 2023). "Equus suessenbornensis from Akhalkalaki (Georgia, Caucasus): a review with new insights on the paleoecology, paleobiogeography and evolution of the palearctic large-sized equids during the Early – Middle Pleistocene Transition". Quaternary Science Reviews. 314: 108188. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108188.
- Saarinen, Juha; Cirilli, Omar; Strani, Flavia; Meshida, Keiko; Bernor, Raymond L. (2021-02-26). "Testing Equid Body Mass Estimate Equations on Modern Zebras—With Implications to Understanding the Relationship of Body Size, Diet, and Habitats of Equus in the Pleistocene of Europe". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9. doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.622412. ISSN 2296-701X.
| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Equus suessenbornensis | |