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| {{Short description|Architectural element}} | |||
| {{in use}} | |||
| {{about|arches in a building|] terms|Arches of the foot|and|Aortic arch|and|Carpometacarpal joint}} | {{about|arches in a building|] terms|Arches of the foot|and|Aortic arch|and|Carpometacarpal joint}} | ||
| ]]] | ]]] | ||
| In ], a '''transverse arch''' is an ] in a ] that goes across the ]. A series of transverse arches sitting on tops of the columns on the sides of the ] was typical in the churches of ]. By analogy, the term is also used to describe the transverse ribs of a ] and for any crosswise arch in modern buildings.{{sfn|Davies|Jokiniemi|2008|p=391}} | In ], a '''transverse arch''' is an ] in a ] that goes across the ]. A series of transverse arches sitting on tops of the columns on the sides of the ] was typical in the churches of ] (common since ] times{{sfn|Hourihane|2012|p=132|loc=Transverse}}). By analogy, the term is also used to describe the transverse ribs of a ] and for any crosswise arch in modern buildings.{{sfn|Davies|Jokiniemi|2008|p=391}} An arc that goes in transverse direction, but carries an exposed wall on top, dividing the vault into compartments, is called a ].{{sfn|Hourihane|2012|p=132|loc=Transverse}} | ||
| In the historical buildings, the transverse arches provide ] for ]s and roof ridge beams. They also subdivide the nave into ].{{sfn|Bolis|Preti|Marini|Giuriani|2017|p=285}} The ] of the arch are typically pinned to supports using wooden or steel ], but the bulk of lateral ] is terminated in the ].{{sfn|Giuriani|Marini|Porteri|Preti|2009|p=4|loc=page numbers are for the online copy}} | In the historical buildings, the transverse arches provide ] for ]s and roof ridge beams. They also subdivide the nave into ].{{sfn|Bolis|Preti|Marini|Giuriani|2017|p=285}} The ] of the arch are typically pinned to supports using wooden or steel ], but the bulk of lateral ] is terminated in the ].{{sfn|Giuriani|Marini|Porteri|Preti|2009|p=4|loc=page numbers are for the online copy}} | ||
| <gallery> | <gallery> | ||
| File:Kerkplattegrond gordelboog en travee.png|The transverse arches are highlighted in green on a plan of a church | |||
| ⚫ | File:Abbaye de Fontenay-Eglise.jpg|Pointed barrel vault with transverse arches | ||
| File:Voûte en berceau Conques.JPG|Transverse arches in ] | |||
| ⚫ | File:Abbaye de Fontenay-Eglise.jpg|Pointed barrel vault with transverse arches (]) | ||
| File:Vezelay-Basilique-Nef.JPG|Groined vault with transverse arches | File:Vezelay-Basilique-Nef.JPG|Groined vault with transverse arches | ||
| File:Reims Cathedral, interior (4).jpg|] with transverse arches | File:Reims Cathedral, interior (4).jpg|] with transverse arches | ||
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| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| * ], |
* ], an arch parallel to the sides of the nave | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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| * {{cite book|last=Davies|first=N.|last2=Jokiniemi|first2=E.|title=Dictionary of Architecture and Building Construction|publisher=Elsevier/Architectural Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7506-8502-3|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4R2Sl_hbTwC&pg=PA391|access-date=2024-12-22|page=391|chapter=transverse arch}} | * {{cite book|last=Davies|first=N.|last2=Jokiniemi|first2=E.|title=Dictionary of Architecture and Building Construction|publisher=Elsevier/Architectural Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7506-8502-3|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4R2Sl_hbTwC&pg=PA391|access-date=2024-12-22|page=391|chapter=transverse arch}} | ||
| * {{cite journal|last=Giuriani|first=Ezio|last2=Marini|first2=Alessandra|last3=Porteri|first3=Claudia|last4=Preti|first4=Marco|title=Seismic Vulnerability for Churches in Association with Transverse Arch Rocking|journal=International Journal of Architectural Heritage|volume=3|issue=3|date=2009-04-28|issn=1558-3058|doi=10.1080/15583050802400240|pages=212–234|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marco-Preti/publication/245327395_Seismic_Vulnerability_for_Churches_in_Association_with_Transverse_Arch_Rocking}} | * {{cite journal|last=Giuriani|first=Ezio|last2=Marini|first2=Alessandra|last3=Porteri|first3=Claudia|last4=Preti|first4=Marco|title=Seismic Vulnerability for Churches in Association with Transverse Arch Rocking|journal=International Journal of Architectural Heritage|volume=3|issue=3|date=2009-04-28|issn=1558-3058|doi=10.1080/15583050802400240|pages=212–234|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marco-Preti/publication/245327395_Seismic_Vulnerability_for_Churches_in_Association_with_Transverse_Arch_Rocking}} | ||
| * {{cite book|last=Hourihane|first=C.|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|volume=1|year=2012|isbn=978-0-19-539536-5|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA131|access-date=2024-12-24|chapter=Arch|pages=129-134}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:26, 24 December 2024
Architectural element This article is about arches in a building. For anatomy terms, see Arches of the foot, Aortic arch, and Carpometacarpal joint.
In architecture, a transverse arch is an arch in a vaulted building that goes across the barrel vault. A series of transverse arches sitting on tops of the columns on the sides of the nave was typical in the churches of Romanesque architecture (common since Carolingian times). By analogy, the term is also used to describe the transverse ribs of a groined vault and for any crosswise arch in modern buildings. An arc that goes in transverse direction, but carries an exposed wall on top, dividing the vault into compartments, is called a diaphragm arch.
In the historical buildings, the transverse arches provide support for purlins and roof ridge beams. They also subdivide the nave into bays. The springings of the arch are typically pinned to supports using wooden or steel ties, but the bulk of lateral thrust is terminated in the abutments.
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The transverse arches are highlighted in green on a plan of a church
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Transverse arches in Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy
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Pointed barrel vault with transverse arches (Abbey of Fontenay)
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Groined vault with transverse arches
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Cross-ribbed vault with transverse arches
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Baroque vault with curved transverse arches (church at the Würzburg Residence)
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Baroque vault with curved transverse arches (church at the Banz Abbey)
.jpg)
See also
- Separating arch, an arch parallel to the sides of the nave
References
- ^ Hourihane 2012, p. 132, Transverse.
- Davies & Jokiniemi 2008, p. 391.
- Bolis et al. 2017, p. 285.
- Giuriani et al. 2009, p. 4, page numbers are for the online copy.
Sources
- Bolis, Valentino; Preti, Marco; Marini, Alessandra; Giuriani, Ezio (2017). "Experimental cyclic and dynamic in-plane rocking response of a masonry transverse arch typical of historical churches". Engineering Structures. 147: 285–296. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.05.058.
- Davies, N.; Jokiniemi, E. (2008). "transverse arch". Dictionary of Architecture and Building Construction. Elsevier/Architectural Press. p. 391. ISBN 978-0-7506-8502-3. Retrieved 2024-12-22.
- Giuriani, Ezio; Marini, Alessandra; Porteri, Claudia; Preti, Marco (2009-04-28). "Seismic Vulnerability for Churches in Association with Transverse Arch Rocking". International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 3 (3): 212–234. doi:10.1080/15583050802400240. ISSN 1558-3058.
- Hourihane, C. (2012). "Arch". The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. pp. 129–134. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5. Retrieved 2024-12-24.
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