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{{short description|German folksong}} {{short description|German folksong}}

{{Infobox song {{Infobox song
| name = Das Todaustreiben | name = Das Todaustreiben
| language = German | language = German
| English_title = Driving out Death | English_title = Driving out Death
| image =Das Todaustreiben (Lied aus Des Knaben Wunderhorn, I, 1806, S. 106).png | image = Das Todaustreiben (Lied aus Des Knaben Wunderhorn, I, 1806, S. 106).png
| caption = The page from "Des Knaben Wunderhorn" (1806, I) with the text of the song | caption = '']'' (1806, I) with the text of the song
| genre = ] | genre = ]
| writer = Traditional | writer = Traditional
| published = not later than 1570 | published = not later than 1570
}} }}
"'''{{lang|de|Das Todaustreiben |italic=no}}'''" (Driving out Death) is an old German song named after a folk custom of {{lang|de|{{ill|Todaustragen|de}}}} from the ].

"'''{{lang|de|Das Todaustreiben |italic=no}}'''" (Driving out Death) is an old German song named after a folk {{ill|Driving out Death|lt=wont|de|Todaustragen}} from the ].


==History== ==History==
The first time the song had been mentioned in the sources is not later than 1570. It was included in volume 1 of '']'' (DKW), an 1806 German folklore collection. An older Protestant song underlies the version published by ] and ].<ref name="dkw1">{{cite book | last=Rieser | first=Ferdinand|author-link=:de:Ferdinand Rieser| title="Des Knaben Wunderhorn" und seine Quellen | publisher={{ill|Friedrich Wilhelm Ruhfus|de}}|location=Dortmund| year=1908|url=https://archive.org/details/desknabenwunderh00riesuoft/page/n5/mode/2up|via=]|language=de|page=}}</ref>
First time the song had been mentioned in the sources not later
than 1570. It was included into "]" (DKW, a
German folklore collection, 1806, '''I'''). An older Protestant song
underlies the version published by ] and ].<ref name="dkw1">{{cite book | last=Rieser | first=F. | title="Des Knaben Wunderhorn" und seine Quellen | publisher=Рипол Классик| year=1907 | isbn=978-5-88154-005-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=600VAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 | language=de |archivedate = 2018-07-07
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180707090859/https://books.google.ru/books?id=600VAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA125&dq=%22ewigkeit%22+wunderhorn&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiO1tnqobjbAhWZnoMKHaKlBbg4ChDoAQgnMAE#v=onepage&q=%22ewigkeit%22%20wunderhorn&f=false| access-date=2024-12-08 | page=125}}</ref>

As wrote a researcher of DKW, its authors cleant their text from any
confessional features. The poets left all original verses save the last one which contains a Protestant prayer.<ref name="dkw1"/>


According to a contributor to DKW, the editors removed any ] features from their version of the text. The poets left all original verses save the last one which contains a Protestant prayer.<ref name="dkw1"/>
==Inwit of the Christian and Pagan traditions==
].]]
The song is based on an old Pagan wont of ''Driving out Death''.
The Christians considered the latter as ], who was to be
oust, to free the way for the ].<ref name="intp">{{cite book | last=Russell | first=P. | title=The Themes of the German Lied from Mozart to Strauss | publisher= | series=Studies in the history and interpretation of music | year=2002 | isbn=978-0-88946-426-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i60UAQAAIAAJ | access-date=2024-12-08 |archivedate=2018-07-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707062516/https://books.google.ru/books?hl=ru&id=i60UAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22todaustreiben%22+wunderhorn&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22todaustreiben%22| page=}}</ref>


==Christian and pagan traditions==
That holiday has been held in many lands (such as ], ], ]) for ages.<ref name="m273">{{cite book | last=Schem | first=A.J. | title=Deutsch-amerikanisches conversations-lexikon: Mit specieller rücksicht auf das bedürfniss der in Amerika lebenden deutschen ... | publisher=F. Gerhard | year=1874 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0HpMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA356 | language=de | access-date=2024-12-08 | page=356}}</ref> The wont of ''Driving out Death'' (also known as ''Driving out Winter'') meant the struggle against Winter and the following awakening of Earth in Spring.<ref name="b124">{{cite book | last=Frazer | first=J.G. | title=The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion | publisher=Cambridge University Press | series=Cambridge Library Collection - Classics | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-108-04752-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srLbIE1gw8IC&pg=PA276 | access-date=2024-12-08 | pages=271–276}}</ref>
].]]
The song is based on an old pagan custom of ''Driving out Death''. This custom has long been traditional in many parts of Germany (such as ], ], ]).<ref>{{cite book | last=Schem | first=Alexander Jacob|author-link=Alexander Jacob Schem| title=Deutsch-amerikanisches Conversations-Lexikon: Mit specieller Rücksicht auf das Bedürfniß der in Amerika lebenden Deutschen ... | publisher=E. Steiger| year=1874|location=New York| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0HpMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA356 | language=de | access-date=2024-12-08 | page=356}}</ref> Christians considered death to be the ], who was to be banished, to free the way for the ].<ref>{{cite book | last=Russell | first=Peter| title=The Themes of the German Lied from Mozart to Strauss | publisher=Edwin Mellen Press| series=Studies in the history and interpretation of music, vol. 84| year=2002 | isbn=978-0-88946-426-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i60UAQAAIAAJ | access-date=2024-12-08|pages=}}</ref> This custom of ''Driving out Death'' (also known as ''Driving out Winter'') represented the struggle against Winter and the subsequent awakening of Earth in Spring.<ref>{{cite book | last=Frazer | first=James George|author-link=James George Frazer| title=The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion | publisher=Cambridge University Press | series=Cambridge Library Collection – Classics | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-108-04752-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srLbIE1gw8IC&pg=PA276 | access-date=2024-12-08 | pages=271–276}}</ref>


== Words == == Words ==
<poem lang="de" style="float:left;">&nbsp;
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German
! English
|-
|<poem>
So treiben wir den Winter aus, So treiben wir den Winter aus,
Durch unsre Stadt zum Tor hinaus, Durch unsre Stadt zum Tor hinaus,
Line 58: Line 42:
Wer ist's, der das gelehret? Wer ist's, der das gelehret?
Gott ist's, der hat's bescheret.</poem> Gott ist's, der hat's bescheret.</poem>
<poem style="margin-left:1em; float:left;">&nbsp;
|<poem>
Thus, we drive the winter out,
Drive out Winter with her hate,
Through our city and out the gate,
With his deceit and cunning,
The real Antichrist.

We oust him from mountain and valley,
So that he falls to his death,
And may deceive us no more
With his late gusts.

And now Death leaves the field,
So far and wide the Summer dreams,
He dreams in May
Of little flowers of many kinds.

The flower sprouts through the divine word
And points to a much more beautiful place.
Who is it, who orders this?
God it is, who has granted it.</poem>
<poem style="margin-left:1em; float:left;">'''Poetic translation'''
Drive out Winter with her{{dubious|date=December 2024|reason=Where in English is Winter female?}} hate,
Drive out from the town gate, Drive out from the town gate,
With all her wiles and twisters, With all her wiles and twisters,
Line 72: Line 76:
And now Summer spreads the wings, And now Summer spreads the wings,
While dreaming of the blossom While dreaming of the blossom
In May, still mud and earthen. In May, still mud and earthen.{{dubious|date=December 2024|reason=Where in the German text is 'mud and earthen'?}}


By th'word of God, the summer bloom By th'word of God, the summer bloom
Could climb a stone in the gloom. Could climb a stone in the gloom.
Who has that sprout risen? Who has that sprout risen?
The Lord, the Earth to brighten.<ref>{{Cite Wikisource|author=S. Pavlov|title=Das Todaustreiben}}</ref></poem>{{clear|left}} The Lord, the Earth to brighten.{{dubious|date=December 2024|reason=This stanza has almost no relation to the German text.}}<ref>{{Cite Wikisource|translator=Sergey Pavlov|wslink=Das Todaustreiben|title=Das Todaustreiben / Driving out Death|year=2024|work=Des Knaben Wunderhorn|orig-year=1806|editor1=]|editor2=]}}</ref></poem>{{clear|left}}
|}


==Melody==
<score sound raw>
\header {tagline = ##f }
\layout { indent = 0 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \context { \Score \remove "Bar_number_engraver" } }

global = { \key d \dorian \time 6/4 \partial 4 }

kords = \chordmode { \set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic guitar (nylon)"
\global % \set chordChanges = ##t
s4 | d,2.:m\ppp e,:m | a,:m d,:m
a,2:m e,4:m c,2 g,4 |
a,2:m e,4:m a,2.:m |
g, e,:m | a,:m d,:m |
d,:m f, | a,:m d,2:m \bar "|."
}
% Alternative chords:
kordsxx = \chordmode { \set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic guitar (nylon)"
\global \set chordChanges = ##t
s4 | d,2.:m\pp g, | d,:m d,:m
d,:m c, | f, d,:m |
g, e,:m | a,:m d,:m |
f, d,:m | a,:m d,2:m \bar "|."
}

sopranoVoice = \relative c' { \global
d4 | a'2 a4 g2 g4 | a2 a4 d,2
d4 | a'2 g4 c2 b4 | a2 g4 a2
a4 | d2 d4 b2 b4 | c2. a2
d,4 f2 g4 a2 g4 | f4 (e2) d2 \bar "|."
}

altoVoice = \relative c' { \global
d4 | f2 d4 e2 c4 | f2 e4 d2
c4 |b2 d4 e2 g4 | f2 e4 d2
e4 | f2 d4 g2 e4 | a2 (g4)f2
f4 | d2 c4 f2 c4 | d4 (a \tempo 2. = 48 b8 c) \tempo 2. = 33 d2 \bar "|."
}

verse = \lyricmode {
So trei -- ben wir den Win -- ter aus,
durch uns -- re Stadt zum Tor hin -- aus,
mit sein' Be -- trug und Lis -- ten,
den rech -- ten An -- ti -- chris -- ten.
}

\score {
<<
\new ChordNames \kords
\new Staff \with { midiInstrument = "clarinet" }
<<
\new Voice = "soprano" { \voiceOne \sopranoVoice }
\new Voice { \voiceTwo \altoVoice }
>>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "soprano" \verse
>>
\layout { }
\midi {
\tempo 2.=69
}
}
</score>
==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{ChoralWiki|So treiben wir den Winter aus (Traditional)|"So treiben wir den Winter aus"|prep=of}}
* , lieder-archiv.de (in German)


] ]

Latest revision as of 15:52, 31 December 2024

German folksong
"Das Todaustreiben"
Des Knaben Wunderhorn (1806, I) with the text of the song
Song
LanguageGerman
English titleDriving out Death
Publishednot later than 1570
GenreFolk
Songwriter(s)Traditional

"Das Todaustreiben" (Driving out Death) is an old German song named after a folk custom of Todaustragen [de] from the Middle Ages.

History

The first time the song had been mentioned in the sources is not later than 1570. It was included in volume 1 of Des Knaben Wunderhorn (DKW), an 1806 German folklore collection. An older Protestant song underlies the version published by Achim von Arnim and Clemens Brentano.

According to a contributor to DKW, the editors removed any denomational features from their version of the text. The poets left all original verses save the last one which contains a Protestant prayer.

Christian and pagan traditions

The folk custom of Driving out Death in Moravia.

The song is based on an old pagan custom of Driving out Death. This custom has long been traditional in many parts of Germany (such as Silesia, Thuringia, Franconia). Christians considered death to be the Antichrist, who was to be banished, to free the way for the Saviour. This custom of Driving out Death (also known as Driving out Winter) represented the struggle against Winter and the subsequent awakening of Earth in Spring.

Words

 
So treiben wir den Winter aus,
Durch unsre Stadt zum Tor hinaus,
Mit sein' Betrug und Listen,
Den rechten Antichristen.

Wir stürzen ihn von Berg und Tal,
Damit er sich zu Tode fall',
Und uns nicht mehr betrüge
Durch seine späten Züge.

Und nun der Tod das Feld geräumt,
So weit und breit der Sommer träumt,
Er träumet in dem Maien
Von Blümlein mancherleien.

Die Blume sproßt aus göttlich Wort
Und deutet auf viel schönern Ort,
Wer ist's, der das gelehret?
Gott ist's, der hat's bescheret.

 
Thus, we drive the winter out,
Through our city and out the gate,
With his deceit and cunning,
The real Antichrist.

We oust him from mountain and valley,
So that he falls to his death,
And may deceive us no more
With his late gusts.

And now Death leaves the field,
So far and wide the Summer dreams,
He dreams in May
Of little flowers of many kinds.

The flower sprouts through the divine word
And points to a much more beautiful place.
Who is it, who orders this?
God it is, who has granted it.

Poetic translation
Drive out Winter with her hate,
Drive out from the town gate,
With all her wiles and twisters,
True Antichrist and trickster.

We hunted her by hill and dale,
To make the robber breathe away:
Thou canst no longer swindle
With all thy frosts and windfalls!

And now Death has left the fields,
And now Summer spreads the wings,
While dreaming of the blossom
In May, still mud and earthen.

By th'word of God, the summer bloom
Could climb a stone in the gloom.
Who has that sprout risen?
The Lord, the Earth to brighten.

Melody

\header {tagline = ##f } \layout { indent = 0 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \context { \Score \remove "Bar_number_engraver" } } global = { \key d \dorian \time 6/4 \partial 4 } kords = \chordmode { \set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic guitar (nylon)" \global % \set chordChanges = ##t s4 | d,2.:m\ppp e,:m | a,:m d,:m a,2:m e,4:m c,2 g,4 | a,2:m e,4:m a,2.:m | g, e,:m | a,:m d,:m | d,:m f, | a,:m d,2:m \bar "|." } % Alternative chords: kordsxx = \chordmode { \set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic guitar (nylon)" \global \set chordChanges = ##t s4 | d,2.:m\pp g, | d,:m d,:m d,:m c, | f, d,:m | g, e,:m | a,:m d,:m | f, d,:m | a,:m d,2:m \bar "|." } sopranoVoice = \relative c' { \global d4 | a'2 a4 g2 g4 | a2 a4 d,2 d4 | a'2 g4 c2 b4 | a2 g4 a2 a4 | d2 d4 b2 b4 | c2. a2 d,4 f2 g4 a2 g4 | f4 (e2) d2 \bar "|." } altoVoice = \relative c' { \global d4 | f2 d4 e2 c4 | f2 e4 d2 c4 |b2 d4 e2 g4 | f2 e4 d2 e4 | f2 d4 g2 e4 | a2 (g4)f2 f4 | d2 c4 f2 c4 | d4 (a \tempo 2. = 48 b8 c) \tempo 2. = 33 d2 \bar "|." } verse = \lyricmode { So trei -- ben wir den Win -- ter aus, durch uns -- re Stadt zum Tor hin -- aus, mit sein' Be -- trug und Lis -- ten, den rech -- ten An -- ti -- chris -- ten. } \score { << \new ChordNames \kords \new Staff \with { midiInstrument = "clarinet" } << \new Voice = "soprano" { \voiceOne \sopranoVoice } \new Voice { \voiceTwo \altoVoice } >> \new Lyrics \lyricsto "soprano" \verse >> \layout { } \midi { \tempo 2.=69 } }

References

  1. ^ Rieser, Ferdinand (1908). "Des Knaben Wunderhorn" und seine Quellen (in German). Dortmund: Friedrich Wilhelm Ruhfus [de]. p. 125 – via Internet Archive.
  2. Schem, Alexander Jacob (1874). Deutsch-amerikanisches Conversations-Lexikon: Mit specieller Rücksicht auf das Bedürfniß der in Amerika lebenden Deutschen ... (in German). New York: E. Steiger. p. 356. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
  3. Russell, Peter (2002). The Themes of the German Lied from Mozart to Strauss. Studies in the history and interpretation of music, vol. 84. Edwin Mellen Press. pp. 208, 223. ISBN 978-0-88946-426-1. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
  4. Frazer, James George (2012). The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion. Cambridge Library Collection – Classics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 271–276. ISBN 978-1-108-04752-4. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
  5. Achim von Arnim; Clemens Brentano, eds. (2024) . "Das Todaustreiben / Driving out Death" . Des Knaben Wunderhorn. Translated by Sergey Pavlov – via Wikisource.

External links

Categories: