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| This is a partial list of the civil engineers who helped plan, design, or build canals in Central America during the period |
This is a partial list of the ] who helped plan, design, or build canals in Central America during the period 1850–1931. | ||
| ==Panama Railroad== | ==Panama Railroad of 1849 – 1855== | ||
| The ] was a railway line linking the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean in Central America. | |||
| * Hughes, George W. Bvt. Lt. Col. Hughes surveyed the ] |
* Hughes, George W. Bvt. Lt. Col. (1820-1897) In 1849, Hughes surveyed the route location for the ] to Panama City. <ref>{{cite book | ||
| | title = The Panama Canal: An Army's Enterprise | | title = The Panama Canal: An Army's Enterprise | ||
| | author = Jon T. Hoffman, Michael J. Brodhead, Carol R. Byerly, and Glenn F. Williams | | author = Jon T. Hoffman, Michael J. Brodhead, Carol R. Byerly, and Glenn F. Williams | ||
| Line 11: | Line 12: | ||
| | location = Washington, DC | | location = Washington, DC | ||
| | page = 3 | | page = 3 | ||
| }}</ref> |
}}</ref> | ||
| * ] (1808-1884) Totten was chief engineer for the railroad (1856-1875). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/92685992/|title=Map of the Isthmus of Panama representing the line of the Panama Rail Road as constructed under the direction of George M. Totten, chief engineer &c.|website=Library of Congress|access-date=2018-12-24}}</ref><ref>Burgess, J. J. (1861). Burgess' Railway directory for 1861: containing a correct list of all the officers and directors of the railroads in the United States and Canadas, together with their financial condition / compiled from original reports by Josiah H. Burgess. New York: Wilbur & Hastings.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Anon. |title=George Muirson Totten (1808-1884) |url=https://www.panamarailroad.org/totten.html |website=The Panama Railroad |access-date=26 December 2024}}</ref> | |||
| ==Kelley surveys of 1855 – 1866== | |||
| ] (1822 – 1905) was a Wall Street banker who sponsored seven expeditions to discover the purported "Sea Level Interoceanic Canal" of the Isthmus of Darien. | |||
| * ] (1799 – 1862) In late 1854, Kennish led an expedition across the Isthmus of Panama. He proposed a canal route via the Atrato-Truando rivers, suggesting the construction of tunnels to cross the Baudó Range. | |||
| * Lane, James Crandall (1823 – 1888) <ref>{{cite news |title=Col. James C. Lane Obituary |newspaper=The New York Times |date=December 14, 1888 |page=4 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1888/12/14/archives/col-james-c-lane.html |accessdate=December 27, 2024}}</ref> was a distinguished American civil engineer and military officer notable for his contributions to engineering projects and service during the American Civil War. Lane led expeditions for the Atlantic and Pacific Canal company in 1853 and 1854 <ref>{{cite news |title=Article 6 -- Atlantic and Pacific Canal|url=https://www.proquest.com/ |newspaper=New York Daily Times |date=May 15, 1854 |page=4 |accessdate=December 27, 2024}}</ref>, focusing on the same region. His surveys provided further insights into the feasibility of constructing a canal through the Atrato River basin. | |||
| ** William C. Fox, Henry P. Adams, and S. Lee Perkins (1827 – ) accompanied Lane. | |||
| * Porter, Mark B., led an expedition in 1853. | |||
| * ] (1810 – 1883) In 1852, Trautwine led an expedition to survey the ] and ] rivers in present-day Colombia. | |||
| ==Isthmus of Darien survey of 1857== | ==Isthmus of Darien survey of 1857== | ||
| * Michler, Nathaniel |
* Michler, Nathaniel (1827 – 1881) Michler was an officer in the ]. <ref>{{cite web | ||
| | url = https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/michler-nathaniel | | url = https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/michler-nathaniel | ||
| | title = Michler, Nathaniel | | title = Michler, Nathaniel | ||
| Line 22: | Line 33: | ||
| | website = Handbook of Texas Online | | website = Handbook of Texas Online | ||
| }}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| == |
== Nicaragua expedition of 1872 == | ||
| In 1872, the U.S. Navy Department initiated an expedition to survey a potential interoceanic canal route through Nicaragua. | In 1872, the U.S. Navy Department initiated an expedition to survey a potential interoceanic canal route through Nicaragua.<ref name="Griffin">Griffin, W. (1988). George W. Goethals and the Panama Canal. University of Cincinnati.</ref> | ||
| * ] (1836-1887) Lull led the Nicaragua Exploring Expedition from 1872 to 1873, conducting comprehensive surveys for a potential interoceanic canal through Nicaragua. <ref>{{cite book | * ] (1836-1887) Lull led the Nicaragua Exploring Expedition from 1872 to 1873, conducting comprehensive surveys for a potential interoceanic canal through Nicaragua. <ref>{{cite book | ||
| | title = Reports of Explorations and Surveys for the Location of a Ship-Canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, through Nicaragua, 1872-'73 | | title = Reports of Explorations and Surveys for the Location of a Ship-Canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, through Nicaragua, 1872-'73 | ||
| Line 34: | Line 46: | ||
| }}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| == |
==The Interoceanic Canal Commission of 1872== | ||
| During the same period as the US Navy surveys, the United States Congress appointed another commission to recommend a route for an isthmian canal. | |||
| * ] (1810 – 1883), Brig. Gen, US Army Corps of Engineers. | |||
| * ] (1816 – 1881) United States Coast Survey <ref name="Griffin"/> | |||
| ==Nicaragua Canal Commission of 1895 – 1897 == | |||
| * ], (1840 – 1921) | * ], (1840 – 1921) | ||
| == |
==The Isthmian Canal Commission of 1899 – 1901== | ||
| This ] was created to recommend the best location in Central America to build a canal. | |||
| ==Isthmian Canal Commission of 1904 – 1914== | |||
| This ] managed the construction of the Panama Canal in the early years of American involvement and control of the Panama Canal Zone. | |||
| == Nicaragua Canal Survey of 1929 – 1931 == | |||
| By 1928, growing interest in expanding canal capacity led Congress to pass a resolution calling for updated surveys in Nicaragua to reassess data from 1901. The initiative also explored the viability of adding a third set of locks to the Panama Canal and potentially transforming it into a sea-level waterway.<ref>{{cite report | By 1928, growing interest in expanding canal capacity led Congress to pass a resolution calling for updated surveys in Nicaragua to reassess data from 1901. The initiative also explored the viability of adding a third set of locks to the Panama Canal and potentially transforming it into a sea-level waterway.<ref>{{cite report | ||
| | title = Authorizing an Investigation and Survey for a Nicaraguan Canal as well as Increasing the Facilities of the Panama Canal | | title = Authorizing an Investigation and Survey for a Nicaraguan Canal as well as Increasing the Facilities of the Panama Canal | ||
Latest revision as of 20:57, 27 December 2024
This is a partial list of the civil engineers who helped plan, design, or build canals in Central America during the period 1850–1931.
Panama Railroad of 1849 – 1855
The Panama Railroad was a railway line linking the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean in Central America.
- Hughes, George W. Bvt. Lt. Col. (1820-1897) In 1849, Hughes surveyed the route location for the Panama railroad to Panama City.
- Totten, George Muirson (1808-1884) Totten was chief engineer for the railroad (1856-1875).
Kelley surveys of 1855 – 1866
Frederick M. Kelley (1822 – 1905) was a Wall Street banker who sponsored seven expeditions to discover the purported "Sea Level Interoceanic Canal" of the Isthmus of Darien.
- Kennesh, Wiliam (1799 – 1862) In late 1854, Kennish led an expedition across the Isthmus of Panama. He proposed a canal route via the Atrato-Truando rivers, suggesting the construction of tunnels to cross the Baudó Range.
- Lane, James Crandall (1823 – 1888) was a distinguished American civil engineer and military officer notable for his contributions to engineering projects and service during the American Civil War. Lane led expeditions for the Atlantic and Pacific Canal company in 1853 and 1854 , focusing on the same region. His surveys provided further insights into the feasibility of constructing a canal through the Atrato River basin.
- William C. Fox, Henry P. Adams, and S. Lee Perkins (1827 – ) accompanied Lane.
- Porter, Mark B., led an expedition in 1853.
- Trautwine, John Cresson (1810 – 1883) In 1852, Trautwine led an expedition to survey the Atrato and San Juan rivers in present-day Colombia.
Isthmus of Darien survey of 1857
- Michler, Nathaniel (1827 – 1881) Michler was an officer in the United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers.
Nicaragua expedition of 1872
In 1872, the U.S. Navy Department initiated an expedition to survey a potential interoceanic canal route through Nicaragua.
- Lull, Edward Phelps (1836-1887) Lull led the Nicaragua Exploring Expedition from 1872 to 1873, conducting comprehensive surveys for a potential interoceanic canal through Nicaragua.
The Interoceanic Canal Commission of 1872
During the same period as the US Navy surveys, the United States Congress appointed another commission to recommend a route for an isthmian canal.
- Humphreys, Andrew Atkinson (1810 – 1883), Brig. Gen, US Army Corps of Engineers.
- Patterson, Carlile Pollock (1816 – 1881) United States Coast Survey
Nicaragua Canal Commission of 1895 – 1897
- Haines, Peter Conover, (1840 – 1921)
The Isthmian Canal Commission of 1899 – 1901
This Isthmian Canal Commission was created to recommend the best location in Central America to build a canal.
Isthmian Canal Commission of 1904 – 1914
This Isthmian Canal Commission managed the construction of the Panama Canal in the early years of American involvement and control of the Panama Canal Zone.
Nicaragua Canal Survey of 1929 – 1931
By 1928, growing interest in expanding canal capacity led Congress to pass a resolution calling for updated surveys in Nicaragua to reassess data from 1901. The initiative also explored the viability of adding a third set of locks to the Panama Canal and potentially transforming it into a sea-level waterway.
- Groves, Leslie Richard 1st Lt. Groves Jr. (1896 – 1970) assisted Sultan in compiling the final report.
- Sultan, Daniel I. Major, USACE (1885 – 1947) Sultan was commander of the United States Army Engineer Battalion in Nicaragua. The battalion numbered 25 officers and 295 enlisted men.
References
- Jon T. Hoffman, Michael J. Brodhead, Carol R. Byerly, and Glenn F. Williams (2009). The Panama Canal: An Army's Enterprise. Washington, DC: Center of Military History. p. 3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "Map of the Isthmus of Panama representing the line of the Panama Rail Road as constructed under the direction of George M. Totten, chief engineer &c". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2018-12-24.
- Burgess, J. J. (1861). Burgess' Railway directory for 1861: containing a correct list of all the officers and directors of the railroads in the United States and Canadas, together with their financial condition / compiled from original reports by Josiah H. Burgess. New York: Wilbur & Hastings.
- Anon. "George Muirson Totten (1808-1884)". The Panama Railroad. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
- "Col. James C. Lane Obituary". The New York Times. December 14, 1888. p. 4. Retrieved December 27, 2024.
- "Article 6 -- Atlantic and Pacific Canal". New York Daily Times. May 15, 1854. p. 4. Retrieved December 27, 2024.
- Handbook of Texas Online. "Michler, Nathaniel". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2024-12-25.
- ^ Griffin, W. (1988). George W. Goethals and the Panama Canal. University of Cincinnati.
- Edward Phelps Lull (1874). Reports of Explorations and Surveys for the Location of a Ship-Canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, through Nicaragua, 1872-'73. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Retrieved 2024-12-25.
- Senate Committee on Interoceanic Canals (1928). Authorizing an Investigation and Survey for a Nicaraguan Canal as well as Increasing the Facilities of the Panama Canal (Report). Senate Report 771, 70th Congress, 1st Session. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- Additional-reports:
- Senate Joint Resolution No. 117, Statutes at Large, 1929, pp. 1539–1540;
- Senate Committee on Appropriations, Investigations and Surveys for a Nicaraguan Canal, 70th Cong., 2nd Sess., 1929, S. Doc. 237;
- Senate Committee on Appropriations, Investigation and Survey for a Nicaraguan Canal, 70th Cong., 1st Sess., 1928, S. Doc. No. 145;
- Senate Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Investigation and Survey for Additional Locks at Panama Canal and for a Nicaraguan Canal, 70th Cong., 2nd Sess., 1929, H. Rept. No. 2774.
- Additional-reports:
- ^ Brodhead, M. J. (2013). Wet, Nasty Job: Army Engineers and the Nicaragua Canal Survey of 1929-1931. Federal History, 5, 15-34.