| Revision as of 16:20, 26 December 2024 editStephanSnow (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users737 edits ←Created page with '{{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Siege of Perekop | partof = the Russo-Polish War (1654-1667) | image = Ferch-Kermen_(Perekop).JPG | image_size = 250px | caption = Remains of Ferch-Kermen citadel tower | place = Perekop, Crimea | date = 11 October – 16 December 1663 | combatant1 = {{flagdeco|Cossack Hetmanate}} Zaporozhian Cossacks<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Don Cossacks.svg...' | Latest revision as of 07:29, 29 December 2024 edit undoRxsxuis (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users1,535 editsNo edit summaryTags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit | ||
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| {{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
| | conflict = Siege of Perekop | | conflict = Siege of Perekop | ||
| | partof = the ] | | partof = the ], ] and ] | ||
| | image = Ferch-Kermen_(Perekop).JPG | | image = Ferch-Kermen_(Perekop).JPG | ||
| | image_size = |
| image_size = 200px | ||
| | caption = Remains of Ferch-Kermen citadel tower | | caption = Remains of Ferch-Kermen citadel tower | ||
| | place = ], ] | | place = ], ] | ||
| | date = 11 October – 16 December 1663 | | date = 11 October – 16 December 1663 | ||
| | combatant1 = {{flagdeco|Cossack Hetmanate}} ]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Don Cossacks.svg}} ]<br>{{flagicon|Russia}} ]<br>{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kalmyk Khanate.svg}} ] | | combatant1 = {{flagdeco|Cossack Hetmanate}} ]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Don Cossacks.svg}} ]<br>{{flagicon|Tsardom of Russia}} ]<br>{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kalmyk Khanate.svg}} ] | ||
| | combatant2 = {{flagdeco|Crimean Khanate}} ]<br>{{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire}} ] | | combatant2 = {{flagdeco|Crimean Khanate}} ]<br>{{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire}} ] | ||
| | result = Cossack-Russian-Kalmyk victory | | result = {{ublist|Cossack-Russian-Kalmyk victory}} | ||
| | territory = Sack of ] and nearby settlements | | territory = Sack of ] and nearby settlements | ||
| | commander1 = {{flagicon|Cossack Hetmanate}} ]<br>{{flagicon|Cossack Hetmanate}} Ivan Gladkiy<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Don Cossacks.svg}} ]<br>{{flagicon|Tsardom of Russia}} |
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Cossack Hetmanate}} ]<br>{{flagicon|Cossack Hetmanate}} Ivan Gladkiy<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Don Cossacks.svg}} ]<br>{{flagicon|Tsardom of Russia}} ]{{WIA}}<br>{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kalmyk Khanate.svg}} Erke Aturkay | ||
| | commander2 = {{flagdeco|Crimean Khanate}} ]<br>{{flagdeco|Crimean Khanate}} Karach Bey{{KIA}}<br>{{flagdeco|Crimean Khanate}} Murza Karabcha | | commander2 = {{flagdeco|Crimean Khanate}} ]<br>{{flagdeco|Crimean Khanate}} ]{{KIA}}<br>{{flagdeco|Crimean Khanate}} Murza Karabcha | ||
| | strength1 = '''October:'''<br>Unknown<br>'''December:'''<br>180<ref name=":3"/><ref name=": |
| strength1 = '''October:'''<br>Unknown<br>'''December:'''<br>180<ref name=":3"/><ref name=":2"/> | ||
| | strength2 = '''October:'''<br>5,000+<ref name=":0"/><br>'''December:'''<br>1,000<ref name=": |
| strength2 = '''October:'''<br>5,000+<ref name=":0"/><br>'''December:'''<br>1,000<ref name=":2"/> | ||
| | casualties1 = '''October:'''<br>Moderate<br>'''December:'''<br>Unknown | | casualties1 = '''October:'''<br>Moderate<br>'''December:'''<br>Unknown | ||
| | casualties2 = '''October:'''<br>Heavy<br>'''December:'''<br>Almost all killed<ref name=":2"/> | | casualties2 = '''October:'''<br>Heavy<br>'''December:'''<br>Almost all killed<ref name=":2"/> | ||
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| }} | }} | ||
| The '''Siege of Perekop''' took place between the ]-] forces and the ]-] together with their ] allies, with destruction of ] and surrounding settlements, between 11 October to 16 December 1663. | The '''Siege of Perekop''' took place between the ]-] forces and the ]-] forces together with their ] allies, with destruction of ] and surrounding settlements, between 11 October to 16 December 1663. | ||
| == Prelude == | == Prelude == | ||
| ] assisted ] during the ] and played an important role in many battles. ] and Grigory Kosagov aimed to devastate ] fortress, launching a number of raids that would weaken its defenses and undermine Tatar aspirations in the war. Ivan Gladkiy and ] took part in these campaigns.<ref>{{Cite book |author=F. H. Turchenko |title=Ukrainian Cossacks a Small encyclopaedia |publisher=Heneza |date=2002 |page=102 |isbn=966-7529-49-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pravo.ru/process/view/19440/|title=Вопросы для допроса Стеньки Разина готовил сам царь|website=pravo.ru|access-date=2024-12-27}}</ref> ] was appointed to lead the defense of Perekop.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://m.realnoevremya.ru/articles/282766-otnosheniya-krymskogo-hanstva-s-kalmyckim-hanstvom-v-xvii-v|title=Особенности калмыцких набегов на Крымское ханство|website=m.realnoevremya.ru|access-date=2024-12-27}}</ref> | ] assisted ] during the ] and played an important role in many battles. ] and ] aimed to devastate ] fortress, launching a number of raids that would weaken its defenses and undermine Tatar aspirations in the war. Ivan Gladkiy and ] took part in these campaigns.<ref>{{Cite book |author=F. H. Turchenko |title=Ukrainian Cossacks a Small encyclopaedia |publisher=Heneza |date=2002 |page=102 |isbn=966-7529-49-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pravo.ru/process/view/19440/|title=Вопросы для допроса Стеньки Разина готовил сам царь|website=pravo.ru|access-date=2024-12-27}}</ref> ] was appointed to lead the defense of Perekop.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://m.realnoevremya.ru/articles/282766-otnosheniya-krymskogo-hanstva-s-kalmyckim-hanstvom-v-xvii-v|title=Особенности калмыцких набегов на Крымское ханство|website=m.realnoevremya.ru|access-date=2024-12-27}}</ref> | ||
| == |
== Campaigns == | ||
| === First Campaign === | === First Campaign === | ||
| Line 44: | Line 44: | ||
| On December 16, Cossacks crushed the Tatar army led by Karach Bey, who was killed with his associates.<ref name=":1"/> Tatars numbered 1,000 troops, Kalmyks didn't take Tatar prisoners and killed everyone.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |author=Kostomarov N. |title=Ruina |publisher=Moscow Charli |date=1995 |page=14 |isbn=586859018X}}</ref> Cossack-Russian forces with Kalmyk allies devastated Perekop and its fortifications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://realnoevremya.ru/articles/284211-krymskie-tatary|title=Набеги запорожцев на ханские владения в Крыму|website=realnoevremya.ru|access-date=2024-12-27}}</ref> | On December 16, Cossacks crushed the Tatar army led by Karach Bey, who was killed with his associates.<ref name=":1"/> Tatars numbered 1,000 troops, Kalmyks didn't take Tatar prisoners and killed everyone.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |author=Kostomarov N. |title=Ruina |publisher=Moscow Charli |date=1995 |page=14 |isbn=586859018X}}</ref> Cossack-Russian forces with Kalmyk allies devastated Perekop and its fortifications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://realnoevremya.ru/articles/284211-krymskie-tatary|title=Набеги запорожцев на ханские владения в Крыму|website=realnoevremya.ru|access-date=2024-12-27}}</ref> | ||
| == Aftermath == | |||
| ] was forced to reduce his support for ] and had to divert Tatar forces to defense of ] from Cossack-Kalmyk attacks.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":4"/> This turned out to be of the main factors in the outcome of ]. | |||
| These campaigns increased the respect, fear and popularity of ] among Cossacks, describing the attitudes surrounding Sirko:<ref name=": |
These campaigns increased the respect, fear and popularity of ] among Cossacks, describing the attitudes surrounding Sirko:<ref name=":3"/> | ||
| {{Blockquote | {{Blockquote | ||
| |text=Everyone was unusually afraid of him; whatever he thought up; he would do, and if anyone wanted to disobey him , they would immediately kill him.|}} | |text=Everyone was unusually afraid of him; whatever he thought up; he would do, and if anyone wanted to disobey him , they would immediately kill him.|}} | ||
| Line 61: | Line 61: | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 07:29, 29 December 2024
| Siege of Perekop | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Russo-Polish War (1654-1667), Russo-Crimean Wars and Ottoman-Cossack Conflict | |||||||||
.JPG) Remains of Ferch-Kermen citadel tower | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Zaporozhian Cossacks Don Cossacks Tsardom of Russia Kalmyk Khanate |
 Crimean Khanate Ottoman Janissaries | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Ivan Sirko Ivan Gladkiy Stenka Razin Grigory Kosagov (WIA) Erke Aturkay |
Murad Giray Karach Bey † Murza Karabcha | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
October: Unknown December: 180 |
October: 5,000+ December: 1,000 | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
October: Moderate December: Unknown |
October: Heavy December: Almost all killed | ||||||||
| Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667 | |
|---|---|
|
The Siege of Perekop took place between the Crimean-Ottoman Janissary forces and the Cossack-Russian forces together with their Kalmyk allies, with destruction of Perekop and surrounding settlements, between 11 October to 16 December 1663.
Prelude
Crimean Khanate assisted Poland-Lithuania during the Russo-Polish War and played an important role in many battles. Ivan Sirko and Grigory Kosagov aimed to devastate Perekop fortress, launching a number of raids that would weaken its defenses and undermine Tatar aspirations in the war. Ivan Gladkiy and Stenka Razin took part in these campaigns. Murad Giray was appointed to lead the defense of Perekop.
Campaigns
First Campaign
On October 11, at night, Cossack-Russian forces begun their assault on Perekop. Sirko commanded infantry units, while Kosagov cavalry units. Infantry attacked Perekop from Crimean side, while cavalry attacked from Russian side.
Cossack-Russian forces managed to capture most of the fortress, but the Janissaries entrenched in the small stone fort within Perekop. While Cossack-Russian forces were trying to capture the fort, 5,000 Ottoman Janissaries and Tatars appeared from nearby villages to assist the besieged Janissaries inside Perekop. Cossack-Russian forces set Perekop on fire, taking many Tatar and Turk captives before being forced to retreat to avoid encirclement. They still had to repel the Turkish-Tatar attacks in process of retreating.
Cossack-Russian forces managed to retreat out of Perekop, but suffered noticeable losses in process. However, Kosagov in his letter to Tsar wrote that his unit managed to avoid significant losses, but he himself was lightly wounded on the leg. Sirko ordered to execute all Tatar and Turk male captives.
Rumours spread about the planned Polish-Tatar invasion of Sich, leading to mass desertions within Kosagov's ranks. Sirko managed to keep his Cossacks under control and Kalmyk troops later arrived to assist Cossack-Russian forces in their attacks on Perekop.
Second Campaign
On December 6, Ivan Sirko led 90 Zaporozhian Cossacks, together with 30 Don Cossacks and 60 Kalmyk troops. Sirko wanted to disrupt the Tatar campaign in support of Polish forces. Cossacks ravaged several Tatar villages and freed over a hundred Rus' captives.
On December 16, Cossacks crushed the Tatar army led by Karach Bey, who was killed with his associates. Tatars numbered 1,000 troops, Kalmyks didn't take Tatar prisoners and killed everyone. Cossack-Russian forces with Kalmyk allies devastated Perekop and its fortifications.
Aftermath
Khan Mehmed IV Giray was forced to reduce his support for Poland-Lithuania and had to divert Tatar forces to defense of Crimea from Cossack-Kalmyk attacks. This turned out to be of the main factors in the outcome of Siege of Hlukhiv.
These campaigns increased the respect, fear and popularity of Ivan Sirko among Cossacks, describing the attitudes surrounding Sirko:
Everyone was unusually afraid of him; whatever he thought up; he would do, and if anyone wanted to disobey him , they would immediately kill him.
References
- ^ Ivan Krypyakevich (1936). History of the Ukrainian army. p. 233.
- ^ Kostomarov N. (1995). Ruina. Moscow Charli. p. 14. ISBN 586859018X.
- ^ "Осада Перекопа в 1663 г." warspot.ru. Retrieved 2024-12-27.
- F. H. Turchenko (2002). Ukrainian Cossacks a Small encyclopaedia. Heneza. p. 102. ISBN 966-7529-49-5.
- "Вопросы для допроса Стеньки Разина готовил сам царь". pravo.ru. Retrieved 2024-12-27.
- ^ "Особенности калмыцких набегов на Крымское ханство". m.realnoevremya.ru. Retrieved 2024-12-27.
- ^ Kostomarov N. (1995). Ruina. Moscow Charli. p. 13. ISBN 586859018X.
- "Набеги запорожцев на ханские владения в Крыму". realnoevremya.ru. Retrieved 2024-12-27.