Battle of Shapur (1919): Difference between revisions

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		⚫	{{Multiple issues\|
		⚫	{{More citations needed\|date=December 2024}}
		⚫	{{Unreferenced section\|date=December 2024}}
		⚫	{{Orphan\|date=December 2024}}
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	{{Infobox military conflict		{{Infobox military conflict
	\| conflict = Battle of Shapur		\| conflict = Battle of Shapur
	\| partof = the ]		\| partof = the ]
	\| date = December 19, ~~1919 - 1920~~ {{sfn\|Pelletiere\|1984\|p=69-70}}		\| date = December 19, 1919–1920 {{sfn\|Pelletiere\|1984\|p=69-70}}
	\| place = ], ], ]		\| place = ], ], ]
	\| result = Kurdish victory		\| result = Kurdish victory
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	\| casualties1 = Unknown		\| casualties1 = Unknown
	\| casualties2 = Hundreds people were massacred		\| casualties2 = Hundreds people were massacred
			}}
⚫	}}{{Multiple issues\|
		⚫	The '''Battle of Shapur''', during ]'s first rebellion, was a battle in which 7,700 irregular militiamen, only 340 of which were armed, massacred the people.{{sfn\|Farrokh\|2011\|p=252}}
⚫	{{~~Refimprove~~\|date=December 2024}}
⚫	{{Unreferenced section\|date=December 2024}}
⚫	{{~~Citation~~ needed\|date=December 2024}}
	{{Refimprove\|date=December 2024}}
⚫	}}'''Battle of Shapur''' ~~During~~ Simko Shikak's first rebellion, ~~Shapur~~ was ~~the~~ battle in which 7,700 irregular militiamen, ~~but~~ only 340 of ~~them~~ were armed, massacred the people.{{sfn\|Farrokh\|2011\|p=252}}

	==Background==		==Background==
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	==Sources==		==Sources==
	* {{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TVObCwAAQBAJ\|title=Iran at War: 1500-1988\|last=Farrokh\|first=Kaveh\|date=2011\|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing\|isbn=978-1-78096-240-5\|language=en}}		* {{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TVObCwAAQBAJ\|title=Iran at War: 1500-1988\|last=Farrokh\|first=Kaveh\|date=2011\|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing\|isbn=978-1-78096-240-5\|language=en}}

	* {{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uRgOAQAAMAAJ\|title=The Kurds: An Historical and Political Study\|last=Arfa\|first=Hassan\|date=1966\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|language=en}}		* {{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uRgOAQAAMAAJ\|title=The Kurds: An Historical and Political Study\|last=Arfa\|first=Hassan\|date=1966\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|language=en}}

	* {{Cite book \|last=Pelletiere \|first=Stephen C. \|url=https://archive.org/details/kurdsunstableele0000pell \|title=The Kurds : an unstable element in the Gulf \|date=1984 \|publisher=Boulder, Colo. : Westview \|others=Internet Archive \|isbn=978-0-89158-689-0}}		* {{Cite book \|last=Pelletiere \|first=Stephen C. \|url=https://archive.org/details/kurdsunstableele0000pell \|title=The Kurds : an unstable element in the Gulf \|date=1984 \|publisher=Boulder, Colo. : Westview \|others=Internet Archive \|isbn=978-0-89158-689-0}}

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Battle of Shapur

Part of the Simko Shikak revolt (1918–1922)

Date

December 19, 1919–1920

Location

Salmas, West Azerbaijan, Iran

Result

Kurdish victory

Local people were massacred

Belligerents

Shekak tribe

Qajar

Commanders and leaders

Simko Shikak

None

Strength

4,000

7,700 people, 340 of whom were armed

Casualties and losses

Unknown

Hundreds people were massacred

The Battle of Shapur, during Simko Shikak's first rebellion, was a battle in which 7,700 irregular militiamen, only 340 of which were armed, massacred the people.

Background

Two critical incidents following the First World War clearly demonstrated the political ineptitude of Qajar authorities. The governor of Rezaich (now Urumiah) had obtained an audience with Simko in February 1919 and appealed to him to stop raiding his city. Simko viewed this appeal as a sign of government weakness, which further emboldened his dream of an independent Kurdish state.

Three months later, Qajar authorities sent Simko a "present" a bomb. The package exploded when opened on April 14, 1919, killing Simko's brother Ali Agha. Simko and his young son survived with slight injuries." This clumsy assassination attempt further alienated Simko, who mobilized his forces for an open rebellion against the government.

Battle and massacre

After the assassination attempt, Simko attacked Shapur with 4,000 men in revenge. Shapur's citizens gathered 7,700 men to resist Simko, but were only able to provide firearms to 340 of them. On December 19, 1919, Shapur's defenses held out fiercely for two days before Simko overcame their defenses. Showing little mercy, Simko had many of the fleeing citizens pursued and killed as they attempted to escape to Tabriz and Sharafkhaneh.

References

Pelletiere 1984, p. 69-70.
Farrokh 2011, p. 252.
Arfa 1966, p. 56.
^ Arfa 1966, p. 57.

Sources

Farrokh, Kaveh (2011). Iran at War: 1500-1988. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78096-240-5.
Arfa, Hassan (1966). The Kurds: An Historical and Political Study. Oxford University Press.
Pelletiere, Stephen C. (1984). The Kurds : an unstable element in the Gulf. Internet Archive. Boulder, Colo. : Westview. ISBN 978-0-89158-689-0.

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