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The '''battle of Puerto Lope''' or '''Disaster of Puerto Lope'''<ref>Jose Enrique, p. 185</ref> was a military engagement between the Granadan forces and the Castilian Crusaders who invaded Granada. The battle ended in victory for the Granadans and the destruction of the Crusader forces. The '''Battle of Puerto Lope''' or '''Disaster of Puerto Lope'''<ref>Jose Enrique, p. 185</ref> was a military engagement between the Granadan forces and the Castilian Crusaders who invaded Granada. The battle ended in victory for the Granadans and the destruction of the Crusader forces.

==Background== ==Background==
During the reign of ], he made peace with Castile. His successors, ] and ], preserved the peace.<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 39</ref> However, in 1394, the grandmaster of ], Martín Yáñez de Barbudo, was induced by a hermit called Juan del Sayo that if he fougth with Muhammad VII, he would win without any man dying. Martín prepared to attack Granada if the Sultan refused to acknowledge the Christian faith and denounce Islam. He dispatched two messengers to the king; however, they were arrested and mistreated.<ref>Jose Enrique, p. 184</ref><ref>Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171</ref><ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 39</ref> During the reign of ], he made peace with Castile. His successors, ] and ], preserved the peace.<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 39</ref> However, in 1394, the grandmaster of ], Martín Yáñez de Barbudo, was induced by a hermit called Juan del Sayo that if he fougth with Muhammad VII, he would win without any man dying. Martín prepared to attack Granada if the Sultan refused to acknowledge the Christian faith and denounce Islam. He dispatched two messengers to the Sultan; however, they were arrested and mistreated.<ref>Jose Enrique, p. 184</ref><ref>Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171</ref><ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 39</ref>


Seeing this, Martín gathered a force of 300 knights and 1,000 infantry. The Castilian king, ], attempted to dissuade Martín from going into expedition, seeing this would break the peace and that his force would be crushed. Martín refused.<ref>Jose Enrique, p. 184</ref><ref>Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171</ref><ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 39-40</ref> Martín set out to Cordoba, where he was dissuaded by the nobles of Cordoba, reminding him of the defeats suffered in ], ], and ]; he would also be crushed by a large force of Granadans.<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 40</ref><ref>Jose Enrique, p. 184</ref> Martín still refused to listen, and he was joined by inhabitants of Cordoba, number 5,000 infantry.<ref>Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171</ref> Seeing this, Martín gathered a force of 300 knights and 1,000 infantry. The Castilian king, ], attempted to dissuade Martín from going into expedition, seeing this would break the peace and that his force would be crushed. Martín refused.<ref>Jose Enrique, p. 184</ref><ref>Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171</ref><ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 39-40</ref> Martín set out to Cordoba, where he was dissuaded by the nobles of Cordoba, reminding him of the defeats suffered in ], ], and ]; he would also be crushed by a large force of Granadans.<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 40</ref><ref>Jose Enrique, p. 184</ref> Martín still refused to listen, and he was joined by inhabitants of Cordoba, number 5,000 infantry.<ref>Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171</ref>
==Battle== ==Battle==
In April 26, the Crusader force set out from ] and entered Granadan territory. The Crusaders saw the tower known as Torredel Exea. He tries to take it but is repelled: he is wounded and loses, in addition, three men at arms. Confused, he reminds Juan del Sayo that he had prophesied to him that no one would die in the enterprise. The hermit reiterated his promise, understanding that “this will be in battle. The Crusaders then retired to eat before setting fire to the tower with the wood they had gathered for this purpose.<ref>Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171</ref><ref>Jose Enrique, p. 185-186</ref> In April 26, the Crusader force set out from ] and entered Granadan territory. The Crusaders saw the tower known as Torredel Exea. He tries to take it but is repelled: he is wounded and loses, in addition, three men at arms. Confused, he reminds Juan del Sayo that he had prophesied to him that no one would die in the enterprise. The hermit reiterated his promise, understanding that "this will be in battle". The Crusaders then retired to eat before setting fire to the tower with the wood they had gathered for this purpose.<ref>Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171</ref><ref>Jose Enrique, p. 185-186</ref>


Meanwhile, the Granadan Sultan had gathered a large army, according to chronicles, numbering 5,000 knights and 120,000 infantry, which is gross exaggeration. The Sultan gathered all men between the ages of 16 and 80 to face the Crusaders. The Crusaders were taken by surprise and surrounded. The Crusaders fought with arrows, thunder, slings, and darts until they were all killed, including the master. The Crusaders lost all cavalry and 2,300 infantry. An additional 1,200 men were taken captives. Only 1,500 survived the battle. The Granadans lost 500 infantry in the battle.<ref>Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171</ref><ref>Jose Enrique, p. 186</ref><ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 40</ref> Meanwhile, the Granadan Sultan had gathered a large army, according to chronicles, numbering 5,000 knights and 120,000 infantry, which is gross exaggeration. The Sultan gathered all men between the ages of 16 and 80 to face the Crusaders. The Crusaders were taken by surprise and surrounded. The Crusaders fought with arrows, thunder, slings, and darts until they were all killed, including the master. The Crusaders lost all cavalry and 2,300 infantry. An additional 1,200 men were taken captives. Only 1,500 survived the battle. The Granadans lost 500 infantry in the battle.<ref>Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171</ref><ref>Jose Enrique, p. 186</ref><ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 40</ref>
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] ]
==Sources== ==Sources==
*Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2014), The Last Crusade in the West, Castile and the Conquest of Granada. *Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2014), ''The Last Crusade in the West: Castile and the Conquest of Granada''.


*Juan de Mata Carriazo (2002), En la frontera de Granada. *Juan de Mata Carriazo (2002), ''En la frontera de Granada''.


*Jose Enrique Lopez de Coca Castaneer (2014), the Private Crusade of a Master of the Order of Alcantara (1394) . *Jose Enrique Lopez de Coca Castaneer (2014), ''La cruzada particular de un maestre de la Orden de Alcántara'' (1394) .

Latest revision as of 22:15, 23 December 2024

Disaster of Puerto Lope
Part of the Spanish Reconquista

The location of Puerto Lope
Date26 April 1394
LocationPuerto Lope, near Granada
Result Granadan victory
Belligerents
Kingdom of Castile
Order of Calatrava		 Emirate of Granada
Commanders and leaders
Martín Yáñez de Barbudo † Muhammad VII of Granada
Strength
6,300 men 5,000 knights
120,000 infantry (exaggeration)
Casualties and losses
3,600 killed
1,200 captured
1,500 escaped		 500 killed
Battles in the Reconquista
8th century
9th century
10th century
11th century
12th century
13th century
14th century
15th century
Post-Reconquista Rebellions
North Africa

The Battle of Puerto Lope or Disaster of Puerto Lope was a military engagement between the Granadan forces and the Castilian Crusaders who invaded Granada. The battle ended in victory for the Granadans and the destruction of the Crusader forces.

Background

During the reign of Muhammad V of Granada, he made peace with Castile. His successors, Yusuf II and Muhammad VII, preserved the peace. However, in 1394, the grandmaster of Order of Calatrava, Martín Yáñez de Barbudo, was induced by a hermit called Juan del Sayo that if he fougth with Muhammad VII, he would win without any man dying. Martín prepared to attack Granada if the Sultan refused to acknowledge the Christian faith and denounce Islam. He dispatched two messengers to the Sultan; however, they were arrested and mistreated.

Seeing this, Martín gathered a force of 300 knights and 1,000 infantry. The Castilian king, Henry III, attempted to dissuade Martín from going into expedition, seeing this would break the peace and that his force would be crushed. Martín refused. Martín set out to Cordoba, where he was dissuaded by the nobles of Cordoba, reminding him of the defeats suffered in 1280, 1319, and 1362; he would also be crushed by a large force of Granadans. Martín still refused to listen, and he was joined by inhabitants of Cordoba, number 5,000 infantry.

Battle

In April 26, the Crusader force set out from Alcalá la Real and entered Granadan territory. The Crusaders saw the tower known as Torredel Exea. He tries to take it but is repelled: he is wounded and loses, in addition, three men at arms. Confused, he reminds Juan del Sayo that he had prophesied to him that no one would die in the enterprise. The hermit reiterated his promise, understanding that "this will be in battle". The Crusaders then retired to eat before setting fire to the tower with the wood they had gathered for this purpose.

Meanwhile, the Granadan Sultan had gathered a large army, according to chronicles, numbering 5,000 knights and 120,000 infantry, which is gross exaggeration. The Sultan gathered all men between the ages of 16 and 80 to face the Crusaders. The Crusaders were taken by surprise and surrounded. The Crusaders fought with arrows, thunder, slings, and darts until they were all killed, including the master. The Crusaders lost all cavalry and 2,300 infantry. An additional 1,200 men were taken captives. Only 1,500 survived the battle. The Granadans lost 500 infantry in the battle.

Aftermath

The ill-fated battle raised concerns of a new upcoming war with Castile. Rumors spread that the Granadans were preparing an invasion of Valencia. King Henry insisted on peaceful relations while also preparing for any upcoming war. Muhammad decreed he would observe the truce, and in November he asked for an extension.

References

  1. Jose Enrique, p. 185
  2. Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 39
  3. Jose Enrique, p. 184
  4. Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171
  5. Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 39
  6. Jose Enrique, p. 184
  7. Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171
  8. Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 39-40
  9. Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 40
  10. Jose Enrique, p. 184
  11. Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171
  12. Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171
  13. Jose Enrique, p. 185-186
  14. Juan de Mata Carriazo, p. 171
  15. Jose Enrique, p. 186
  16. Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 40
  17. Joseph F. O'Callaghan, p. 40-41

Sources

  • Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2014), The Last Crusade in the West: Castile and the Conquest of Granada.
  • Juan de Mata Carriazo (2002), En la frontera de Granada.
  • Jose Enrique Lopez de Coca Castaneer (2014), La cruzada particular de un maestre de la Orden de Alcántara (1394) .
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