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The '''International Congress of Photography''' ({{langx|fr|'''Congrès international de photographie'''}}) or the '''International Photographic Congress''' was an international ] focused on the study and dissemination of information concerning ]. The '''International Congress of Photography''' ({{langx|fr|Congrès international de photographie}}) or the '''International Photographic Congress''', which was later renamed as '''The International Congress of Scientific and Applied Photography''', was an international ] dedicated to the study and advancement of ]. Active from 1889, it focused on both scientific research and practical applications within the field.


==History== ==History==
It was established to address significant issues pertinent to photographers. The International Photographic Convention was set to take place in ], under the auspices of the French government.<ref name="Photographic Times (1889)">Photographic Times: An Illustrated Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Interests of Artistic and Scientific Photography (p. 468). (1889). United States: Scovill Manufacturing Company.</ref> A ] dated August 2, 1887, established a congress and series of conferences to coincide with the ] in Paris. Subsequently, on July 16, 1888, the Minister of Commerce and Industry, also serving as the Commissioner General for the 1889 Exhibition, issued another resolution nominating the Committee of Organization for the International Photographic Congress.<ref>Scientific American (p. 101). (1889). United States: Munn & Company.</ref> The International Congress of Photography was established to address significant questions pertinent to photographers. It was first suggested by the jury of the Brussels Photographic Exhibition in 1885.<ref name="Anthony's Photographic Bulletin. (1893)"/> At an 1887 meeting of the French Photography Society ({{langx|fr|]}}), M. Stebbing proposed that the Society should organize a Photographic Congress to coincide with the ] in Paris.<ref>The Photographic News: A Weekly Record of the Progress of Photography (p 569). (1887). United Kingdom: Cassell, Petter and Galpin.</ref> The proposition was referred to the Committee of Administration and eventually arranged under the auspices of the French government.<ref name="Photographic Times (1889)">Photographic Times: An Illustrated Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Interests of Artistic and Scientific Photography (p. 468). (1889). United States: Scovill Manufacturing Company.</ref> A ] dated August 2, 1887, offically established a congress and series of conferences. Subsequently, on July 16, 1888, the minister of commerce and industry, also serving as the commissioner general for the 1889 Exhibition, issued another resolution nominating the Committee of Organization for the International Photographic Congress.<ref>Scientific American (p. 101). (1889). United States: Munn & Company.</ref> ], director of the ], was appointed president of the committee, with astronomer ] and chemist ] as vice presidents. Davanne was the vice president of the ]. ] was appointed as the secretary and treasurer. The committee had more than 20 members.<ref>Association belge de photographie. Bulletin (p. 121-122). (1890). Belgium: Association belge de photographie.</ref>


===First International Congress=== ===First International Congress===
From August 6 to 17, 1889, the first International Congress of Photography was held in ], ].<ref>Wilson's Photographic Magazine (p. 93). (1891). United States: Edward L. Wilson.</ref> Ten questions were picked for the first congress's agenda, which was organized in conjunction with the ].<ref name="Photographic Times (1889)"/> ], director of the physical astronomy observatory of Meudon, was appointed president of the organizing committee, with ] and Alphonse Davanne as vice presidents. Davanne was the vice president of the ]. S. Pector was appointed as the secretary and treasurer. The committee had more than 20 members.<ref>Association belge de photographie. Bulletin (p. 121-122). (1890). Belgium: Association belge de photographie.</ref> From August 6 to 17, 1889, the first International Congress of Photography was held in ], ].<ref>Wilson's Photographic Magazine (p. 93). (1891). United States: Edward L. Wilson.</ref>


Ten questions were picked for the first congress's agenda, which was organized in conjunction with the ]. The Congress reviewed and made suggestions on the practical standard for the unit of light, focal length measurement, diaphragm effects, shutter timing, attachment methods, plate sizes, formula expression, process naming, customs procedures for sensitive materials, and artistic property protection in photography.<ref name="Photographic Times (1889)"/>
⚫ The International Congress of Photography held in Paris in 1889 on the occasion of the Universal Exhibition set standard dimensions for certain parts of photographic equipment, such as the screws of the feet of darkrooms, the lens mounts, or their boards and for certain objects used in photography, such as sensitive plates and papers.<ref>Bulletin (p. 645). (1891). Belgium: Association.</ref>


⚫ The 1889 International Congress of Photography set standard dimensions for certain parts of photographic equipment, such as the screws of the feet of darkrooms, the lens mounts, or their boards, and for certain objects used in photography, such as sensitive plates and papers.<ref>Bulletin (p. 645). (1891). Belgium: Association.</ref>
⚫ At the close of the event, the Congress recommended that the next International Congress is scheduled for Brussels in 1890, forming a committee to manage the preparations.<ref name="Photographic Times (1889)"/>

⚫ At the close of the event, the Congress recommended that the next International Congress be hosted by Belgium in 1890, forming a committee to manage the preparations.<ref name="Photographic Times (1889)"/>


===Second International Congress=== ===Second International Congress===
The second International Photographic Congress was held in ] in August 1891.<ref>Anthony's Photographic Bulletin. (1893). United States: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company.</ref> The second International Photographic Congress was set for ] in August 1891.<ref name="Anthony's Photographic Bulletin. (1893)">Anthony's Photographic Bulletin. (1893). United States: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company.</ref>

⚫ The Belgian organizing committee was composed of members of the ], formerly one of the leading photographic organizations in Belgium. The committee included J. Maes as president, Alexandre de Blochouse as vice president, Charles Puttemans as the secretary general, and Aimé Rutot as a committee member.<ref name="Bulletin. (1891)"/>


Beginning on the 23rd of August, the opening session of the International Congress took place at the ].<ref name="Bulletin. (1891)">Bulletin (p. 631-632). (1891). Belgium: Association.</ref> Similar to 1889, another large congress of renowned photographers spent several hours each day over multiple days meticulously discussing a range of practical issues and proposing standards, among other recommendations.<ref>Anthony's Photographic Bulletin (p. 514). (1893). United States: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company.</ref>
⚫ The Belgian organizing committee was comprised of members of the Association Belge de Photographie. The committee included J. Maes as president, Alexandre de Blochouse as vice president, Charles Puttemans as the secretary general, and Aimé Rutot as a committee member. Beginning on the 23rd of August, the opening session of the International Congress took place at the ]. <ref>Bulletin (p. 631-632). (1891). Belgium: Association.</ref>


===Third International Congress=== ===Third International Congress===
] reported the next meeting of the International Congress of Photography was to be held at ] in 1893.<ref>The Photographic Journal of America ... (p. 719). (1892). United States: Benerman & Wilson.</ref> From August 21 to 26, the congress was complemented by an international exposition of photography organized by the Association of Swiss Photographers and the Genevese Society of Photography from August 1 to 31.<ref>The American Amateur Photographer (p. 328). (1893). United States: (n.p.).</ref> In 1900, the third International Congress of Photography was held in Paris from July 23 to 28.<ref>International Congress Of Photography. 3D. Paris 1900 & Pector, S. (1900) International Congress of Photography held in Paris from July 23 to 28. / Summary proceedings by MS Pector, Secretary General of the Congress . Paris, Imprimerie nationale.</ref> The congress continued the work of the previous international congresses held at Paris in 1889 and at Brussels in 1891.<ref>The American Amateur Photographer (p. 474). (1899). United States: American Photographic Publishing Company.</ref> S. Pector returned as the secretary general of the Congress.<ref>Process Photogram. (1899). United Kingdom: Art and Technic.</ref>


===Fourth International Congress=== ===Fourth International Congress===
In 1905, the fourth International Congress of Photography took place in ], ].<ref name="The Optical Instrument Monthly: Treating of Precision and Scientific Apparatus Generally, But Particularly that Involving the Principle of Magnification. For the User, Maker and Seller. (1905)">The Optical Instrument Monthly: Treating of Precision and Scientific Apparatus Generally, But Particularly that Involving the Principle of Magnification. For the User, Maker and Seller (p. 19). (1905). United States: E.P. Buffet.</ref>
In 1900, the fourth International Congress of Photography was held in Paris from July 23 to 28.<ref>International Congress Of Photography. 3D. Paris 1900 & Pector, S. (1900) International Congress of Photography held in Paris from July 23 to 28. / Summary proceedings by MS Pector, Secretary General of the Congress . Paris, Imprimerie nationale.</ref> The congress continued the work of the previous international congresses held at Paris in 1889 and at Brussels in 1891.<ref>The American Amateur Photographer (p. 474). (1899). United States: American Photographic Publishing Company.</ref> S. Pector was the Secretary General of the Congress.<ref>Process Photogram. (1899). United Kingdom: Art and Technic.</ref>

General Hippolyte Sebert, on behalf of the Permanent International Committee, presented a report on the "Standardization of Screws Entering into the Construction of Photographic Apparatus"..<ref name="The Optical Instrument Monthly: Treating of Precision and Scientific Apparatus Generally, But Particularly that Involving the Principle of Magnification. For the User, Maker and Seller. (1905)"/>


===Fifth International Congress=== ===Fifth International Congress===
] hosted the fifth International Congress of Photography in 1910, coinciding with the ].<ref>The Photographic Journal: Publication of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain and the Photographic Alliance. (1926). United Kingdom: The Society.</ref> ] hosted the fifth International Congress of Photography in 1910, coinciding with the ].<ref>The Photographic Journal: Publication of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain and the Photographic Alliance. (1926). United Kingdom: The Society.</ref>

The support of leading societies from Belgium and France, plus various local committees, was secured. For eight shillings (ten francs), members of the Congress were granted all benefits, including a report copy when it was published.<ref>Photography and Focus (p. 43). (1910). United Kingdom: Iliffe.</ref>


===Sixth International Congress=== ===Sixth International Congress===
The sixth Congress was held in Paris, France, from June 29 to July 4, 1925.<ref name="The Seventh International Congress of Photography. Nature 122, 221–222 (1928)"/><ref>British Journal of Photography Annual (p. 223). (1926). Unite d Kingdom: Henry Greenwood & Company Limited.</ref> ] exhibited extremely fine-lined graticules at the Congress.<ref>Industrial Diamond Review (p. 173). (1956). United Kingdom: N. A. G. Press.</ref> The sixth International Photographic Congress was held in Paris, France, from June 29 to July 4, 1925.<ref name="The Seventh International Congress of Photography. Nature 122, 221–222 (1928)"/><ref>British Journal of Photography Annual (p. 223). (1926). Unite d Kingdom: Henry Greenwood & Company Limited.</ref>
] notably exhibited extremely fine-lined graticules at the Congress.<ref>Industrial Diamond Review (p. 173). (1956). United Kingdom: N. A. G. Press.</ref>

The delegates of ] had invited the Congress to hold its next session in England in 1928.<ref>Bulletin. (1928). France: Société française de photographie..</ref><ref>Revue d'optique théorique et instrumentale (p. 327). (1928). France: (n.p.).</ref>


===Seventh International Congress=== ===Seventh International Congress===
The delegates of ] had invited the Congress to hold its next session in England in 1928.<ref>Bulletin. (1928). France: Société française de photographie..</ref><ref>Revue d'optique théorique et instrumentale (p. 327). (1928). France: (n.p.).</ref> From July 9 to 14, 1928, ] hosted the seventh International Congress of Photography.<ref name="The Seventh International Congress of Photography. Nature 122, 221–222 (1928)">The Seventh International Congress of Photography. Nature 122, 221–222 (1928). https://doi.org/10.1038/122221a0</ref> From July 9 to 14, 1928, ] hosted the seventh International Congress of Photography.<ref name="The Seventh International Congress of Photography. Nature 122, 221–222 (1928)">The Seventh International Congress of Photography. Nature 122, 221–222 (1928). https://doi.org/10.1038/122221a0</ref>

The proceedings of the 1928 International Congress of Photography were published by W. Heffer & Sons Ltd in ].<ref>List of National Bureau of Standards Publications on Photography by Members of the Staff of the National Bureau of Standards (p. 4). (1950). United States: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards.</ref>

===Eighth International Congress===
By the eighth convention, the name of the congress was changed to "The International Congress of Scientific and Applied Photography".<ref name="Miscellaneous Publication - National Bureau of Standards. (1934)">Miscellaneous Publication - National Bureau of Standards (p. 16). (1934). United States: The Bureau.</ref>

The eighth International Congress of Scientific and Applied Photography took place in ], from August 3 to 8 in 1931, with the final day's events moved to ].<ref name="The Photographic Journal: Publication of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain and the Photographic Alliance. (1932)">The Photographic Journal: Publication of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain and the Photographic Alliance. (1932). United Kingdom: The Society.</ref> The agenda of the session was concerning ] standardization and ] standardization.<ref name="Miscellaneous Publication - National Bureau of Standards. (1934)"/> It was attended by Canadian photographer ].<ref>Pauli, L., Watkins, M. (2012). Margaret Watkins: Domestic Symphonies. Norway: National Gallery of Canada.</ref>

===Ninth International Congress===
The ninth International Congress was held in the rooms of the ] in Paris from July 7 to 13, 1935.<ref>The New Photo-miniature (p. 168). (1935). United States: Tennant and Ward.</ref>


==Congress locations and dates== ==Congress locations and dates==
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| 3rd || 1893 || ], ] || | 3rd || 1900 || ], ] ||
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| 4th || 1900 || ], ] || | 4th || 1905 || ], ] ||
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| 5th || 1910 || ], ] || | 5th || 1910 || ], ] ||
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Latest revision as of 11:49, 30 December 2024

Photography conference
International Congress of Photography
Congrès international de photographie
GenrePhotography conference
Location(s)Varies
CountryVaries
Founded1889; 136 years ago (1889), Paris, France

The International Congress of Photography (French: Congrès international de photographie) or the International Photographic Congress, which was later renamed as The International Congress of Scientific and Applied Photography, was an international conference dedicated to the study and advancement of photography. Active from 1889, it focused on both scientific research and practical applications within the field.

History

The International Congress of Photography was established to address significant questions pertinent to photographers. It was first suggested by the jury of the Brussels Photographic Exhibition in 1885. At an 1887 meeting of the French Photography Society (French: Société française de photographie), M. Stebbing proposed that the Society should organize a Photographic Congress to coincide with the Exposition Universelle of 1889 in Paris. The proposition was referred to the Committee of Administration and eventually arranged under the auspices of the French government. A ministerial order dated August 2, 1887, offically established a congress and series of conferences. Subsequently, on July 16, 1888, the minister of commerce and industry, also serving as the commissioner general for the 1889 Exhibition, issued another resolution nominating the Committee of Organization for the International Photographic Congress. Jules Janssen, director of the Meudon Observatory, was appointed president of the committee, with astronomer Charles Wolf and chemist Alphonse Davanne as vice presidents. Davanne was the vice president of the Société française de photographie. Sosthène Pector was appointed as the secretary and treasurer. The committee had more than 20 members.

First International Congress

From August 6 to 17, 1889, the first International Congress of Photography was held in Paris, France.

Ten questions were picked for the first congress's agenda, which was organized in conjunction with the 1889 Paris Exposition. The Congress reviewed and made suggestions on the practical standard for the unit of light, focal length measurement, diaphragm effects, shutter timing, attachment methods, plate sizes, formula expression, process naming, customs procedures for sensitive materials, and artistic property protection in photography.

The 1889 International Congress of Photography set standard dimensions for certain parts of photographic equipment, such as the screws of the feet of darkrooms, the lens mounts, or their boards, and for certain objects used in photography, such as sensitive plates and papers.

At the close of the event, the Congress recommended that the next International Congress be hosted by Belgium in 1890, forming a committee to manage the preparations.

Second International Congress

The second International Photographic Congress was set for Brussels, Belgium in August 1891.

The Belgian organizing committee was composed of members of the Association Belge de Photographie, formerly one of the leading photographic organizations in Belgium. The committee included J. Maes as president, Alexandre de Blochouse as vice president, Charles Puttemans as the secretary general, and Aimé Rutot as a committee member.

Beginning on the 23rd of August, the opening session of the International Congress took place at the Brussels Town Hall. Similar to 1889, another large congress of renowned photographers spent several hours each day over multiple days meticulously discussing a range of practical issues and proposing standards, among other recommendations.

Third International Congress

In 1900, the third International Congress of Photography was held in Paris from July 23 to 28. The congress continued the work of the previous international congresses held at Paris in 1889 and at Brussels in 1891. S. Pector returned as the secretary general of the Congress.

Fourth International Congress

In 1905, the fourth International Congress of Photography took place in Liège, Belgium.

General Hippolyte Sebert, on behalf of the Permanent International Committee, presented a report on the "Standardization of Screws Entering into the Construction of Photographic Apparatus"..

Fifth International Congress

Brussels, Belgium hosted the fifth International Congress of Photography in 1910, coinciding with the Universal Exhibition.

The support of leading societies from Belgium and France, plus various local committees, was secured. For eight shillings (ten francs), members of the Congress were granted all benefits, including a report copy when it was published.

Sixth International Congress

The sixth International Photographic Congress was held in Paris, France, from June 29 to July 4, 1925.

Emanuel Goldberg notably exhibited extremely fine-lined graticules at the Congress.

The delegates of The Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain had invited the Congress to hold its next session in England in 1928.

Seventh International Congress

From July 9 to 14, 1928, London hosted the seventh International Congress of Photography.

The proceedings of the 1928 International Congress of Photography were published by W. Heffer & Sons Ltd in Cambridge, England.

Eighth International Congress

By the eighth convention, the name of the congress was changed to "The International Congress of Scientific and Applied Photography".

The eighth International Congress of Scientific and Applied Photography took place in Dresden, Germany, from August 3 to 8 in 1931, with the final day's events moved to Berlin. The agenda of the session was concerning sensitometric standardization and motion-picture standardization. It was attended by Canadian photographer Margaret Watkins.

Ninth International Congress

The ninth International Congress was held in the rooms of the Société française de photographie in Paris from July 7 to 13, 1935.

Congress locations and dates

Number Year Location Notes
1st 1889 Paris, France
2nd 1891 Brussels, Belgium
3rd 1900 Paris, France
4th 1905 Liège, Belgium
5th 1910 Brussels, Belgium
6th 1925 Paris, France
7th 1928 London, England
8th 1931 Dresden, Germany
9th 1935 Paris, France

References

  1. ^ Anthony's Photographic Bulletin. (1893). United States: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company.
  2. The Photographic News: A Weekly Record of the Progress of Photography (p 569). (1887). United Kingdom: Cassell, Petter and Galpin.
  3. ^ Photographic Times: An Illustrated Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Interests of Artistic and Scientific Photography (p. 468). (1889). United States: Scovill Manufacturing Company.
  4. Scientific American (p. 101). (1889). United States: Munn & Company.
  5. Association belge de photographie. Bulletin (p. 121-122). (1890). Belgium: Association belge de photographie.
  6. Wilson's Photographic Magazine (p. 93). (1891). United States: Edward L. Wilson.
  7. Bulletin (p. 645). (1891). Belgium: Association.
  8. ^ Bulletin (p. 631-632). (1891). Belgium: Association.
  9. Anthony's Photographic Bulletin (p. 514). (1893). United States: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company.
  10. International Congress Of Photography. 3D. Paris 1900 & Pector, S. (1900) International Congress of Photography held in Paris from July 23 to 28. / Summary proceedings by MS Pector, Secretary General of the Congress . Paris, Imprimerie nationale.
  11. The American Amateur Photographer (p. 474). (1899). United States: American Photographic Publishing Company.
  12. Process Photogram. (1899). United Kingdom: Art and Technic.
  13. ^ The Optical Instrument Monthly: Treating of Precision and Scientific Apparatus Generally, But Particularly that Involving the Principle of Magnification. For the User, Maker and Seller (p. 19). (1905). United States: E.P. Buffet.
  14. The Photographic Journal: Publication of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain and the Photographic Alliance. (1926). United Kingdom: The Society.
  15. Photography and Focus (p. 43). (1910). United Kingdom: Iliffe.
  16. ^ The Seventh International Congress of Photography. Nature 122, 221–222 (1928). https://doi.org/10.1038/122221a0
  17. British Journal of Photography Annual (p. 223). (1926). Unite d Kingdom: Henry Greenwood & Company Limited.
  18. Industrial Diamond Review (p. 173). (1956). United Kingdom: N. A. G. Press.
  19. Bulletin. (1928). France: Société française de photographie..
  20. Revue d'optique théorique et instrumentale (p. 327). (1928). France: (n.p.).
  21. List of National Bureau of Standards Publications on Photography by Members of the Staff of the National Bureau of Standards (p. 4). (1950). United States: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards.
  22. ^ Miscellaneous Publication - National Bureau of Standards (p. 16). (1934). United States: The Bureau.
  23. The Photographic Journal: Publication of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain and the Photographic Alliance. (1932). United Kingdom: The Society.
  24. Pauli, L., Watkins, M. (2012). Margaret Watkins: Domestic Symphonies. Norway: National Gallery of Canada.
  25. The New Photo-miniature (p. 168). (1935). United States: Tennant and Ward.
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