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Revision as of 16:52, 21 December 2024 editArtemis Andromeda (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users36,593 edits ←Created page with '{{Short description|Administrative body for Lithuania}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Duchy of Courland, Semigallia and Pilten | native_name = {{plainlist| * {{native name|fr|Duché de Courlande, Semigallia et Piltene}} * {{native name|de|Herzogtum Kurland, Semgallen und Pilten}} * {{native name|lv|Kurzemes, Zemgales un Piltenes hercogiste}}}} | event_start = | year_start = 1812 | date_start = 1...'Tags: nowiki added Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit  Latest revision as of 21:50, 2 January 2025 edit undoArtemis Andromeda (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users36,593 editsNo edit summaryTags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit 
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| image_map = File:Courland governorate 1820.jpg | image_map = File:Courland governorate 1820.jpg
| map_caption = Map of Courland from 1820. | map_caption = Map of Courland from 1820.
| historical_period = ]
}} }}
The '''Duchy of Courland, Semigallia and Pilten'''{{efn| The '''Duchy of Courland, Semigallia and Pilten'''{{efn|
* {{langx|fr|Duché de Courlande, Semigallia et Piltene}} * {{langx|fr|Duché de Courlande, Semigallia et Piltene}}
* {{langx|de|Herzogtum Kurland, Semgallen und Piltene}} * {{langx|de|Herzogtum Kurland, Semgallen und Piltene}}
* {{langx|lv|Kurzemes, Zemgales un Piltenes hercogiste}}}} was a short-lived unrecognized ] of the ] in the ], mostly comprising of ] and ] in modern-day ]. It was founded on 1 August 1812, during the ], from the territory of the ], and existed until 20 December 1812. * {{langx|lv|Kurzemes, Zemgales un Piltenes hercogiste}}}} was a short-lived unrecognized ] of the ] in the ], mostly comprising ] and ] in modern-day ]. It was founded on 1 August 1812, during the ], from the territory of the ], and existed until 20 December 1812. Its capital was set in ].


== History == == History ==
On 19 June 1812, during the ], on the territories of modern-day ] and ] occupied by the French troops, was founded the client state of the ]. On 9 July 1812, emperor ] declared in ] hus intention of restoring historical ] and the ]. On 18 July, the ] of the ], commanded by marshal ], have occupied the town of ], and the next day, it have deafted the Russian troops in the ]. On 20 July, the administration of the ], including its governor ] had fled the territory.<ref name=r1>"Kurzemes franču okupācija", in: ''Latviešu konversācijas vārdnīcas'', vol. 10. Riga, 1934, p. 19127–19131. (in Latvian)</ref><ref name=r2>Arveds Švābe: ''Latvijas vēsture''. Upsāla, 1958. (in Latvian)</ref> On 19 June 1812, during the ], on the territories of modern-day ] and ] occupied by the French troops, was founded the client state of the ]. On 9 July 1812, emperor ] declared in ] hus intention of restoring historical ] and the ]. On 18 July, the ] of the ], commanded by marshal ], have occupied the town of ], and the next day, it have deafted the Russian troops in the ]. On 20 July, the administration of the ], including its governor ], had fled the territory.<ref name=r1>"Kurzemes franču okupācija", in: ''Latviešu konversācijas vārdnīcas'', vol. 10. Riga, 1934, p. 19127–19131. (in Latvian)</ref><ref name=r2>Arveds Švābe: ''Latvijas vēsture''. Upsāla, 1958. (in Latvian)</ref>


On 1 August 1812, was issued a decree annoucing thr formation of the Duchy of Courland, Semigallia and Pilten, with the capital in ], and the boundaries of the former governorate. ] was epected as the head of government, with ] and Wilhelm Rüdiger becoming hus advisers, and Georg Benedict von Engelhardt being appointed the ]. On 26 August, by the order of duke ], in Jelgava and ] were established French consulates. On 8 October, general ] was appointed as the ] of Courland.<ref name=r1/><ref name=r2/> On 1 August 1812, was issued a decree annoucing the formation of the Duchy of Courland, Semigallia and Pilten, with the capital in ], and the boundaries of the former governorate. ] was elected as the head of government, with ] and Wilhelm Rüdiger becoming his advisers, and Georg Benedict von Engelhardt being appointed the ]. On 26 August, by the order of duke ], in Jelgava and ] were established French consulates. On 8 October, general ] was appointed as the ] of Courland.<ref name=r1/><ref name=r2/>


On 28 November, marshal Macdonald received news of the retreat of Napoleon's main forces from Russia and ordered his troops to withdraw from Courland. He himself left on 5 December, while the French-appointed officials left on 5 December. The state ceased to exist on 20 December, with the departure of the French forces. Its territory was reincarnated into Russia as the Courland Governorate.<ref name=r1/><ref name=r2/> On 28 November, marshal Macdonald received news of the retreat of Napoleon's main forces from Russia and ordered his troops to withdraw from Courland. He himself left on 5 December, while the French-appointed officials left on 7 December. The state ceased to exist on 20 December, with the departure of the French forces. Its territory was reincorporated into Russia as the Courland Governorate.<ref name=r1/><ref name=r2/>


== Notes == == Notes ==
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Latest revision as of 21:50, 2 January 2025

Administrative body for Lithuania
Duchy of Courland, Semigallia and Pilten
  • Duché de Courlande, Semigallia et Piltene (French)
  • Herzogtum Kurland, Semgallen und Pilten (German)
  • Kurzemes, Zemgales un Piltenes hercogiste (Latvian)
1812–1812
of Duchy of Courland, Semigallia and Pilten Coat of arms
Map of Courland from 1820.Map of Courland from 1820.
StatusShort-lived unrecognized client state of the French Empire
CapitalJelgava
Common languagesGerman, Latvian, French
Demonym(s)Curonian
Governor-General 
• 1812 Jacques David Martin de Campredon
Head of Government 
• 1812 Karl Johann Friedrich von Medem
History 
• Established 1 August 1812
• Disestablished 20 December 1812
Preceded by Succeeded by
Russian Empire
Russian Empire
Today part ofLatvia

The Duchy of Courland, Semigallia and Pilten was a short-lived unrecognized client state of the First French Empire in the Baltics, mostly comprising Courland and Semigallia in modern-day Latvia. It was founded on 1 August 1812, during the French invasion of Russia, from the territory of the Courland Governorate, and existed until 20 December 1812. Its capital was set in Jelgava.

History

On 19 June 1812, during the French invasion of Russia, on the territories of modern-day Belarus and Lithuania occupied by the French troops, was founded the client state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. On 9 July 1812, emperor Napoleon Bonaparte declared in Vilnius hus intention of restoring historical Duchy of Courland and Semigallia and the Duchy of Livonia. On 18 July, the 10th Corps of the Great Army, commanded by marshal Étienne Macdonald, have occupied the town of Bauska, and the next day, it have deafted the Russian troops in the battle of Ekau. On 20 July, the administration of the Courland Governorate, including its governor Friedrich Wilhelm von Sivers, had fled the territory.

On 1 August 1812, was issued a decree annoucing the formation of the Duchy of Courland, Semigallia and Pilten, with the capital in Jelgava, and the boundaries of the former governorate. Karl Johann Friedrich von Medem was elected as the head of government, with Diedrich Ernst von Schöppingk and Wilhelm Rüdiger becoming his advisers, and Georg Benedict von Engelhardt being appointed the prosecutor. On 26 August, by the order of duke Hugues-Bernard Maret, in Jelgava and Liepāja were established French consulates. On 8 October, general Jacques David Martin de Campredon was appointed as the Governor-General of Courland.

On 28 November, marshal Macdonald received news of the retreat of Napoleon's main forces from Russia and ordered his troops to withdraw from Courland. He himself left on 5 December, while the French-appointed officials left on 7 December. The state ceased to exist on 20 December, with the departure of the French forces. Its territory was reincorporated into Russia as the Courland Governorate.

Notes

    • French: Duché de Courlande, Semigallia et Piltene
    • German: Herzogtum Kurland, Semgallen und Piltene
    • Latvian: Kurzemes, Zemgales un Piltenes hercogiste

References

  1. ^ "Kurzemes franču okupācija", in: Latviešu konversācijas vārdnīcas, vol. 10. Riga, 1934, p. 19127–19131. (in Latvian)
  2. ^ Arveds Švābe: Latvijas vēsture. Upsāla, 1958. (in Latvian)
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