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| {{Short description|Croatian soldier (1889–1945)}} | |||
| {{No footnotes|date=December 2024}} | {{No footnotes|date=December 2024}} | ||
| {{Infobox military person | {{Infobox military person | ||
| | name = Ivan Markulj | | name = Ivan Markulj | ||
| | native_name_lang = | | native_name_lang = | ||
| | birth_date |
| birth_date = 11 February 1889 | ||
| | death_date = September 1945 | | death_date = September 1945 (aged 56) | ||
| | birth_place = ],] | | birth_place = ], ] | ||
| | death_place = ], ] | | death_place = ], ] | ||
| | image = Ivan Markulj.png | | image = Ivan Markulj.png | ||
| | image_size = 200px | | image_size = 200px | ||
| | caption = | | caption = | ||
| | nickname = | | nickname = | ||
| | allegiance = {{ubl |{{flag|Austria-Hungary}} | {{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} | {{flag|Independent State of Croatia}} | {{flag|Nazi Germany}} }} | | allegiance = {{ubl |{{flag|Austria-Hungary}} | {{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} | {{flag|Independent State of Croatia}} | {{flag|Nazi Germany}} }} | ||
| | serviceyears = 191?–1945 | | serviceyears = 191?–1945 | ||
| | rank = {{ubl | ] (Yugoslavia) | ] | (NDH) }} | | rank = {{ubl | ] (Yugoslavia) | ] | (NDH) }} | ||
| | branch = {{ubl |] |] | ] }} | | branch = {{ubl |] |] | ] }} | ||
| | commands |
| commands = ] | ||
| | unit = {{ubl | ] (Germany/NDH) }} | | unit = {{ubl | ] (Germany/NDH) }} | ||
| | battles = | | battles = {{tree list}} | ||
| {{tree list}} | |||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| ** ] | ** ] | ||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
| *** ] | *** ] | ||
| {{tree list/end}} | {{tree list/end}} | ||
| | awards = ]}} | | awards = ] | ||
| }} | |||
| '''Ivan Markulj''' (], February 11, 1889 – ], September 1945) was a Croatian soldier, officer in the armies of the ], the ], and the ]. He is best remembered as the first commander of the ]. | '''Ivan Markulj''' (], February 11, 1889 – ], September 1945) was a Croatian soldier, officer in the armies of the ], the ], and the ]. He is best remembered as the first commander of the ].{{nvb|date=December 2024}} | ||
| == Biography == | == Biography == | ||
| Line 32: | Line 33: | ||
| Colonel Markulj was an officer in the ], the ] and finally the ] of the Independent State of Croatia. After the establishment of the NDH, he served as commander of the ] headquarters Pokupje in Karlovac, but soon became commander of the Varaždin Infantry Regiment. | Colonel Markulj was an officer in the ], the ] and finally the ] of the Independent State of Croatia. After the establishment of the NDH, he served as commander of the ] headquarters Pokupje in Karlovac, but soon became commander of the Varaždin Infantry Regiment. | ||
| As the first commander of the ], Ivan Markulj managed to create a solid military unit from a group of inexperienced and undisciplined volunteers and very few experienced officers in a short period of time and in very difficult conditions on the unstable Russian front, whose combat successes were admired by their German comrades and officers. | As the first commander of the ], Ivan Markulj managed to create a solid military unit from a group of inexperienced and undisciplined volunteers and very few experienced officers in a short period of time and in very difficult conditions on the unstable Russian front, whose combat successes were admired by their German comrades and officers.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
| After the heavy fighting and success of the 369th Reinforced Infantry Regiment in the ] in the spring of 1942, Colonel Markulj was awarded the ] by order of the German general, commander of the 100th Chasseur Division ]. After Kharkov, Colonel Markulj independently commanded the entire 369th Regiment as part of the 100th German Chasseur Division for the first time. Under his leadership, the 369th Regiment was particularly praised and decorated by the Germans for its heroic conduct and heavy losses during the ]. | After the heavy fighting and success of the 369th Reinforced Infantry Regiment in the ] in the spring of 1942, Colonel Markulj was awarded the ] by order of the German general, commander of the 100th Chasseur Division ]. After Kharkov, Colonel Markulj independently commanded the entire 369th Regiment as part of the 100th German Chasseur Division for the first time. Under his leadership, the 369th Regiment was particularly praised and decorated by the Germans for its heroic conduct and heavy losses during the ].{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
| After Markulj's departure from ] on June 26, 1942, the command of the ] was taken over by Colonel ], the former commander of the ] military academy in ]. | After Markulj's departure from ] on June 26, 1942, the command of the ] was taken over by Colonel ], the former commander of the ] military academy in ]. | ||
| Colonel Markulj returned from ] to Croatia in mid-1942 after a full year of grueling fighting, probably due to illness or exhaustion. Later, during the war in Croatia and Bosnia, Markulj became a general of the ]. During 1944, General Markulj headed the Zagreb City Command and later became commander of the 3rd Military District of the |
Colonel Markulj returned from ] to Croatia in mid-1942 after a full year of grueling fighting, probably due to illness or exhaustion.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} Later, during the war in Croatia and Bosnia, Markulj became a general of the ].{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} During 1944, General Markulj headed the Zagreb City Command and later became commander of the 3rd Military District of the NDH in ]. | ||
| In May |
In May 1945 he retreated from the ] together with the ] to Austria and the West, where he surrendered to the ], but was soon extradited to the Yugoslav military authorities. | ||
| == Death == | |||
| The Yugoslav military court in ] in September 1945 sentenced General Markulj, along with a larger group of captured ] officers, to death by firing squad. | The Yugoslav military court in ] in September 1945 sentenced General Markulj, along with a larger group of captured ] officers, to death by firing squad.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
| == |
==Sources== | ||
| * Krunoslav Mikulan, Siniša Pogačić: ''Hrvatske oružane snage 1941. – 1945.'', Zagreb 1999. | * Krunoslav Mikulan, Siniša Pogačić: ''Hrvatske oružane snage 1941. – 1945.'', Zagreb 1999. | ||
| * ]: '']'', Zagreb 1992. | * ]: '']'', Zagreb 1992. | ||
| * |
* Heroji za pogrešnu stvar: Bačeni na Staljingrad, Jutarnji list, 24. veljače 2008.<ref>http://www.jutarnji.hr/nedjeljni_jutarnji/clanak/art-2008,2,24,,109804.jl</ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318175333/http://www.jutarnji.hr/nedjeljni_jutarnji/clanak/art-2008,2,24,,109804.jl |date=18. ožujka 2008. }} | ||
| * |
* Milan Pojić Hrvatska pukovnija 369. na Istočnom bojištu 1941. - 1943.<ref>http://www.naklada-ljevak.hr/knjiga/show/id/2079</ref> | ||
| * Welz H. Verratene Grenadiere. — Berlin, Deutscher Militärverlag, 1965. | * Welz H. Verratene Grenadiere. — Berlin, Deutscher Militärverlag, 1965. | ||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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| * | * | ||
| * | * | ||
| * {{ |
* {{dead link|bot=InternetArchiveBot |date=December 2024}} Na slici 15.01.1942 je pukovnik Markulj. | ||
| * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074507/http://i25.tinypic.com/t7oju8.jpg |date=5. ožujka 2016. }} | * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074507/http://i25.tinypic.com/t7oju8.jpg |date=5. ožujka 2016. }} | ||
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Latest revision as of 23:03, 28 December 2024
Croatian soldier (1889–1945) | This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Ivan Markulj | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 11 February 1889 Mostar, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | September 1945 (aged 56) Belgrade, Socialist Republic of Serbia |
| Allegiance | |
| Service | |
| Years of service | 191?–1945 |
| Rank | |
| Unit |
|
| Commands | 369th Reinforced Infantry Regiment |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Iron Cross 1st class |
Ivan Markulj (Mostar, February 11, 1889 – Belgrade, September 1945) was a Croatian soldier, officer in the armies of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and the Independent State of Croatia. He is best remembered as the first commander of the 369th Reinforced Infantry Regiment.
Biography
Colonel Markulj was an officer in the Austro-Hungarian army, the Yugoslav Royal Army and finally the Croatian Home Guard of the Independent State of Croatia. After the establishment of the NDH, he served as commander of the Ustaše headquarters Pokupje in Karlovac, but soon became commander of the Varaždin Infantry Regiment.
As the first commander of the 369th Reinforced Infantry Regiment, Ivan Markulj managed to create a solid military unit from a group of inexperienced and undisciplined volunteers and very few experienced officers in a short period of time and in very difficult conditions on the unstable Russian front, whose combat successes were admired by their German comrades and officers.
After the heavy fighting and success of the 369th Reinforced Infantry Regiment in the battles near Kharkov in the spring of 1942, Colonel Markulj was awarded the Iron Cross of the First Class by order of the German general, commander of the 100th Chasseur Division Werner Sanne. After Kharkov, Colonel Markulj independently commanded the entire 369th Regiment as part of the 100th German Chasseur Division for the first time. Under his leadership, the 369th Regiment was particularly praised and decorated by the Germans for its heroic conduct and heavy losses during the Battle of Kharkov.
After Markulj's departure from Russia on June 26, 1942, the command of the regiment was taken over by Colonel Viktor Pavičić, the former commander of the NDH military academy in Zagreb.
Colonel Markulj returned from Russia to Croatia in mid-1942 after a full year of grueling fighting, probably due to illness or exhaustion. Later, during the war in Croatia and Bosnia, Markulj became a general of the NDH. During 1944, General Markulj headed the Zagreb City Command and later became commander of the 3rd Military District of the NDH in Sarajevo.
In May 1945 he retreated from the Partisans together with the Croatian Armed Forces to Austria and the West, where he surrendered to the Western Allies, but was soon extradited to the Yugoslav military authorities.
Death
The Yugoslav military court in Belgrade in September 1945 sentenced General Markulj, along with a larger group of captured Ustaša officers, to death by firing squad.
Sources
- Krunoslav Mikulan, Siniša Pogačić: Hrvatske oružane snage 1941. – 1945., Zagreb 1999.
- Ivan Košutić: Hrvatsko domobranstvo u Drugom svjetskom ratu, Zagreb 1992.
- Heroji za pogrešnu stvar: Bačeni na Staljingrad, Jutarnji list, 24. veljače 2008. Archived 2008-03-18 at the Wayback Machine
- Milan Pojić Hrvatska pukovnija 369. na Istočnom bojištu 1941. - 1943.
- Welz H. Verratene Grenadiere. — Berlin, Deutscher Militärverlag, 1965.
References
- http://www.jutarnji.hr/nedjeljni_jutarnji/clanak/art-2008,2,24,,109804.jl
- http://www.naklada-ljevak.hr/knjiga/show/id/2079
External links
- Originalna skica položaja 369 pukovnije 24 i 25.11.42. Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
- Originalna skica mjesta stanovanja u Staljingradu 369 pukovnije.
- Slike i dosta stari nepotpuni/krivi tekst na engleskom o pukovniji.
- Neke rijetko viđene slike 369. pukovnije Na slici 15.01.1942 je pukovnik Markulj.
- Pukovnik Markulj i pukovnik Marko Mesić vjerojatno u Rusiji Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
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