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| {{Infobox Biography | |||
| Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Misplaced Pages article at ]; see its history for attribution. | |||
| | honorific_suffix = Lawyer | |||
| | image = Georges Calzant.jpg | |||
| | spouse = Marguerite Lemoine | |||
| | awards = ] | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Georges Calzant''' (born September 24, 1897, in ], died June 28, 1962, in ]) was a ], ], and royalist activist affiliated with the ] movement. | |||
| == Biography == | |||
| === Early Life === | |||
| Calzant was the son of two teachers, Ernest Calzant and Héloïse Gatien. His classmate ] introduced him to the works of '']'' during his studies at the ] in Tours.<ref>{{Cite book|language=fr|author=Duc de Brissac|title=En d'autres temps|publisher=Grasset|date=2003-05-08|isbn=978-2-246-79850-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o9rFiSNljx8C&pg=PT111|access-date=2022-03-19}}</ref> After completing his education, Calzant enlisted on August 2, 1914.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Matricule 2145, Register of ''Georges Marie Ernest Calzant,'' Tours |url=https://archives.touraine.fr/ark:/37621/f7wjrh81vxlz/2107a546-eb0a-4d18-afd1-859cb5c12d8d |website=archives.touraine.fr |access-date=2022-03-19}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|language=fr|author=Thomas Roman|chapter=Georges Calzant (1897–1962)|title=Lettres à Charles Maurras: Amitiés politiques, lettres autographes, 1898–1952|publisher=Presses universitaires du Septentrion|date=2020-10-16|isbn=978-2-7574-2124-6|url=http://books.openedition.org/septentrion/39432|access-date=2022-03-19}}</ref> He was awarded the ] and suffered injuries during World War I. | |||
| === Early Career at Action Française === | |||
| After the war, Calzant earned a law degree and an advanced economics diploma from the École libre des sciences politiques.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|language=fr|author=Gilles Le Béguec|chapter=The Legal Profession and Action Française|title=L'Action française: culture, société, politique|publisher=Presses universitaires du Septentrion|date=2019-05-10|isbn=978-2-7574-2123-9|url=http://books.openedition.org/septentrion/39213|access-date=2022-03-19}}</ref> He joined the bar in 1921 and became involved with the ], serving as its secretary in 1924. | |||
| === Interwar Activities === | |||
| During the ] in 1925, Calzant led student protests against international law professor Georges Scelle, culminating in Scelle's resignation on April 11, 1925.<ref name=":1" /> Calzant also disrupted socialist and pacifist gatherings, leading to notable altercations.<ref>{{Cite book|language=fr|author=Jean-François Sirinelli|title=Génération intellectuelle: Khâgneux et Normaliens dans l'entre-deux-guerres|publisher=Fayard|date=2014-04-01|isbn=978-2-213-65368-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-x2FRI2hlwC&pg=PT217|access-date=2022-03-19}}</ref> | |||
| In the 1930s, Calzant became a prominent Action Française leader, collaborating on legal cases and managing campaigns.<ref name=":1" /> He was secretary general of the ] from 1932 to 1936.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
| Despite his active role, Calzant was criticized for his leadership style and perceived ineffectiveness. Dissatisfaction among members was formalized in a memorandum submitted in 1935.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Anne-Catherine Schmidt-Trimborn|title=La Ligue d'Action Française (1905–1936): Organizations, Locations, and Practices|publisher=Université de Lorraine|date=2017|url=https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01760400/document|access-date=2022-03-19}}</ref> | |||
| === World War II and Occupation === | |||
| During the ], Calzant relocated to Lyon with Charles Maurras, where they supported the ] through publications.<ref name=":0" /> He reportedly served as an intermediary between Maurras and Marshal ], conveying criticism of ] and Nazi policies.<ref>{{Cite book|language=fr|author=Stéphane Giocanti|title=Charles Maurras: le chaos et l'ordre|publisher=Flammarion|date=2011-08-23|isbn=978-2-08-127389-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EYLC--aUBfYC&pg=PT461|access-date=2022-03-19}}</ref> In 1944, he was arrested by the Gestapo and imprisoned at ] until July.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| === Postwar Activities === | |||
| With the dissolution of '']'' post-Liberation, Calzant founded '']'' in 1947 to uphold ] and monarchist ideals. He also launched the ''],'' a quarterly review he directed for 15 years. | |||
| Calzant died on June 28, 1962, at a surgical clinic in ]. | |||
| == Personal Life == | |||
| Calzant married painter Marguerite Lemoine on October 16, 1929. | |||
| == Honors == | |||
| * ] | |||
| == Archives == | |||
| Personal papers are preserved at the ] in Pierrefitte-sur-Seine under code 596AP. | |||
| == References == | |||
| <references /> | |||
| {{Portal|French politics|journalism}} | |||
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| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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Latest revision as of 22:12, 24 December 2024
| Georges CalzantLawyer | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Spouse | Marguerite Lemoine |
| Awards | Croix de guerre 1914-1918 |
Georges Calzant (born September 24, 1897, in Saint-Martin-le-Beau, died June 28, 1962, in Issy-les-Moulineaux) was a lawyer, journalist, and royalist activist affiliated with the Action Française movement.
Biography
Early Life
Calzant was the son of two teachers, Ernest Calzant and Héloïse Gatien. His classmate Pierre de Cossé Brissac introduced him to the works of L'Action française during his studies at the Lycée Descartes in Tours. After completing his education, Calzant enlisted on August 2, 1914. He was awarded the Croix de guerre and suffered injuries during World War I.
Early Career at Action Française
After the war, Calzant earned a law degree and an advanced economics diploma from the École libre des sciences politiques. He joined the bar in 1921 and became involved with the Fédération nationale des étudiants d'Action française, serving as its secretary in 1924.
Interwar Activities
During the Scelle Affair in 1925, Calzant led student protests against international law professor Georges Scelle, culminating in Scelle's resignation on April 11, 1925. Calzant also disrupted socialist and pacifist gatherings, leading to notable altercations.
In the 1930s, Calzant became a prominent Action Française leader, collaborating on legal cases and managing campaigns. He was secretary general of the Fédération nationale des Camelots du roi from 1932 to 1936.
Despite his active role, Calzant was criticized for his leadership style and perceived ineffectiveness. Dissatisfaction among members was formalized in a memorandum submitted in 1935.
World War II and Occupation
During the Occupation of France, Calzant relocated to Lyon with Charles Maurras, where they supported the Vichy regime through publications. He reportedly served as an intermediary between Maurras and Marshal Philippe Pétain, conveying criticism of Pierre Laval and Nazi policies. In 1944, he was arrested by the Gestapo and imprisoned at Montluc Prison until July.
Postwar Activities
With the dissolution of L'Action française post-Liberation, Calzant founded Aspects de la France in 1947 to uphold Maurrassism and monarchist ideals. He also launched the Cahiers Charles Maurras, a quarterly review he directed for 15 years.
Calzant died on June 28, 1962, at a surgical clinic in Issy-les-Moulineaux.
Personal Life
Calzant married painter Marguerite Lemoine on October 16, 1929.
Honors
Archives
Personal papers are preserved at the Archives Nationales in Pierrefitte-sur-Seine under code 596AP. View the inventory
References
- Duc de Brissac (2003-05-08). En d'autres temps (in French). Grasset. ISBN 978-2-246-79850-7. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
- "Matricule 2145, Register of Georges Marie Ernest Calzant, Tours". archives.touraine.fr. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
- ^ Thomas Roman (2020-10-16). "Georges Calzant (1897–1962)". Lettres à Charles Maurras: Amitiés politiques, lettres autographes, 1898–1952 (in French). Presses universitaires du Septentrion. ISBN 978-2-7574-2124-6. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
- ^ Gilles Le Béguec (2019-05-10). "The Legal Profession and Action Française". L'Action française: culture, société, politique (in French). Presses universitaires du Septentrion. ISBN 978-2-7574-2123-9. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
- Jean-François Sirinelli (2014-04-01). Génération intellectuelle: Khâgneux et Normaliens dans l'entre-deux-guerres (in French). Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-65368-6. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
- Anne-Catherine Schmidt-Trimborn (2017). La Ligue d'Action Française (1905–1936): Organizations, Locations, and Practices. Université de Lorraine. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
- Stéphane Giocanti (2011-08-23). Charles Maurras: le chaos et l'ordre (in French). Flammarion. ISBN 978-2-08-127389-4. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
