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{{Short description|Estate that belonged to a former Colombian drug lord}} | {{Short description|Estate that belonged to a former Colombian drug lord}} | ||
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{{Medellin Cartel}} | {{Medellin Cartel}} | ||
'''Posada Alemana''' (] for "German Inn" or "German Lodge") was a hotel complex built and owned by Colombian former drug lord ], located on the road that connects the cities of ], to the north {{convert|17,5|km|mi|abbr=on}}, and ] {{convert|28,4|km²|sqmi|abbr=on}}, and close to the road that goes to the town of ] {{convert|8,8|km²|sqmi|abbr=on}}, ], ]. And {{convert|296.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of ]. The estate covers about {{convert|64.137|km²|sqmi|abbr=on}} of land.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=La Posada Alemana |trans-title=The German Inn |url=https://www.cronicadelquindio.com/opinion/opinion/la-posada-alemana |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=Cronica del Quindio |date=4 July 2016 |location=Armenia, Quindio |language=es-ES}}</ref> Following Lehder's capture in 1987, the Inn was subject to looting, abandonment and expropriation by the Colombian government. Today it is an ecological park owned by the government of the department of Qundío.<ref>{{ |
'''Posada Alemana''' (] for "German Inn" or "German Lodge") was a hotel complex built and owned by Colombian former drug lord ], located on the road that connects the cities of ], to the north {{convert|17,5|km|mi|abbr=on}}, and ] {{convert|28,4|km²|sqmi|abbr=on}}, and close to the road that goes to the town of ] {{convert|8,8|km²|sqmi|abbr=on}}, ], ]. And {{convert|296.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of ]. The estate covers about {{convert|64.137|km²|sqmi|abbr=on}} of land.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=La Posada Alemana |trans-title=The German Inn |url=https://www.cronicadelquindio.com/opinion/opinion/la-posada-alemana |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=Cronica del Quindio |date=4 July 2016 |location=Armenia, Quindio |language=es-ES}}</ref> Following Lehder's capture in 1987, the Inn was subject to looting, abandonment and expropriation by the Colombian government. Today it is an ecological park owned by the government of the department of Qundío.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |title=La Posada Alemana ya pertenece al gobierno del Quindío |trans-title=The German Inn now belongs to the Quindío government |url=https://elquindiano.com/noticia/133840/la-posada-alemana-ya-pertenece-al-gobierno-del-quindio/ |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=El Quindiano |publisher=El Quindiano SAS |date=12 May 2022 |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite news |last1=Rios Monroy |first1=Julian Camilo |title=Posada Alemana y otros bienes se convertirán en proyectos turísticos |trans-title=Posada Alemana and other properties will become tourist projects |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/conflicto-y-narcotrafico/posada-alemana-y-otros-bienes-se-convertiran-en-proyectos-turisticos-472070 |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=El Tiempo |publisher=Casa Editorial El Tiempo SA (CEET) |date=12 March 2020 |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite news |last1=Sastre García |first1=Germán |title=Posada alemana se convirtió en completo turístico en Quindío |trans-title=Posada Alemana: from a drug trafficking icon to a tourist complex in Quindío |url=https://www.rcnradio.com/colombia/eje-cafetero/posada-alemana-de-icono-del-narcotrafico-complejo-turistico-en-quindio |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=RCN Radio (rcnradio.com) |publisher=Radio Cadenal Nacional SAS |date=12 March 2020 |language=es}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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===Background=== | ===Background=== | ||
After his return to Colombia, Carlos Lehder, a native of Armenia, had returned to Colombia from ], acting as an investor businessman who was bringing development and well-being to the department of Quindío. The Inn was built built on an old ] track in 1981 and opened in 1982 in honor of his father's eponymous property that had been closed by the government of president ] as one of its measures against the ] and its migrants in Colombia in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.univision.com/especiales/noticias/2020/carloslehder/guillermo-lehder.html| |
After his return to Colombia, Carlos Lehder, a native of Armenia, had returned to Colombia from ], acting as an investor businessman who was bringing development and well-being to the department of Quindío. The Inn was built built on an old ] track in 1981 and opened in 1982 in honor of his father's eponymous property that had been closed by the government of president ] as one of its measures against the ] and its migrants in Colombia in ].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last1=Reyes |first1=Gerardo |title=Carlos Lehder: Bonanza y ruina del capo que hizo a Escobar - Guillermo Lehder: El padre de Lehder |trans-title=Carlos Lehder: Bonanza and ruin of the boss who made Escobar - Guillermo Lehder: Lehder's father |url=https://www.univision.com/especiales/noticias/2020/carloslehder/guillermo-lehder.html |access-date=20 December 2024 |website=Univision (www.univision.com) |date=2020 |language=es}}</ref> | ||
===Rise=== | ===Rise=== | ||
The hotel staff was trained by ], which sent instructors to the regional headquarters of the department, although they did not always work at the inn as they tended to steal various items. Lehder used to hold parties where he hired film crews.<ref>{{ |
The hotel staff was trained by ], which sent instructors to the regional headquarters of the department, although they did not always work at the inn as they tended to steal various items. Lehder used to hold parties where he hired film crews.<ref name=":6">{{cite news |last1=Figueroa Arias |first1=David Alejandro |title=Especial: Recordando La Posada Alemana, parte II |trans-title=Special: Remembering the German Inn, part II |url=https://www.cronicadelquindio.com/noticias/region/especial-recordando-la-posada-alemana-parte-ii |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=Cronica del Quindio |agency=The Chronicle |date=31 October 2018 |language=es-ES}}</ref> | ||
The Inn had several Swiss-style cabins, a wine bar, a cage with ]s, another cage with ]s and another with ]s, although the Posada owed its popularity to a real-size statue of ] commissioned by Lehder from the famous Colombian sculptor ], one of the firsts made after his ], the first of its kind in Latin America, and with this statue in the Inn a ] was built with photos of Lennon showing his biography and with wines and an apple at the entrance (alluding to the logo of ]). The statue was controversial at the time because Lennon was depicted naked in a German worker's helmet (alluding to the song '']''), with his guitar; his ] used in the early years of ], with two holes representing shots fired by ] in Lennon's murder, his left hand had the word ''PEACE'' ({{Lang|es|PAZ}}) and it's genitals the word ''LOVE'' ({{Lang|es|AMOR}}).<ref>{{ |
The Inn had several Swiss-style cabins, a wine bar, a cage with ]s, another cage with ]s and another with ]s, although the Posada owed its popularity to a real-size statue of ] commissioned by Lehder from the famous Colombian sculptor ], one of the firsts made after his ], the first of its kind in Latin America, and with this statue in the Inn a ] was built with photos of Lennon showing his biography and with wines and an apple at the entrance (alluding to the logo of ]). The statue was controversial at the time because Lennon was depicted naked in a German worker's helmet (alluding to the song '']''), with his guitar; his ] used in the early years of ], with two holes representing shots fired by ] in Lennon's murder, his left hand had the word ''PEACE'' ({{Lang|es|PAZ}}) and it's genitals the word ''LOVE'' ({{Lang|es|AMOR}}).<ref name=":7">{{cite news |last1=Buitrago |first1=Alfonso |last2=Martin |first2=Gerard |title=Una mancha en la familia |trans-title=A stain on the family |url=https://universocentro.com.co/2021/01/15/una-mancha-en-la-familia/ |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=Universo Centro (universocentro.com) |date=15 January 2021 |language=es-CO}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |title=EL LIBRO DE LEHDER/ La estatua homenaje a Lennon, que adornó la Posada Alemana |trans-title=THE BOOK OF LEHDER/ The statue in homage to Lennon, which adorned the Posada Alemana |url=https://elquindiano.com/noticia/106923/el-libro-de-lehder-la-estatua-homenaje-a-lennon-que-adorno-la-posada-alemana/ |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=El Quindiano |date=22 January 2024 |language=es}}</ref> Lehder and some friends also used to put candles on the sculpture when they sent their drug shipments.<ref name=":9">{{cite news |author1=The Two Shores |title=¿Qué pasó con el John Lennon de Carlos Lehder? |trans-title=What happened to Carlos Lehder's John Lennon? |url=https://www.las2orillas.co/que-paso-con-el-john-lennon-de-carlos-lehder/ |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=Las 2 Orillas (www.las2orillas.co) |publisher=Las Dos Orillas Foundation |date=14 September 2019 |language=es}}</ref> | ||
At the Posada, Lehder also launched his National Latin Movement, a political movement with which Lehder intended to pursue his political career.<ref name=":10">{{cite news |last1=Restrepo Tabares |first1=Daniel Alejandro |title=Carlos Lehder, el exnarcotraficante quindiano que pagó su pena en Estados Unidos |trans-title=Carlos Lehder, the former drug trafficker from Quindio who served his sentence in the United States |url=https://www.cronicadelquindio.com/noticias/quindio/carlos-lehder-el-exnarcotraficante-quindiano-que-pago-su-pena-en-estados-unidos |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=Cronica del Quindio |date=18 July 2023 |language=es-ES}}</ref> | At the Posada, Lehder also launched his National Latin Movement, a political movement with which Lehder intended to pursue his political career.<ref name=":10">{{cite news |last1=Restrepo Tabares |first1=Daniel Alejandro |title=Carlos Lehder, el exnarcotraficante quindiano que pagó su pena en Estados Unidos |trans-title=Carlos Lehder, the former drug trafficker from Quindio who served his sentence in the United States |url=https://www.cronicadelquindio.com/noticias/quindio/carlos-lehder-el-exnarcotraficante-quindiano-que-pago-su-pena-en-estados-unidos |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=Cronica del Quindio |date=18 July 2023 |language=es-ES}}</ref> | ||
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The inn was partially abandoned when Lehder went into hiding following the persecution of the ] ] against drug trafficking, and his subsequent murder. In 1985 the inn was victim of a fire that destroyed the restaurant and part of the bar.<ref name=":11">{{cite news |last1=Santanilla |first1=Eliécer |title=La Posada Alemana, Cuento Criollo de un Capo |trans-title=The German Inn, A Creole Tale of a Capo |url=https://www.lacoladerata.co/cultura/relatos/la-posada-alemana-cuento-criollo-de-un-capo/ |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=La Cola de Rata (www.lacoladerata.co) |date=27 June 2020 |language=es}}</ref> | The inn was partially abandoned when Lehder went into hiding following the persecution of the ] ] against drug trafficking, and his subsequent murder. In 1985 the inn was victim of a fire that destroyed the restaurant and part of the bar.<ref name=":11">{{cite news |last1=Santanilla |first1=Eliécer |title=La Posada Alemana, Cuento Criollo de un Capo |trans-title=The German Inn, A Creole Tale of a Capo |url=https://www.lacoladerata.co/cultura/relatos/la-posada-alemana-cuento-criollo-de-un-capo/ |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=La Cola de Rata (www.lacoladerata.co) |date=27 June 2020 |language=es}}</ref> | ||
Following Lehder's capture and extradition in 1987, the inn was the target of looting by people looking for hidden money or valuables. Years later, in 1998, the inn, after having been abandoned and in ruins for several years, was expropriated by the Colombian government.<ref name=": |
Following Lehder's capture and extradition in 1987, the inn was the target of looting by people looking for hidden money or valuables. Years later, in 1998, the inn, after having been abandoned and in ruins for several years, was expropriated by the Colombian government.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":6"/> The Lennon statue was stolen in late ] and is believed to have returned to the widow of Arenas Betancourt.<ref name=":22">{{cite news |title=Desaparece estatua de John Lennon que estaba en hotel confiscado |trans-title=John Lennon statue disappears from confiscated hotel |url=https://caracol.com.co/radio/2003/12/12/judicial/1071183600_085848.html |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=Caracol Radio |date=12 December 2003 |location=Bogota |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":9"/><ref name=":14">{{cite news |last1=Lifton |first1=Dave |title=Colombian Drug Lord Had Awful John Lennon Statue |url=http://ultimateclassicrock.com/colombian-drug-lord-awful-john-lennon-statue/ |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=Ultimate Classic Rock |date=17 October 2012 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="semana_2">{{cite news |title=El Destape de Lehde |trans-title=The Uncovering of Lehder |url=http://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/el-destape-de-lehder/3076-3 |access-date=24 December 2024 |work=Semana (www.semana.com) |publisher=Publicaciones Semana SA |date=1 August 1983 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730194919/http://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/el-destape-de-lehder/3076-3 |archive-date=30 July 2014 |language=es |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{cite news |last1=Álvarez De las salas |first1=Duván Alfonso |title=Antes y después de la Posada Alemana, la mansión en ruinas de Lehder |trans-title=Photos: Before and after the German Inn, Lehder's ruined mansion |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/fotos-de-propiedades-de-narcos-colombianos-la-posada-alemana-de-carlos-lehder-472240 |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=El Tiempo |date=13 March 2020 |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{cite news |last1=Figueroa Arias |first1=David Alejandro |title=Especial: Recordando La Posada Alemana, parte I |trans-title=Special: Remembering the German Inn, part I |url=https://www.cronicadelquindio.com/noticias/quindio/especial-recordando-la-posada-alemana-parte-i |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=Cronica del Quindio |agency=The Chronicle |date=30 October 2018 |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{cite news |author1=Armenian Snail |title=Casa de ex narcotraficante Carlos Lehder se convertirá en parque en Quindío |trans-title=Former drug trafficker Carlos Lehder's house will become a park in Quindío |url=https://caracol.com.co/emisora/2020/03/13/armenia/1584106665_007279.html |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=Caracol Radio |date=13 March 2020 |location=Armenia |language=es}}</ref> In 2020, the government of the department of Quindío announced the creation of an ecological theme park after the property became its property.<ref name=":19">{{cite news |title=La Posada Alemana de Carlos Lehder será ahora un ecoparque del Quindío |trans-title=The German Inn by Carlos Lehder will now be an ecopark in Quindío |url=https://www.noticiascaracol.com/colombia/la-posada-alemana-de-carlos-lehder-sera-ahora-un-ecoparque-del-quindio |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=Noticias Caracol |date=17 June 2020 |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{cite web |title=La Posada Alemana como ejemplo de reconciliación, en el programa En Vivo con el Gobernador este jueves |trans-title=The Posada Alemana as an example of reconciliation, in the program Live with the Governor this Thursday |url=https://www.quindio.gov.co/noticias-2020/noticias-mayo-2020/la-posada-alemana-como-ejemplo-de-reconciliacion-en-el-programa-en-vivo-con-el-gobernador-este-jueves |website=www.quindio.gov.co |publisher=Gobierno del Quindío |access-date=20 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810075138/https://www.quindio.gov.co/noticias-2020/noticias-mayo-2020/la-posada-alemana-como-ejemplo-de-reconciliacion-en-el-programa-en-vivo-con-el-gobernador-este-jueves |archive-date=10 August 2020 |language=es-ES |url-status=deviated |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{cite news |title=Fincas del narcotraficante Carlos Lehder se convertirán en un parque ecológico |trans-title=Drug trafficker Carlos Lehder's estates will be converted into an ecological park |url=https://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/fincas-del-narcotraficante-carlos-lehder-se-convertiran-en-un-parque-ecologico/656424/ |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=Semana (Semana.com) |publisher=Publicaciones Semana SA |date=12 March 2020 |language=es |issn=2745-2794}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Latest revision as of 10:53, 24 December 2024
Estate that belonged to a former Colombian drug lord
Medellín Cartel |
---|
Posada Alemana (Spanish for "German Inn" or "German Lodge") was a hotel complex built and owned by Colombian former drug lord Carlos Lehder, located on the road that connects the cities of Armenia, to the north 175 km (109 mi), and Pereira 284 km (110 sq mi), and close to the road that goes to the town of Salento 88 km (34 sq mi), Quindío Department, Colombia. And 296.5 km (184.2 mi) west of Bogotá. The estate covers about 64.137 km (24.763 sq mi) of land. Following Lehder's capture in 1987, the Inn was subject to looting, abandonment and expropriation by the Colombian government. Today it is an ecological park owned by the government of the department of Qundío.
History
Background
After his return to Colombia, Carlos Lehder, a native of Armenia, had returned to Colombia from Norman's Cay, acting as an investor businessman who was bringing development and well-being to the department of Quindío. The Inn was built built on an old Cyclo-cross track in 1981 and opened in 1982 in honor of his father's eponymous property that had been closed by the government of president Eduardo Santos as one of its measures against the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis and its migrants in Colombia in World War II.
Rise
The hotel staff was trained by SENA, which sent instructors to the regional headquarters of the department, although they did not always work at the inn as they tended to steal various items. Lehder used to hold parties where he hired film crews.
The Inn had several Swiss-style cabins, a wine bar, a cage with Andean condors, another cage with tigers and another with llamas, although the Posada owed its popularity to a real-size statue of John Lennon commissioned by Lehder from the famous Colombian sculptor Rodrigo Arenas Betancourt, one of the firsts made after his murder, the first of its kind in Latin America, and with this statue in the Inn a nightclub was built with photos of Lennon showing his biography and with wines and an apple at the entrance (alluding to the logo of Apple Corps). The statue was controversial at the time because Lennon was depicted naked in a German worker's helmet (alluding to the song Working Class Hero), with his guitar; his Rickenbacker 325 used in the early years of The Beatles, with two holes representing shots fired by Mark David Chapman in Lennon's murder, his left hand had the word PEACE (PAZ) and it's genitals the word LOVE (AMOR). Lehder and some friends also used to put candles on the sculpture when they sent their drug shipments.
At the Posada, Lehder also launched his National Latin Movement, a political movement with which Lehder intended to pursue his political career.
Downfall and fate
The inn was partially abandoned when Lehder went into hiding following the persecution of the minister of justice Rodrigo Lara Bonilla against drug trafficking, and his subsequent murder. In 1985 the inn was victim of a fire that destroyed the restaurant and part of the bar.
Following Lehder's capture and extradition in 1987, the inn was the target of looting by people looking for hidden money or valuables. Years later, in 1998, the inn, after having been abandoned and in ruins for several years, was expropriated by the Colombian government. The Lennon statue was stolen in late 2003 and is believed to have returned to the widow of Arenas Betancourt. In 2020, the government of the department of Quindío announced the creation of an ecological theme park after the property became its property.
References
- "La Posada Alemana" [The German Inn]. Cronica del Quindio (in European Spanish). Armenia, Quindio. 4 July 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- ^ "La Posada Alemana ya pertenece al gobierno del Quindío" [The German Inn now belongs to the Quindío government]. El Quindiano (in Spanish). El Quindiano SAS. 12 May 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- Rios Monroy, Julian Camilo (12 March 2020). "Posada Alemana y otros bienes se convertirán en proyectos turísticos" [Posada Alemana and other properties will become tourist projects]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). Casa Editorial El Tiempo SA (CEET). Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- Sastre García, Germán (12 March 2020). "Posada alemana se convirtió en completo turístico en Quindío" [Posada Alemana: from a drug trafficking icon to a tourist complex in Quindío]. RCN Radio (rcnradio.com) (in Spanish). Radio Cadenal Nacional SAS. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- Reyes, Gerardo (2020). "Carlos Lehder: Bonanza y ruina del capo que hizo a Escobar - Guillermo Lehder: El padre de Lehder" [Carlos Lehder: Bonanza and ruin of the boss who made Escobar - Guillermo Lehder: Lehder's father]. Univision (www.univision.com) (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- ^ Figueroa Arias, David Alejandro (31 October 2018). "Especial: Recordando La Posada Alemana, parte II" [Special: Remembering the German Inn, part II]. Cronica del Quindio (in European Spanish). The Chronicle. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- Buitrago, Alfonso; Martin, Gerard (15 January 2021). "Una mancha en la familia" [A stain on the family]. Universo Centro (universocentro.com) (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- "EL LIBRO DE LEHDER/ La estatua homenaje a Lennon, que adornó la Posada Alemana" [THE BOOK OF LEHDER/ The statue in homage to Lennon, which adorned the Posada Alemana]. El Quindiano (in Spanish). 22 January 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- ^ The Two Shores (14 September 2019). "¿Qué pasó con el John Lennon de Carlos Lehder?" [What happened to Carlos Lehder's John Lennon?]. Las 2 Orillas (www.las2orillas.co) (in Spanish). Las Dos Orillas Foundation. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- Restrepo Tabares, Daniel Alejandro (18 July 2023). "Carlos Lehder, el exnarcotraficante quindiano que pagó su pena en Estados Unidos" [Carlos Lehder, the former drug trafficker from Quindio who served his sentence in the United States]. Cronica del Quindio (in European Spanish). Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- Santanilla, Eliécer (27 June 2020). "La Posada Alemana, Cuento Criollo de un Capo" [The German Inn, A Creole Tale of a Capo]. La Cola de Rata (www.lacoladerata.co) (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- "Desaparece estatua de John Lennon que estaba en hotel confiscado" [John Lennon statue disappears from confiscated hotel]. Caracol Radio (in Spanish). Bogota. 12 December 2003. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- Lifton, Dave (17 October 2012). "Colombian Drug Lord Had Awful John Lennon Statue". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- "El Destape de Lehde" [The Uncovering of Lehder]. Semana (www.semana.com) (in Spanish). Publicaciones Semana SA. 1 August 1983. Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
- Álvarez De las salas, Duván Alfonso (13 March 2020). "Antes y después de la Posada Alemana, la mansión en ruinas de Lehder" [Photos: Before and after the German Inn, Lehder's ruined mansion]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- Figueroa Arias, David Alejandro (30 October 2018). "Especial: Recordando La Posada Alemana, parte I" [Special: Remembering the German Inn, part I]. Cronica del Quindio (in European Spanish). The Chronicle. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- Armenian Snail (13 March 2020). "Casa de ex narcotraficante Carlos Lehder se convertirá en parque en Quindío" [Former drug trafficker Carlos Lehder's house will become a park in Quindío]. Caracol Radio (in Spanish). Armenia. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- "La Posada Alemana de Carlos Lehder será ahora un ecoparque del Quindío" [The German Inn by Carlos Lehder will now be an ecopark in Quindío]. Noticias Caracol (in Spanish). 17 June 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- "La Posada Alemana como ejemplo de reconciliación, en el programa En Vivo con el Gobernador este jueves" [The Posada Alemana as an example of reconciliation, in the program Live with the Governor this Thursday]. www.quindio.gov.co (in European Spanish). Gobierno del Quindío. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- "Fincas del narcotraficante Carlos Lehder se convertirán en un parque ecológico" [Drug trafficker Carlos Lehder's estates will be converted into an ecological park]. Semana (Semana.com) (in Spanish). Publicaciones Semana SA. 12 March 2020. ISSN 2745-2794. Retrieved 20 December 2024.