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{{Short description|Main airport serving Houston, Texas, United States}} | |||
{| width="25%" align="right" border="1" | |||
{{Redirect2|Intercontinental Airport|Intercontinental airport|the Mexican airport|Querétaro Intercontinental Airport|the general topic|International airport}} | |||
!align="center" bgcolor="#0099FF" colspan="4"|''George Bush Intercontinental Airport'' | |||
{{Redirect|Bush airport|simple airfields known as "bush airfields"|Bush flying}} | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2014}} | |||
{{Infobox airport | |||
| name = George Bush Intercontinental Airport | |||
| ensign = | |||
| ensign_size = | |||
| ensign_alt = | |||
| nativename = | |||
| nativename-a = | |||
| nativename-r = | |||
| image = Houston airports logo blue.png | |||
| image_size = 150px | |||
| image_alt = | |||
| caption = | |||
| image2 = IAH BVA.jpg | |||
| image2_size = 250px | |||
| image2_alt = | |||
| caption2 = | |||
| IATA = IAH | |||
| ICAO = KIAH | |||
| FAA = IAH | |||
| TC = | |||
| LID = | |||
| GPS = | |||
| WMO = 72243 | |||
| type = Public | |||
| owner-oper = ] | |||
| owner = | |||
| operator = | |||
| city-served = ] | |||
| location = ], ], ] | |||
| opened = {{start date and age|1969|06|08}} | |||
| closed = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | |||
| passenger_services_ceased = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | |||
| hub = ] | |||
| focus_city = <!-- If more than one airline, use {{Unbulleted list|Airline1|Airline2}} --> | |||
| operating_base = ] | |||
| built = <!-- military airports --> | |||
| used = <!-- military airports --> | |||
| commander = <!-- military airports --> | |||
| occupants = <!-- military airports --> | |||
| timezone = ] | |||
| utc = ] | |||
| summer = CDT | |||
| utcs = ] | |||
| elevation-f = 97 | |||
| elevation-m = 30 | |||
| metric-elev = yes | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|29|59|04|N|095|20|29|W|region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} | |||
| website = {{URL|www.fly2houston.com/iah}} | |||
| image_map = IAH Diagram.pdf | |||
| image_mapsize = | |||
| image_map_alt = | |||
| image_map_caption = FAA airport diagram | |||
| mapframe = yes | |||
| pushpin_map = | |||
| pushpin_mapsize = | |||
| pushpin_map_alt = | |||
| pushpin_map_caption = | |||
| pushpin_relief = | |||
| pushpin_image = | |||
| pushpin_label = | |||
| pushpin_label_position = | |||
| pushpin_mark = | |||
| pushpin_marksize = | |||
| r1-number = 15L/33R | |||
| r1-length-f = 12,001 | |||
| r1-length-m = 3,658 | |||
| r1-surface = ] | |||
| r2-number = 15R/33L | |||
| r2-length-f = 10,000 | |||
| r2-length-m = 3,048 | |||
| r2-surface = Concrete | |||
| r3-number = 9/27 | |||
| r3-length-f = 10,000 | |||
| r3-length-m = 3,048 | |||
| r3-surface = Concrete | |||
| r4-number = 8L/26R | |||
| r4-length-f = 9,000 | |||
| r4-length-m = 2,743 | |||
| r4-surface = Concrete | |||
| r5-number = 8R/26L | |||
| r5-length-f = 9,402 | |||
| r5-length-m = 2,866 | |||
| r5-surface = Concrete | |||
| metric-rwy = yes | |||
| h1-number = | |||
| h1-length-f = | |||
| h1-length-m = | |||
| h1-surface = <!-- up to h12 --> | |||
| stat1-header = Passengers | |||
| stat1-data = 46,192,499 | |||
| stat2-header = Aircraft operations | |||
| stat2-data = 422,003 | |||
| stat-year = 2023 | |||
| footnotes = Sources: Fly2Houston.com<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fly2houston.com/newsroom/media-kit/traffic-and-statistics|title=IAH Airport Annual Data from HAS (Houston Airport System) Statistics Dashboard|website=fly2houston.com|accessdate= June 22, 2024 }}</ref> and ]<ref name="FAA">{{FAA-airport|ID=IAH|use=PU|own=PU|website=27013.1*A}}, effective November 28, 2024</ref> | |||
}} | |||
'''George Bush Intercontinental Airport''' {{airport codes|IAH|KIAH|IAH}}<ref name="fly2houston1">{{cite web |title=About George Bush Intercontinental Airport |website=Fly2Houston.com |url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/3526120/0/0/ |publisher=Houston Airport System |access-date=April 28, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012055807/http://www.fly2houston.com/0/3526120/0/0/ |archive-date=October 12, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> is an ] in ], ], ], serving the ] metropolitan area. Initially named '''Houston Intercontinental Airport''' upon its opening in 1969, it was renamed in honor of ], the 41st ] and a resident of Houston, in 1997.<ref name="AboutcomIAHGuide"/> It is also commonly called '''Houston International Airport''' or '''George Bush International Airport'''. | |||
Located about {{convert|23|mi|km}} north of ]<ref name="fly2houston1"/> between ] and ]/] with direct access to the ] expressway, George Bush Intercontinental Airport has scheduled flights to a large number of domestic and international destinations covering five continents. It is the busiest airport in Texas for international passenger traffic and a number of international destinations, the ] as of 2021 and the ] for total passenger traffic as of 2022 | |||
IAH covers {{convert|10,000|acre|km2}} of land and has five runways.<ref name="FAA" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://skyvector.com/airport/IAH/George-Bush-Intcntl-Houston-Airport|title=IAH airport data at skyvector.com|website=skyvector.com|access-date=August 18, 2022 }}</ref> Houston Intercontinental is one of the largest passenger ] for ]<ref></ref> and formerly also served as a hub for defunct ] and ]. | |||
==History== | |||
===20th century=== | |||
] tower in December 2006]] | |||
A group of ] businessmen purchased the site for Bush Intercontinental Airport in 1957 to preserve it until the city of Houston could formulate a plan for a new airport as a replacement for ] (at the time known as Houston International Airport). The holding company for the land was named the Jet Era Ranch Corporation, but a typographical error transformed the words "Jet Era" into "Jetero" and the airport site subsequently became known as the Jetero airport site. Although the name Jetero was no longer used in official planning documents after 1961, the airport's eastern entrance was named Jetero Boulevard. Most of Jetero Boulevard was later renamed ] Parkway. | |||
The City of Houston ] the Intercontinental Airport area in 1965. This annexation, along with the 1965 annexations of the Bayport area, the Fondren Road area, and an area west of ], resulted in a gain of {{convert|51251|acre|ha}} of land for the city limits.<!--Print version exclusively has the information cited; the information is ''not'' included in the online edition--><ref name="Annexbitter">{{cite news|title=Annexed Kingwood Split on Effects|first=Renée C.|last=Lee|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/4243441.html|newspaper=]|date=October 8, 2006|access-date=July 6, 2011|page=A21}}</ref> | |||
'''Houston Intercontinental Airport''', which was the original name for the airport, opened in June 1969.<ref name="AboutcomIAHGuide">Intercontinental Airport" '']''</ref> The airport's IATA code of IAH derived from the stylization of the airport's name as "Intercontinental Airport of Houston."<ref name="Jen">{{cite book|first=Robert|last=Jen |title=Trivia Why's |date=January 15, 2024 |volume=2 |page= 55|publisher=Sebesta Enterprises | isbn=9780974900377|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mWVkO0m0Co8C&dq=%22intercontinental+airport+of+houston%22&pg=PA55}}</ref><ref name="ASCE">{{cite book|first=Adil|last=Godiwalla|chapter=Rehabilitation of Runway 9-27 at the Intercontinental Airport of Houston|title=The 2020 Vision of Air Transportation|date=January 15, 2024 |page= 325|publisher=American Society of Civil Engineers| isbn=9780784405307|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=boZTAAAAMAAJ&q=%22intercontinental+airport+of+houston%22}}</ref> All scheduled passenger airline service formerly operated from ] moved to Intercontinental upon the airport's completion. Hobby remained open as a ] airport and was once again used for scheduled passenger airline jet service two years later when ] initiated ] service nonstop between Hobby and ] in 1971.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Hobby |url=http://www.fly2houston.com/houHistoryOfHobby |website=Fly2Houston.com |publisher=Houston Airport System |access-date=April 28, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230013/http://www.fly2houston.com/houHistoryOfHobby |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> | |||
In the late 1980s, ] considered a plan to rename the airport after ]—an African-American ] who died in an ] in ]. Instead of renaming the whole airport, the city named Mickey Leland International Arrivals Building, which would later become Mickey Leland Terminal D, after the congressman. In April 1997, Houston City Council unanimously voted to rename the airport '''George Bush Intercontinental Airport/Houston''', after ], the 41st president of the United States.<ref name="AboutcomIAHGuide"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Airport Renamed for Bush |agency=] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-04-18-mn-50133-story.html |newspaper=] |date=April 18, 1997 |access-date=May 2, 2013}}</ref> The name change took effect on May 2, 1997.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jicha |first=Tom |date=May 2, 1997 |title=Houston Airport renamed after Bush |url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1997-05-02-9705010484-story.html |work=] |access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref> | |||
On August 28, 1990, Continental Airlines agreed to build its maintenance center at George Bush Intercontinental Airport; Continental agreed to do so because the city of Houston agreed to provide city-owned land near the airport.<ref>{{cite news |title=Houston Gets Continental Hangars. Airline May Shift 1,000 Colo. Jobs to Texas|first=Adriel|last=Bettelheim|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DP&p_theme=dp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB1D1AB07042CA2&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|newspaper=]|date=August 29, 1990|access-date=January 23, 2010|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | |||
At the time of the opening of IAH in 1969, domestic scheduled passenger airline flights were being operated by ], Braniff International Airways, Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Eastern Air Lines, National Airlines and Houston-based ], which had formerly operated as Trans-Texas Airways.<ref>June 1, 1969, Official Airline Guide (OAG), Houston flight schedules</ref> International flights at this time were being flown by Pan American World Airways with ten nonstop flights a week operated with ] jetliners to Mexico City; ] operating ] jets four days a week to Amsterdam via an intermediate stop in Montreal; Braniff International with ] services several times a week to ]; and Aeronaves de Mexico (now ]) flying ] jets to ], ], ], ] and Mexico City several days a week.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/pa.htm |title=Pan American World Airways system timetables |date=June 1, 1969 |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/bn.htm |title=Braniff International Airways system timetables |date=March 15, 1969 |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/kl.htm |date=June 15, 1969 |title=KLM Royal Dutch Airlines system timetable |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/am.htm |date=June 1, 1969 |title=Aeronaves de Mexico system timetable |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> Texas International was also operating direct services to Mexico at this time with ] jets to ] and ] turboprop flights to ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.departedflights.com/TI070170p12.html |date=July 1, 1970 |title=Texas International Airlines system timetable |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> | |||
KLM introduced ] services in 1971 and by 1974 ] was operating four nonstop Boeing 747 flights a week to both Paris and Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/kl/htm |date=May 15, 1971 |title=KLM Royal Dutch Airlines system timetable |access-date=August 24, 2015 }} {{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/af.htm |date=April 1, 1974 |title=Air France system timetable |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> Also in 1974, Continental, Pan Am, and National were operating ] wide body jetliners into IAH while Delta was flying ] wide body jets with both types being operated on respective domestic routes from the airport by these airlines; with National also operating Boeing 747s on a Miami–Houston–Los Angeles routing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.departedflights.com/IAH74intro.html |date=April 1, 1974 |title=Official Airline Guide (OAG), Houston (IAH) flight schedules |access-date=August 25, 2015}}</ref> | |||
By the late 1970s, ] had begun nonstop flights between ] in the Caribbean and Intercontinental with ] jets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/kx.htm |date=December 15, 1979 |title=Cayman Airways system timetable |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> Cayman Airways served the airport for many years, operating a variety of aircraft including ], ], ], ] and ] jetliners into IAH in addition to the BAC One-Eleven.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.departedflights.com|title= Official Airline Guide (OAG) editions, Houston (IAH) flight schedules|website=Deaprtedflights.com|access-date=2016-06-11}}</ref> In 1977, ], commenced nonstop flights between London's ] and Houston with ] service, and later with ] and ] service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-caledonian.com/BCal_Texas_-_IAH_photos.html|title=BCal Texas IAH Photos|website=british-caledonian.com|access-date=2018-04-23}}</ref> ] continued operating the route, when in December 1987, BA took over B-Cal increasing its frequency on the route to double-daily. | |||
By July 1983, the number of domestic and international air carriers serving Intercontinental had grown substantially. American, Continental, Delta and Eastern had been joined by ], Southwest Airlines, ], United Airlines, ] and ].<ref name="departedflights.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.departedflights.com/IAHintro.html |date=July 1, 1983 |title=Official Airline Guide (OAG), Houston (IAH) flight schedules |access-date=August 25, 2015}}</ref> Western was operating daily ] wide body jet services nonstop to ] at this time, with this flight also offering one-stop services to ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.departedflights.com|date=July 1, 1983|title=Official Airline Guide (OAG)|website=Departedflights.com|access-date=2016-06-11}}</ref> International services were being operated by ], ], ], Continental Airlines, Eastern Air Lines, ], ], TACA, TWA and ] in addition to Pan Am, KLM, Air France, Aeroméxico and Cayman Airways.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.departedflights.com/IAHI83intro.html |date=July 1, 1983 |title=International Official Airline Guide (OAG), Houston (IAH) flight schedules |access-date=August 25, 2015}}</ref> Several commuter and regional airlines were also operating passenger services at this time from IAH including ] (operating as ]), Metro Airlines, ] and ].<ref name="departedflights.com"/> Metro Airlines was operating "cross-town" shuttle services with ] turboprops with up to seventeen round trip flights a day between IAH and the ] ] located near the ] and also up to nine round trip flights a day between the airport and ] as well as other flights to regional destinations in Texas and Louisiana.<ref name="departedflights.com"/> In addition, at this same time the airport had scheduled helicopter airline services operated by Executive Helicopters with ] helicopters to four Houston-area ]s with up to 36 round trip flights a day.<ref name="departedflights.com"/> | |||
===21st century=== | |||
] | |||
], ], ], and ] aircraft]] | |||
Since Houston was not an approved gateway for U.S. to ] flights under the ], ], and ] flew their London services to ]. British Airways, keen to allow its passengers access to connections at its larger ] hub, subsequently flew various routings from Houston to Heathrow, via a gateway approved technical stop, allowing its Houston originating flights to land at Heathrow. While keeping a daily Houston–Gatwick flight, British Airways operated a flight from Houston to Heathrow via ], with the technical stop being later changed to ] and finally to ]. In March 2008, the Bermuda II agreement was replaced with the EU–US ], allowing Continental Airlines and British Airways to switch its London services from Houston to Heathrow Airport that summer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ata/u/uk/176322.htm|title=U.S.-U.K. Bermuda II of July 23, 1977|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=2018-04-23|language=en-US}}</ref> Gate BA presently operates double-daily flights to London's Heathrow Airport with ] and ] service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishairways.com/travel/schedules/public/en_us|title=British Airways - Timetables|website=britishairways.com|language=en|access-date=2018-04-23}}</ref> | |||
As of 2007, ] A and B remain from the airport's original design. ] Terminal C opened in 1981, the Mickey Leland International Arrivals Building (now called Terminal D) opened in May 1990, and the new Terminal E partially opened on June 3, 2003. The rest of Terminal E opened on January 7, 2004. Terminal D is the arrival point for all international flights except for United flights, which use Terminal E. Flights from Canada on Air Canada and WestJet arrive in terminal A. Terminal D also held customs and ] until the opening of the new Federal Inspection Service (FIS) building, completed on January 25, 2005.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Better-Serving the World Since 2005 |url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/88845/0/1906D1934/ |date=January 9, 2007 |publisher=Houston Airport System |access-date=April 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120120929/http://www.fly2houston.com/0/88845/0/1906D1934/ |archive-date=November 20, 2008}}</ref> | |||
On January 7, 2009, a Continental Airlines ] departing Bush Intercontinental was the first U.S. commercial jet to fly on a mix of conventional ] and ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Continental Flight Powered with biofuel Takes Off |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=] |date=January 7, 2009 }}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=John |last=Porretto |title=Continental Flight Powered with biofuel Takes Off |work=] |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2009-01-08-continental-biofuel-flight_N.htm |agency=Associated Press |date=January 8, 2009 |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> | |||
In December 2009, the Houston City Council approved a plan to allow Midway Cos. to develop {{convert|10|acre|ha}} of land owned by ] (HAS) on the grounds of Bush Airport. Midway planned to develop a travel center for the airport's rental car facility. The city dictated the developer needed to place a convenience store and gas station facility, a flight information board, a fast casual restaurant, and a sit-down restaurant in the development. Beyond the required buildings, the developer planned to add an office facility of between {{convert|20000|and|40000|sqft|sqm}} and additional retail space.<ref>{{cite news|title=Council Gives Go Ahead to $50M MXD Plan|first=Amy|last=Wolff–Sorter|url=http://www.globest.com/news/1557_1557/houston/182634-1.html|publisher=]|date=December 14, 2009|access-date=December 19, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103032100/http://www.globest.com/news/1557_1557/houston/182634-1.html|archive-date=January 3, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | |||
In 2011, United Airlines began ] services to ]; this was the airport's first nonstop flight to the African continent. In May 2016, United ended the Houston–Lagos service citing the inability to repatriate revenue sold locally in Nigerian currency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/flights/todayinthesky/2016/05/27/united-airlines-stop-flying-africa/85027594/|title=United Airlines ending its last flight to Africa|first=Ben|last=Mutzabaugh|website=USA Today}}</ref> ] previously operated nonstop ] services in 1983 between Houston and ] in the ] islands off the coast of Africa as a refueling stop for its flights between Houston and ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Houston Gets First Scheduled Non-stop Flight to Africa|first=Jenalia|last=Moreno|url=http://www.chron.com/business/article/Houston-gets-first-scheduled-nonstop-flight-to-2271125.php|newspaper=Houston Chronicle|date=November 15, 2011|access-date=November 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.departedflights.com|date=July 1, 1983|title=Worldwide Edition, Official Airline Guide (OAG), Houston (IAH) flight schedules|website=Departedflights.com|access-date=2016-06-11}}</ref> Continental was also planning to commence nonstop ] services to ] in New Zealand but these plans were canceled as a reaction to new international flights at Hobby Airport announced by ].<ref>{{cite news |title=United to Cut 1,300 Houston Jobs as Southwest Wins New Hub|first1=Mary|last1=Schlangenstein|first2=Mary Jane|last2=Credeur|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-30/southwest-wins-houston-council-support-for-flights-abroad.html|work=]|date=May 30, 2012|access-date=April 28, 2013}}</ref> United — which acquired Continental and had fully integrated it into the United brand by early 2012 — had postponed the introduction of this service owing to delays associated with the ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Continental Will Delay 1st Houston-New Zealand Flight|first=Jenalia|last=Moreno|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/continental/7326425.html|newspaper=Houston Chronicle|date=December 6, 2010|access-date=April 28, 2013}}</ref> Its 787s were put to use on other international routes, however, including Houston–London and United's then-new Houston–Lagos nonstop flights. The Houston–Auckland nonstop route was then begun by ] using a ]. In 2014, United added a second daily flight to Tokyo and new routes to Munich, Germany; Santiago, Chile; and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, and it restarted the Aruba route, which had been canceled in 2012. | |||
In August 2012, ] switched its daily Houston–Frankfurt route to an ] from a ], making Houston the first airport in Texas to receive A380 service. In addition, Lufthansa has also operated the ] on the route. Dubai-based carrier Emirates has also operated the A380 on the Dubai-Houston route. | |||
IAH became the first airport in North America to have nonstop flights to every inhabited continent in 2017, with the addition of ], but lost this claim when ] ended its nonstop flight to ]. The airport regained this status in December 2019 when ] launched service to ] in ] and ] in ].<ref name="onemileatatime.com">{{Cite web|url=https://onemileatatime.com/ethiopian-airlines-houston/|title=Ethiopian Airlines Launching Houston Flights|date=September 12, 2019|website=One Mile at a Time}}</ref> | |||
On September 7, 2017, United announced the launch of flights from Houston to ], using a 787-9. The Houston–Sydney service, at {{convert|8,596|miles|km}}, is currently United's longest nonstop route. Additionally, it surpassed ]' Dubai route as the longest flight at IAH.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hub.united.com/Newsroom|title=Newsroom|website=United Hub}}</ref> | |||
In January 2019, ] became the latest international carrier to announce new service, three-times weekly, to Addis Ababa. The route will be Addis Ababa–Lome–Houston, and the airline is replacing its Los Angeles gateway for Houston. The route will be serviced using the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and will be the city's only gateway to Africa after service to Lagos, Nigeria, was canceled by United Airlines. Service was supposed to begin in June 2019, but was delayed until December 2019. Service began on December 16, 2019. Ethiopian Airlines has since discontinued the route.<ref name="onemileatatime.com"/> | |||
In October 2020, Southwest Airlines announced it would return to Bush airport for the first time since it stopped serving the airport in 2005. Service began in April 2021 with five nonstop destinations, augmenting the several dozen destinations it serves from Hobby airport.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/houston/news/2020/12/10/southwest-sets-start-date-for-iah-service.html |title=Southwest Airlines sets start date for George Bush Intercontinental Airport service |date=December 10, 2020 |website= The Business Journals|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> In 2024, however, Southwest suspended the service to Bush airport once again. | |||
On July 20, 2022, ] crew base plans were cleared. It was also announced that Spirit will bring 500 new jobs to the Houston Area. They added Bush airport as their tenth crew base and Focus city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gerbasich |first=Katie |date=2022-07-20 |title=Spirit Airlines brings 450 jobs to Houston with new crew base cleared for launch |url=https://abc13.com/spirit-airlines-jobs-iah-airport-flight-attendant-houston-pilot/12062885/ |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=ABC13 Houston |language=en}}</ref> | |||
In 2020, George Bush Intercontinental Airport began undergoing a $1.3 billion capital improvement program called the IAH Terminal Redevelopment Program (ITRP).<ref name="Schafler">{{Cite web|last=Schafler|first=Kelly|date=2020-08-03|title=$1.3B airport plan could bring international business, construction jobs to Houston region|url=https://communityimpact.com/houston/lake-houston-humble-kingwood/development/2020/08/03/13b-airport-plan-could-bring-international-business-construction-jobs-to-houston-region/|access-date=2021-06-21|website=impact|language=English}}</ref> The flagship project of this program is the construction of the Mickey Leland International Terminal (MLIT), which will consolidate what is today Terminal D and Terminal E into one centralized terminal including a shared ticketing, departure, and arrival hall.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bush Airport's Expansion Program Moves Forward {{!}} Houston Airport System|url=https://www.fly2houston.com/newsroom/articles/bush-airports-expansion-program-moves-forward|access-date=2021-06-21|website=www.fly2houston.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Terminal D will be extensively refurbished with a new concourse, Pier D West, being constructed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IAH Terminal Redevelopment Program (ITRP) Update|url=https://www.houstontx.gov/council/committees/econdev/20200617/ITRP.pdf}}</ref> The ITRP should be complete by late 2024 or early 2025. Future expansion plans call for a Central D and East D pier to be built as passenger numbers grow, with the full project being capable of handling 33 million enplaned international passengers annually.<ref name="Schafler"/> | |||
==Facilities== | |||
===Terminals=== | |||
] | |||
George Bush Intercontinental Airport has five terminals and 121 total gates. <ref name="IAHMap">{{cite web |title=Maps - Houston Airport System |url=https://iahmaps.fly2houston.com/?s=W3siaWQiOiJvbmxpbmUvaGVhZGVyT25saW5lIiwic2VhcmNoIjoiIiwiaXNTZWFyY2hDb25maXJtZWQiOmZhbHNlfSx7ImlkIjoib25saW5lL3BvaVZpZXcifSx7ImlkIjoib25saW5lL2dldERpcmVjdGlvbnNGcm9tVG8ifSx7ImlkIjoidmVudWVEYXRhTG9hZGVyIn0seyJpZCI6Im1hcFJlbmRlcmVyIiwidnAiOnsibGF0IjoyOS45ODA1MDAwMDAwMDAwMDYsImxuZyI6LTk1LjM0MDYsInpvb20iOjEzLjc5NTEzMzgyNzk5ODI0OCwiYmVhcmluZyI6MCwicGl0Y2giOjB9LCJvcmQiOjJ9XQ%3D%3D |access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref> The ] automated people mover system provides ] connections between all five terminals.<ref>{{cite press release |title=$1.2 Billion in Improvements for Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport |url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/815936/0/1906D1940/ |publisher=Houston Airport System |date=April 7, 2008 |access-date=April 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224160039/http://www.fly2houston.com/0/815936/0/1906D1940/ |archive-date=December 24, 2008}}</ref> The ] provides ] connections between the five terminals and the airport hotel.<ref>{{cite web |title=Non–Secure Inter–Terminal Passenger Conveyance Alternatives |url=http://www.leaelliott.com/assets/files/40582-008-001.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512202805/http://www.leaelliott.com/assets/files/40582-008-001.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |publisher=Lea Elliot, Inc.|access-date=July 1, 2013}}</ref> Terminals D & E have access to an international arrivals facility, and Terminal D has gates to support ]s including the ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Baggage - Houston Airports System |url=https://www.fly2houston.com/iah/arrivals-term-d-e |access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref> | |||
*'''Terminal A''' is primarily used by non-United domestic carriers. It contains 20 gates.<ref name="IAHMap" /> | |||
*'''Terminal B''' is used for ] flights. It contains 30 gates.<ref name="IAHMap" /> | |||
*'''Terminal C''' is used for United domestic flights. It contains 29 gates.<ref name="IAHMap" /> | |||
*'''Terminal D''' is used for non-United international flights. It contains 18 gates.<ref name="IAHMap" /> | |||
*'''Terminal E''' is used for United international flights. It contains 24 gates.<ref name="IAHMap" /> | |||
===Ground transportation=== | |||
From ] one can travel to George Bush Intercontinental by taking ]/] (Eastex Freeway) to ] or to Will Clayton Parkway, and access the airport from either road. From Downtown one could also take ] (North Freeway), connect to Beltway 8, and enter the airport from the Beltway.<ref name="Simons">{{cite news |title=Airport Info Houston Intercontinental Airport|first=Janet|last=Simons |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RM&p_theme=rm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB4DB7D8E995734&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |newspaper=] |location=Denver |date=October 11, 1992 |access-date=February 7, 2012 |pages=5T}}</ref> The Hardy Toll Road has an exit from the north or south to the airport. | |||
The ], or METRO, offers bus services available at the south side of Terminal C. The 102 Bush IAH Express serves the airport. Previously, METRO also operated an express bus service known as Airport Direct, launched in the summer of 2008, which traveled from ] to Terminal C via the ] of the Eastex Freeway ]/].<ref name="BushIAHGroundTransport">{{cite web |title=Ground Transportation |url=http://www.fly2houston.com/iah-ground-transportation |website=Fly2Houston.com |publisher=Houston Airport System |access-date=April 28, 2013 |archive-date=April 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424222459/http://www.fly2houston.com/iah-Ground-Transportation |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Use METRO's Airport Direct to Get to/from Houston Intercontinental Airport |url=http://www.continental.com/web/en-US/apps/onepass/promotions/registrationDetails.aspx?promoCode=A6008 |website=] |access-date=January 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308042706/http://www.continental.com/web/en-US/apps/onepass/promotions/registrationDetails.aspx?promoCode=A6008 |archive-date=March 8, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=102 Bush IAH Express |website=RideMetro.org |url=http://www.ridemetro.org/MetroPDFs/Schedules/BusSchedules/n102-Bush-IAH-Express.pdf |publisher=] |date=August 17, 2015 |access-date=August 25, 2015}}</ref> In 2010, in an effort to increase ridership and maximize revenue, METRO reduced the fare of Airport Direct and closed a dedicated passenger plaza for the service in Downtown Houston; instead, the bus stopped at several downtown hotels.<ref>{{cite news |title=Metro Cuts Fare and Reroutes Shuttle to IAH |first=Chris |last=Moran |url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7327381.html |newspaper=Houston Chronicle|date=December 6, 2010|access-date=December 7, 2010}}</ref> The fare each way was reduced from $15 to $4.50. The fare change increased ridership levels but reduced cash flow. METRO consistently provided the service at an operational loss.<ref>{{cite news |title=Metro Airport Link Gets Riders, but Not Revenue |first=Carol |last=Christian |url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7598504.html |newspaper=Houston Chronicle|date=June 6, 2011|access-date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> However, in the summer of 2011, METRO announced it was discontinuing the Airport Direct service, while the Route 102 local service (which serves the greater ] business and residential district before traveling on I-45 to access downtown) continued to operate.<ref>{{cite news |title=Metro Moves to Eliminate Airport Direct Service |first=Carol|last=Christian |url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7669918.html |newspaper=Houston Chronicle|date=July 26, 2011|access-date=July 26, 2011}}</ref> | |||
As of 2016 the Taiwanese airline EVA Air operates a shuttle bus service from Bush IAH to ] in the ] so DFW based customers may fly on its services to and from Houston.<ref>" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905090133/http://www.evaair.com/en-us/check-in-baggage-and-airports/shuttle-bus-service/dallas-houston-dallas-free-shuttle-service-schedule/ |date=September 5, 2015 }}." EVA Air. Retrieved February 29, 2016.</ref> Previously ], also a Taiwanese carrier, provided a shuttle bus service to ] and the ].<ref>"," ''China Airlines''</ref> It ended in 2008 when China Airlines ended its Houston passenger service.<ref name="Curtail">Hensel, Bill, Jr. "." '']''. January 11, 2008. Retrieved November 20, 2012.</ref> | |||
Carriers provide scheduled bus and shuttle services to locations from IAH to ]/], ], ], ], the ], hotels in the ] and ] business districts, the city of ] and ]. Super Shuttle uses shared vans to provide services from George Bush Intercontinental Airport to the surrounding communities.<ref name="BushIAHGroundTransport" /> | |||
===Artwork=== | |||
] member countries plus the ] titled "Light Spikes" located outside the airport entrance]] | |||
]'s "Light Wings", a multicolored glass sculpture suspended below a skylight, adorns the Terminal A North Concourse.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Portfolio:North Concourse Sculpture|url=http://www.edcarpenter.net/portfolio/0305.html|publisher=]|date=June 1, 2001|access-date=December 30, 2006}}</ref> In Terminal A, South Concourse stands ]'s "Countree Music." Allen's piece is a cast bronze tree that plays instrumental music by ] and ], though the music is normally turned off. The corridor leading to Terminal A displays ]'s "Passing Through," a {{convert|200|ft|m|adj=on}} etched glass wall depicting airport travelers.<ref>{{cite press release|title=George Bush Intercontinental Airport Renovation|url=http://www.cachh.org/civic/artistprojectpages/httpwww.cachh.orgcivicartistprojectpagesproj_aviation_green.html|publisher=Houston Arts Alliance|date=June 1, 2001|access-date=December 30, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209021741/http://www.cachh.org/civic/artistprojectpages/httpwww.cachh.orgcivicartistprojectpagesproj_aviation_green.html|archive-date=February 9, 2007|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | |||
The elevators in Terminal B are cased in stainless steel accordion shaped structures designed by Rachel Hecker.<ref>{{cite press release|title=George Bush Intercontinental Airport Renovation|url=http://www.cachh.org/civic/artistprojectpages/proj_aviation_hecker.html|publisher=Houston Arts Alliance|date=June 1, 2001|access-date=December 30, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209021613/http://www.cachh.org/civic/artistprojectpages/proj_aviation_hecker.html|archive-date=February 9, 2007|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The corridor leading to Terminal B has ]'s "Houston Bayou." This work is composed of an {{convert|8|x|75|ft|m|abbr=on}} Byzantine glass mosaic mural depicting scenes from Houston's bayous and wetlands, several bronze animals embedded in the floor, and five mosaic columns. | |||
"Lights Spikes," designed by Jay Baker, was created for the 1990 ] Summit when it was hosted by President George H. W. Bush in Houston. The sculpture was relocated to the airport outside E Terminal after the meetings, from its original location in front of the ]. The columns lean at a ten-degree angle toward a central point that represents Houston. The distance between each "spike" and this point is relative to the distance between Houston and the capitals of the countries the flags represent. The countries represented are the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Canada, Italy and Germany, as well as the European community.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airport Art |url=http://www.fly2houston.com/AirportArt |website=Fly2Houston.com |publisher=Houston Airport System |access-date=April 28, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423231724/http://fly2houston.com/airportArt |archive-date=April 23, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The airport has a display of lighted modern sculptures between terminals C and D.<ref name="Simons"/> | |||
'']'', LED-illuminated towers on JFK Boulevard, is the most prominent sculpture around the airport.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hardy|first1=Michael|date=October 10, 2013|title=SLIDESHOW: New IAH Art|url=https://www.houstoniamag.com/arts-and-culture/2013/10/slideshow-the-art-of-flight-october-2013|journal=]|access-date=May 18, 2021}}</ref> | |||
===Other facilities=== | |||
The airport houses an on-site hotel, a ], between Terminals B and C and is accessible via the landside inter-terminal train which runs every 3 minutes from 3:30 am to 12:30 am every day. The hotel has 573 rooms, one restaurant and bar, a concierge lounge, a coffee shop, health club, sundry shop and a conference center.<ref>{{cite web |title=Houston Airport Marriott at George Bush Intercontinental |url=http://www.marriott.com/hotels/travel/iahap-houston-airport-marriott-at-george-bush-intercontinental/ |website=Marriott |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> | |||
A ] station, identified as IAH, is located on the airport property, south of runway 33L.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.airnav.com/airport/KIAH |title=AirNav: George Bush Intercontinental/Houston Airport |access-date=July 16, 2020 }}</ref> | |||
==Airlines and destinations== | |||
===Passenger=== | |||
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| ] | ], ] (ends April 21, 2025),<ref>https://aviationa2z.com/index.php/2024/12/20/frontier-airlines-cut-some-routes-launched-in-2024/</ref> ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] <br />'''Seasonal:''' ] (resumes May 22, 2025),<ref>https://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2024/12/23/frontier-cut-cvg-routes-boston-houston-will-return.html</ref> ], ], ] (begins March 6, 2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=Frontier Airlines 1Q25 Various Network Resumptions |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/241120-f91q25 |website=Aeroroutes |access-date=20 November 2024}}</ref> |<ref name="FrontierRoutes">{{cite web|title=Frontier|url=https://www.flyfrontier.com|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> | |||
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| ] | ], ] (both end April 1, 2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=Singapore Airlines Drops Manchester-Houston Route|url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airports-networks/singapore-airlines-drops-manchester-houston-route|website=aviationweek|access-date=12 August 2024}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite web|title=Flight schedules|url=https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/plan-and-book/your-booking/flightschedule/|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> | |||
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| ] | ], ], ]<br />'''Seasonal:''' ], ] |<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Destination|url=https://www.vivaaerobus.com/en/destinations/all-destinations|access-date=March 17, 2018}}</ref> | |||
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| ] | ], ], ] (begins March 30, 2025)<ref name=VOIUSA>{{cite web|url=https://aviacionline.com/2024/10/volaris-lanza-cuatro-nuevas-rutas-a-estados-unidos-desde-monterrey/|title=Volaris launches four new routes to the United States from Monterrey|language=Spanish|website=Aviacionline|date=October 2024|accessdate=October 12, 2024}}</ref> |<ref name="VolarisRoutes" /> | |||
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| ] | ] |<ref name="VolarisRoutes">{{cite web|title=Volaris Flight Schedule|url=http://cms.volaris.com/en/travel-with-volaris/flight-information/complete-timetable-of-our-flights/|access-date=April 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227151536/http://cms.volaris.com/en/travel-with-volaris/flight-information/complete-timetable-of-our-flights/|archive-date=February 27, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
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| ] | ] (begins March 5, 2025)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/226129/ZIPAIR-to-Launch-Flights-between-Houston-and-Tokyo-Narita-Expanding-International-Network-in-North-America|title=ZIPAIR to Launch Flights between Houston and Tokyo Narita Expanding International Network in North America|website=newsfile|date=October 10, 2024|access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zipair.net/en/about|title=Zipair Basic Information|work=]|access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> | |||
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===Cargo=== | |||
{{More citations needed section|date=December 2023}}{{Airport destination list | 3rdcoltitle = Refs | 3rdcolunsortable=yes | |||
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==Statistics== | |||
===Top destinations=== | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;" | |||
|+Busiest Domestic Routes from IAH (January 2023 – December 2023)<ref>{{cite web |title=Houston, TX: George Bush Intercontinental/Houston (IAH)|url=https://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp?20=E&Nv42146=VNU&Nv42146_anzr=U175610,%20gk:%20Tr14tr%20O75u%20V06r4p106v0r06ny/U175610&pn44vr4=SNPgf|publisher=]|access-date=March 25, 2024}}</ref> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Rank | |||
!align="center" bgcolor="#0099FF" colspan="4"|Quick Info | |||
! City | |||
! Passengers | |||
! Carriers | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|1 | |||
!colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Type of Airport</small> | |||
| ] | |||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>commercial</small> | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|799,000 | |||
| American, Spirit, United | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|2 | |||
!colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Run by</small> | |||
| ] | |||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>City of Houston</small> | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|793,000 | |||
| Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|3 | |||
!colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"|<small>Opened</small> | |||
| ] | |||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>]</small> | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|709,000 | |||
| Delta, Spirit, United | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|4 | |||
!colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"|<small>City</small> | |||
| ] | |||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>], ], ]</small> | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|668,000 | |||
| American, Spirit, United | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|5 | |||
!colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"|<small>]</small> | |||
| ] | |||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|<small>{{coor dms|29|58|55|N|95|20|45|W|type:airport_area:us}} | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|627,000 | |||
| Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|6 | |||
! bgcolor="lightgrey"|<small>]</small> | |||
| ] | |||
|<small>IAH</small> | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|607,000 | |||
! bgcolor="lightgrey"|<small>]</small> | |||
| American, United, Frontier, Spirit | |||
|<small>KIAH</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|7 | |||
!bgcolor="#0099FF" colspan="4"|Runways | |||
| ] | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|580,000 | |||
| Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|8 | |||
!bgcolor="lightgrey" rowspan="2"|<small>Direction</small> | |||
| ] | |||
!bgcolor="lightgrey" colspan="2"|<small>Length</small> | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|571,000 | |||
!bgcolor="lightgrey" rowspan="2"|<small>Surface</small> | |||
| Spirit, United | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|9 | |||
!bgcolor="lightgrey"|<small>Feet</small> | |||
| ] | |||
!bgcolor="lightgrey"|<small>Meters</small> | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|554,000 | |||
| United | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|10 | |||
!align="left" valign="top"|<small>08L/26R</small> | |||
| ] | |||
|valign="top"|<small>9,000</small> | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|462,000 | |||
|valign="top"|<small>2,743</small> | |||
| American, Delta, Spirit, United | |||
|valign="top"|<small>Paved</small> | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;" | |||
|+Busiest International Routes from IAH (January 2023 – December 2023)<ref name="internationalreport">{{cite web|title=BTS Air Carriers : T-100 International Market (All Carriers)|url=http://www.transtats.bts.gov/DL_SelectFields.asp?Table_ID=260|access-date=June 13, 2019}}</ref> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Rank | |||
!align="left" valign="top"|<small>08R/26L</small> | |||
! City | |||
|valign="top"|<small>9,402</small> | |||
! Passengers | |||
|valign="top"|<small>2,866</small> | |||
! Carriers | |||
|valign="top"|<small>Paved</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|1 | |||
!align="left" valign="top"|<small>09/27</small> | |||
| {{flagicon|Mexico}} ] | |||
|valign="top"|<small>10,000</small> | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|888,909 | |||
|valign="top"|<small>3,048</small> | |||
| Aeroméxico, United, Viva Aerobus, Volaris | |||
|valign="top"|<small>Paved</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|2 | |||
!align="left" valign="top"|<small>15L/33R</small> | |||
| {{flagicon|Mexico}} ] | |||
|valign="top"|<small>12,001</small> | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|838,138 | |||
|valign="top"|<small>3,658</small> | |||
| Frontier, Spirit, Sun Country, United | |||
|valign="top"|<small>Paved</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|3 | |||
!align="left" valign="top"|<small>15R/33L</small> | |||
| {{flagicon|El Salvador}} ] | |||
|valign="top"|<small>9,999</small> | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|775,279 | |||
|valign="top"|<small>3,048</small> | |||
| Avianca El Salvador, Spirit, United, Volaris El Salvador | |||
|valign="top"|<small>Paved</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|4 | |||
!bgcolor="#0099FF" colspan="4"|Statistics | |||
| {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} ] | |||
| style="text-align:center;" |506,698 | |||
| British Airways, United | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;" |5 | |||
!colspan="4" bgcolor="lightgrey"|<small>1997</small> | |||
| {{flagicon|Mexico}} ] | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|463,065 | |||
| Spirit, United, Viva Aerobus | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;" |6 | |||
! colspan="3"|<small>Number of Passengers</small> | |||
| {{flagicon|Germany}} ] | |||
|<small>28,705,213</small> | |||
| style="text-align:center;" |363,478 | |||
| Lufthansa, United | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;" |7 | |||
! colspan="3"|<small>Number of Takeoffs/Landings</small> | |||
| {{flagicon|Guatemala}} ] | |||
|<small>402,585</small> | |||
| style="text-align:center;" |344,208 | |||
| Spirit, United | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;" |8 | |||
!colspan="4" bgcolor="red"|<small><font color="#000000">]</font></small> | |||
| {{flagicon|Mexico}} ] | |||
| style="text-align:center;" |328,830 | |||
| United, Viva Aerobus, Volaris | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|9 | |||
| {{flagicon|Canada}} ] | |||
| style="text-align:center;"|303,679 | |||
| United, WestJet | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-align:center;" |10 | |||
| {{flagicon|Canada}} ] | |||
| style="text-align:center;" |289,238 | |||
| Air Canada, United | |||
|} | |} | ||
===Airline market share=== | |||
__NOTOC__ <!--move it higher--> | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%" | |||
'''George Bush Intercontinental Airport''' is twenty miles north of ] ], ], ]. | |||
|+ '''Largest airlines at IAH <br />(January 2023 - December 2023)'''<ref name="flyhouston.com">{{cite web | url=https://fly2houston.com/newsroom/media-kit/traffic-and-statistics | title=flyhouston}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
! Rank | |||
! Airline | |||
! Passengers | |||
! Share | |||
|- | |||
| 1 | |||
| ] | |||
| 33,387,750 | |||
| 72.28% | |||
|- | |||
| 2 | |||
| ] | |||
| 2,931,004 | |||
| 6.35% | |||
|- | |||
| 3 | |||
| ] | |||
| 2,179,192 | |||
| 4.72% | |||
|- | |||
| 4 | |||
| ] | |||
| 1,967,765 | |||
| 4.26% | |||
|- | |||
| 5 | |||
| ] | |||
| 1,189,075 | |||
| 2.57% | |||
|- | |||
| 6 | |||
| Other Airlines | |||
| 4,537,713 | |||
| 9.82% | |||
|} | |||
===Annual traffic=== | |||
The ] is Texas's second largest air facility, after the ]. | |||
{{Airport-Statistics|iata=IAH}} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%" | |||
It is located between ] and ], inside the Houston city limits in the ] area, and is adjacent to ]. | |||
|+ Annual passenger traffic (enplaned + deplaned) at IAH, 2002–Present<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fly2houston.com/newsroom/media-kit/traffic-and-statistics|title=IAH Airport Annual Passengers 2002-Present Via Houston Airport System (HAS) Statistics Dashboard|website=fly2houston.com|accessdate= June 22, 2024}}</ref> | |||
! Year | |||
Bush Intercontinental has flights to other parts of the ], as well as to ], ], ], and ]. | |||
! Passengers | |||
! % Change | |||
! Year | |||
! Passengers | |||
! % Change | |||
! Year | |||
! Passengers | |||
! % Change | |||
|- | |||
|2002||33,913,759||—||2012||39,890,756||{{decrease}}{{0}}0.7%||2022||40,979,422||{{increase}}{{0}}21.7% | |||
|- | |||
|2003||34,208,217||{{increase}}{{0}}0.9%||2013||39,799,414||{{decrease}}{{0}}0.2%||2023||'''46,192,499'''||{{increase}}{{0}}12.7% | |||
|- | |||
|2004||36,513,098||{{increase}}{{0}}6.7%||2014||41,257,384||{{increase}}{{0}}3.7% | |||
|- | |||
|2005||39,716,583||{{increase}}{{0}}8.8%||2015||43,023,224||{{increase}}{{0}}4.3% | |||
|- | |||
|2006||42,550,432||{{increase}}{{0}}7.1%||2016||41,692,372||{{decrease}}{{0}}3.1% | |||
|- | |||
|2007||42,998,040||{{increase}}{{0}}1.1%||2017||40,372,190||{{decrease}}{{0}}2.3% | |||
|- | |||
|2008||41,708,580||{{decrease}}{{0}}3.0%||2018||43,807,720||{{increase}}{{0}}7.6% | |||
|- | |||
|2009||40,007,354||{{decrease}}{{0}}4.1%||2019||45,276,595||{{increase}}{{0}}3.4% | |||
|- | |||
|2010||40,479,569||{{increase}}{{0}}1.2%||2020||18,217,426||{{decrease}}{{0}}59.8% | |||
|- | |||
|2011||40,187,442||{{decrease}}{{0}}0.7%||2021||33,677,118||{{increase}}{{0}}84.9% | |||
|} | |||
==Accidents and incidents== | |||
''George Bush Intercontinental'', named after ], the 41st ] and father of the current President ], is the hub of ], and, because of its closeness to their hub in ], ] also keeps a large presence there. A long list of Texas, domestic, and international cities are served non stop from this airport. | |||
*February 1, 1975: a ] N15HC of Horizon Properties crashed on approach when the port wing collided with an electricity pylon. The aircraft was on a domestic non-scheduled passenger flight from ], Oklahoma, to ], Texas. The flight was diverted to Houston for weather. Of the 16 occupants,<ref name=ASN010275a>{{cite web |title=Accident description|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19750201-0|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|access-date=August 19, 2010}}</ref> two crew and three passengers were killed.<ref name=FI240476>{{cite web |title=Flight International|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976%20-%200724.html?tracked=1|page=1090|work=FlightGlobal|date=April 24, 1976|access-date=April 28, 2013}}</ref> | |||
*August 23, 1990: a ] operated by Rowan Drilling Company; power loss in an engine after take-off resulted in a failed attempt to regain altitude en route to ]. The aircraft crashed on departure from Runway 15L and came to rest midfield along a parallel taxiway. There were three fatalities.<ref>{{cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Grumman G-159 Gulfstream I N80RD Houston–Intercontinental Airport, TX (IAH)|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19900823-0|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|date=August 23, 1990|access-date=April 28, 2013}}</ref> | |||
*On September 11, 1991, ] was on descent to the airport when it suffered a structural failure because of improper maintenance, killing all 14 people on board. | |||
*February 19, 1996: a Continental Airlines ] operating as Continental Airlines Flight 1943 from ], arriving in Houston, landed with its landing gear in the stowed position on Runway 27. The aircraft slid for {{convert|6915|ft|m}} on its belly before stopping on the runway {{convert|140|ft|m}} left of the runway centerline approximately at the departure end of the runway. There were no fatalities and only minor injuries. The aircraft was written off.<ref>{{cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 N10556 Houston–Intercontinental Airport, TX (IAH)|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19960219-0 |website=Aviation Safety Network |date=February 19, 1996 |access-date=April 28, 2013}}</ref> | |||
*January 13, 1998, a ] operated by American Corporate Aviation crashed {{convert|2|mi}} east of IAH descending below the glideslope. Both occupants were killed.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=19980113-2|title=N627WS|wikibase=no}}</ref> | |||
*February 23, 2019: ], a Boeing 767-300ERF operated for ] crashed into ] while on approach, {{convert|30|mi}} southeast of the airport. All three crewmembers were killed. | |||
==References== | |||
Houston Intercontinental Airport, as it was originally known, was opened in ]. It had taken all passenger traffic from ], known back then as Houston International Airport. Hobby Airport reopened under its current name several years later. The Mickey Leland International Airlines building was opened in ] ], and the new ] E was partially opened on ], ]. The rest of terminal E opened on ], ]. The new Federal Inspection Service (FIS) building was completed on ], ]. | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
==External links== | |||
Houston Intercontinental Airport was renamed George Bush Intercontinental Airport/Houston in ] and retains its ], '''IAH'''. Houston is seen by many as a nice hub due to location, especially for flights into ]. Many also feel that the airport is well organized. | |||
{{Wikivoyage}} | |||
{{Commons category|George Bush Intercontinental Airport}} | |||
The underground inter-terminal train links all of the five terminals of the airport together. Unfortunately, the passenger must go out of the sanitized zone to board the train. However, Terminals B and C have the Terminalink, a train in the sanitized zone. There are also walkways between C, D, and E. | |||
* | |||
* | |||
]'s ] is slated to come to George Bush Intercontinental from downtown. | |||
* {{FAA-diagram|05461}} | |||
Bush Intercontinental Airport has five terminals and encompasses 10,000 ]s (40 ]²). It is the ninth busiest in the United States for total passengers, and fourteenth busiest worldwide. | |||
George Bush Intercontinental Airport has five ]. | |||
==Terminal A== | |||
*] (Calgary) | |||
*] (Toronto Pearson) | |||
*] (Chicago O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Miami) | |||
*] (Dallas/Fort Worth) | |||
*] (Phoenix, Las Vegas) | |||
*] dba ] (Atlanta, Cincinnati) | |||
*] dba ] (Washington Dulles) | |||
*] dba ] (Cincinnati) | |||
*] (Atlanta, Cincinnati, Salt Lake City) | |||
*] (Denver) | |||
*] (Minneapolis/Saint Paul) | |||
*] (Denver, Chicago O'Hare, San Francisco) | |||
*] (Charlotte, Pittsburgh; Washington National starting February 6, 2005) | |||
==Terminal B== | |||
*] (Alexandra, Atlanta, Austin, Bakersfield, Baton Rouge, Beaumont, Birmingham, Boise, Brownsville, Charleston (SC), Charleston (WV), Charlotte, Chicago O'Hare, Cincinnati, Colorado Springs, Columbia (SC), Columbus, Corpus Christi, Dallas-Ft. Worth, Dallas Love Field, Dayton, Des Moines, El Paso, Fayeteville (AR), Ft. Walton Beach, Grand Rapids, Greensboro, Greenville, Gulfport, Harlingen, Huntsville, Indianapolis, Jackson, Jacksonville, Killeen, Kansas City, Knoxville, Lafayette, Lake Charles, Laredo, Lexington, Little Rock, Louisville, Lubbock, McAllen, Memphis, Midland, Milwaukee, Mobile, Nashville, Nassau, New Orleans, Norfolk, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Orlando, Palm Springs, Pensacola, Pittsburgh, Raleigh-Durham, Richmond, Salt Lake City, Sarasota/Bradenton, Savannah, Shreveport, St. Louis, Tallahassee, Toronto, Tucson, Tulsa, Washington Dulles, West Palm Beach, Wichita) | |||
*] (Detroit, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Memphis) | |||
*] dba ] (Abilene TX, Beaumont, College Station, Monroe LA, San Angelo, Texarkana, Tyler TX, Victoria TX, Waco) | |||
==Terminal C== | |||
(Lewis W. Cutter Terminal C) | |||
*] | |||
** Flights to the ], ], and ] (Albuquerque, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore/Washington, Birmingham, Boston, Calgary, Chicago O'Hare, Cleveland, Columbus, Dallas-Ft. Worth, Denver, Detroit, Edmonton, El Paso, Ft. Lauderdale, Ft. Myers, Gulfport, Gunnison, Hartford, Hayden, Honolulu, Indianapolis, Kahului, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, McAllen, Miami, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Montrose/Telluride, New Orleans, New York La Guardia, Newark, Oakland, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Ontario, Orange County (Santa Ana), Orlando, Pensacola, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Raleigh-Durham, Reno, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), San Juan, Seattle, Tampa, Toronto, Tucson, Tulsa, Vail/Eagle, Vancouver, Washington Dulles, Washington Reagan, West Palm Beach) | |||
==International Terminal D== (] International Airlines Building) | |||
===Commercial=== | |||
*] (]) | |||
*] (]) | |||
*] (]) | |||
*] (], ]) | |||
*] (] Gatwick, ] Heathrow via ] O'Hare) | |||
*] (]) | |||
*] (] via ]) | |||
*] (]) | |||
*] (]) | |||
*] (]) | |||
*] (] via ] UK and via ] UK and ]) | |||
===]=== | |||
*] (] via ] and ], service was scheduled to begin October 5, 2004 but has been delayed) | |||
*] dba ] (] and ]) | |||
==International Terminal E== | |||
*] - ], ], ], and ] (Acapulco, Agana, Belize City, Bogota, Cancun, Caracas, Cozumel, Grand Cayman, Guadalajara, Guatemala City, Ixtapa, Liberia (CR), Lima, London Gatwick, Managua, Merida, Mexico City, Montego Bay, Monterrey, Panama City, Paris De Gaulle, Puerto Vallarta, Quito, Rio de Janeiro, Roatan, San Jose del Cabo, San Jose (CR), San Pedro Sula, San Salvador, Sao Paulo, Tegucigalpa, Tokyo Narita) | |||
*] - ] (Acapulco, Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Ciudad Del Carmen, Durango, Guadalajara, Huatulco, Ixtapa, Leon/Guanajuato, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Mexico City, Monclova, Monterrey, Morelia, Oaxaca, Puebla, Puerto Vallarta, Saltillo, San Jose del Cabo, San Luis Potosi, Tampico, Toluca, Torreon, Veracruz, Villahermosa) | |||
==]== | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
==The Past== | |||
In the past, this airport was also served by ], ], and ]. | |||
==Major incidents== | |||
*On ], ], ], which was flying on a Houston-]-] route, made an emergency landing at ] in ]; about half of the passengers died of smoke and fire. | |||
==Trivia== | |||
This airport is named after ], who is alive as of ] ]. Another Houston Airport, ], when it was called Houston Municipal Airport, had its name briefly changed to ] Airport in 1938, but because Mr Hughes was alive at the time, the airport's name was changed back to Houston Municipal. There appear to be no plans to change the name from George Bush Intercontinental Airport. | |||
==External links== | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
{{US-airport|IAH}} | |||
{{Airports Owned by the City of Houston}} | |||
] | |||
{{Major US Airports}} | |||
] | |||
{{George H. W. Bush}} | |||
{{Authority control}} | |||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] |
Latest revision as of 21:05, 25 December 2024
Main airport serving Houston, Texas, United States "Intercontinental Airport" and "Intercontinental airport" redirect here. For the Mexican airport, see Querétaro Intercontinental Airport. For the general topic, see International airport. "Bush airport" redirects here. For simple airfields known as "bush airfields", see Bush flying.
George Bush Intercontinental Airport | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Airport type | Public | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Owner/Operator | Houston Airport System | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Serves | Greater Houston | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Location | Houston, Texas, U.S. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opened | June 8, 1969; 55 years ago (1969-06-08) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hub for | United Airlines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating base for | Spirit Airlines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Time zone | CST (UTC−06:00) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC−05:00) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation AMSL | 30 m / 97 ft | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coordinates | 29°59′04″N 095°20′29″W / 29.98444°N 95.34139°W / 29.98444; -95.34139 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Website | www | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FAA airport diagram | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Runways | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statistics (2023) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sources: Fly2Houston.com and Federal Aviation Administration |
George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IATA: IAH, ICAO: KIAH, FAA LID: IAH) is an international airport in Houston, Texas, United States, serving the Greater Houston metropolitan area. Initially named Houston Intercontinental Airport upon its opening in 1969, it was renamed in honor of George H. W. Bush, the 41st president of the United States and a resident of Houston, in 1997. It is also commonly called Houston International Airport or George Bush International Airport.
Located about 23 miles (37 km) north of Downtown Houston between Interstate 45 and Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59 with direct access to the Hardy Toll Road expressway, George Bush Intercontinental Airport has scheduled flights to a large number of domestic and international destinations covering five continents. It is the busiest airport in Texas for international passenger traffic and a number of international destinations, the second-busiest airport in Texas as of 2021 and the 15th busiest in the United States for total passenger traffic as of 2022
IAH covers 10,000 acres (40 km) of land and has five runways. Houston Intercontinental is one of the largest passenger hubs for United Airlines and formerly also served as a hub for defunct Continental Airlines and Texas International Airlines.
History
20th century
A group of Houston businessmen purchased the site for Bush Intercontinental Airport in 1957 to preserve it until the city of Houston could formulate a plan for a new airport as a replacement for William P. Hobby Airport (at the time known as Houston International Airport). The holding company for the land was named the Jet Era Ranch Corporation, but a typographical error transformed the words "Jet Era" into "Jetero" and the airport site subsequently became known as the Jetero airport site. Although the name Jetero was no longer used in official planning documents after 1961, the airport's eastern entrance was named Jetero Boulevard. Most of Jetero Boulevard was later renamed Will Clayton Parkway.
The City of Houston annexed the Intercontinental Airport area in 1965. This annexation, along with the 1965 annexations of the Bayport area, the Fondren Road area, and an area west of Sharpstown, resulted in a gain of 51,251 acres (20,741 ha) of land for the city limits.
Houston Intercontinental Airport, which was the original name for the airport, opened in June 1969. The airport's IATA code of IAH derived from the stylization of the airport's name as "Intercontinental Airport of Houston." All scheduled passenger airline service formerly operated from William P. Hobby Airport moved to Intercontinental upon the airport's completion. Hobby remained open as a general aviation airport and was once again used for scheduled passenger airline jet service two years later when Southwest Airlines initiated intrastate airline service nonstop between Hobby and Dallas Love Field in 1971.
In the late 1980s, Houston City Council considered a plan to rename the airport after Mickey Leland—an African-American U.S. Congressman who died in an aviation accident in Ethiopia. Instead of renaming the whole airport, the city named Mickey Leland International Arrivals Building, which would later become Mickey Leland Terminal D, after the congressman. In April 1997, Houston City Council unanimously voted to rename the airport George Bush Intercontinental Airport/Houston, after George H. W. Bush, the 41st president of the United States. The name change took effect on May 2, 1997.
On August 28, 1990, Continental Airlines agreed to build its maintenance center at George Bush Intercontinental Airport; Continental agreed to do so because the city of Houston agreed to provide city-owned land near the airport.
At the time of the opening of IAH in 1969, domestic scheduled passenger airline flights were being operated by American Airlines, Braniff International Airways, Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Eastern Air Lines, National Airlines and Houston-based Texas International Airlines, which had formerly operated as Trans-Texas Airways. International flights at this time were being flown by Pan American World Airways with ten nonstop flights a week operated with Boeing 707 jetliners to Mexico City; KLM Royal Dutch Airlines operating Douglas DC-8 jets four days a week to Amsterdam via an intermediate stop in Montreal; Braniff International with Boeing 727 services several times a week to Panama City, Panama; and Aeronaves de Mexico (now Aeroméxico) flying Douglas DC-9 jets to Monterrey, Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Acapulco and Mexico City several days a week. Texas International was also operating direct services to Mexico at this time with Douglas DC-9 jets to Monterrey and Convair 600 turboprop flights to Tampico and Veracruz.
KLM introduced Boeing 747 services in 1971 and by 1974 Air France was operating four nonstop Boeing 747 flights a week to both Paris and Mexico City. Also in 1974, Continental, Pan Am, and National were operating McDonnell Douglas DC-10 wide body jetliners into IAH while Delta was flying Lockheed L-1011 TriStar wide body jets with both types being operated on respective domestic routes from the airport by these airlines; with National also operating Boeing 747s on a Miami–Houston–Los Angeles routing.
By the late 1970s, Cayman Airways had begun nonstop flights between Grand Cayman in the Caribbean and Intercontinental with BAC One-Eleven jets. Cayman Airways served the airport for many years, operating a variety of aircraft including Boeing 727-200, Boeing 737-200, Boeing 737-300, Boeing 737-400 and Douglas DC-8 jetliners into IAH in addition to the BAC One-Eleven. In 1977, British Caledonian, commenced nonstop flights between London's Gatwick Airport and Houston with Boeing 707 service, and later with DC-10 and Boeing 747-200 service. British Airways continued operating the route, when in December 1987, BA took over B-Cal increasing its frequency on the route to double-daily.
By July 1983, the number of domestic and international air carriers serving Intercontinental had grown substantially. American, Continental, Delta and Eastern had been joined by Piedmont Airlines, Southwest Airlines, TWA, United Airlines, USAir and Western Airlines. Western was operating daily McDonnell Douglas DC-10 wide body jet services nonstop to Salt Lake City at this time, with this flight also offering one-stop services to Anchorage, Alaska. International services were being operated by Air Canada, Aviateca, British Caledonian Airways, Continental Airlines, Eastern Air Lines, SAHSA, South African Airways, TACA, TWA and Viasa in addition to Pan Am, KLM, Air France, Aeroméxico and Cayman Airways. Several commuter and regional airlines were also operating passenger services at this time from IAH including Emerald Air (operating as Pan Am Express), Metro Airlines, Rio Airways and Royale Airlines. Metro Airlines was operating "cross-town" shuttle services with de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter turboprops with up to seventeen round trip flights a day between IAH and the Clear Lake City STOLport located near the NASA Johnson Space Center and also up to nine round trip flights a day between the airport and Sugar Land Regional Airport as well as other flights to regional destinations in Texas and Louisiana. In addition, at this same time the airport had scheduled helicopter airline services operated by Executive Helicopters with Bell 206L LongRanger helicopters to four Houston-area heliports with up to 36 round trip flights a day.
21st century
Since Houston was not an approved gateway for U.S. to London Heathrow flights under the Bermuda II Agreement, Continental Airlines, and British Airways flew their London services to Gatwick Airport. British Airways, keen to allow its passengers access to connections at its larger Heathrow Airport hub, subsequently flew various routings from Houston to Heathrow, via a gateway approved technical stop, allowing its Houston originating flights to land at Heathrow. While keeping a daily Houston–Gatwick flight, British Airways operated a flight from Houston to Heathrow via Washington-Dulles, with the technical stop being later changed to Chicago-O'Hare and finally to Detroit. In March 2008, the Bermuda II agreement was replaced with the EU–US Open Skies Agreement, allowing Continental Airlines and British Airways to switch its London services from Houston to Heathrow Airport that summer. Gate BA presently operates double-daily flights to London's Heathrow Airport with Boeing 777 and Boeing 787 service.
As of 2007, Terminals A and B remain from the airport's original design. Lewis W. Cutrer Terminal C opened in 1981, the Mickey Leland International Arrivals Building (now called Terminal D) opened in May 1990, and the new Terminal E partially opened on June 3, 2003. The rest of Terminal E opened on January 7, 2004. Terminal D is the arrival point for all international flights except for United flights, which use Terminal E. Flights from Canada on Air Canada and WestJet arrive in terminal A. Terminal D also held customs and INS until the opening of the new Federal Inspection Service (FIS) building, completed on January 25, 2005.
On January 7, 2009, a Continental Airlines Boeing 737-800 departing Bush Intercontinental was the first U.S. commercial jet to fly on a mix of conventional jet fuel and biofuel.
In December 2009, the Houston City Council approved a plan to allow Midway Cos. to develop 10 acres (4.0 ha) of land owned by Houston Airport System (HAS) on the grounds of Bush Airport. Midway planned to develop a travel center for the airport's rental car facility. The city dictated the developer needed to place a convenience store and gas station facility, a flight information board, a fast casual restaurant, and a sit-down restaurant in the development. Beyond the required buildings, the developer planned to add an office facility of between 20,000 and 40,000 square feet (1,900 and 3,700 m) and additional retail space.
In 2011, United Airlines began Boeing 777-200ER services to Lagos, Nigeria; this was the airport's first nonstop flight to the African continent. In May 2016, United ended the Houston–Lagos service citing the inability to repatriate revenue sold locally in Nigerian currency. South African Airways previously operated nonstop Boeing 747SP services in 1983 between Houston and Amilcar Cabral International Airport in the Cape Verde islands off the coast of Africa as a refueling stop for its flights between Houston and Johannesburg, South Africa. Continental was also planning to commence nonstop Boeing 787 services to Auckland in New Zealand but these plans were canceled as a reaction to new international flights at Hobby Airport announced by Southwest Airlines. United — which acquired Continental and had fully integrated it into the United brand by early 2012 — had postponed the introduction of this service owing to delays associated with the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Its 787s were put to use on other international routes, however, including Houston–London and United's then-new Houston–Lagos nonstop flights. The Houston–Auckland nonstop route was then begun by Air New Zealand using a Boeing 777-200ER. In 2014, United added a second daily flight to Tokyo and new routes to Munich, Germany; Santiago, Chile; and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, and it restarted the Aruba route, which had been canceled in 2012.
In August 2012, Lufthansa switched its daily Houston–Frankfurt route to an Airbus A380 from a Boeing 747-400, making Houston the first airport in Texas to receive A380 service. In addition, Lufthansa has also operated the Boeing 747-8 on the route. Dubai-based carrier Emirates has also operated the A380 on the Dubai-Houston route.
IAH became the first airport in North America to have nonstop flights to every inhabited continent in 2017, with the addition of Air New Zealand, but lost this claim when Atlas Air ended its nonstop flight to Luanda. The airport regained this status in December 2019 when Ethiopian Airlines launched service to Lomé in Togo and Addis Ababa in Ethiopia.
On September 7, 2017, United announced the launch of flights from Houston to Sydney, using a 787-9. The Houston–Sydney service, at 8,596 miles (13,834 km), is currently United's longest nonstop route. Additionally, it surpassed Emirates' Dubai route as the longest flight at IAH.
In January 2019, Ethiopian Airlines became the latest international carrier to announce new service, three-times weekly, to Addis Ababa. The route will be Addis Ababa–Lome–Houston, and the airline is replacing its Los Angeles gateway for Houston. The route will be serviced using the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and will be the city's only gateway to Africa after service to Lagos, Nigeria, was canceled by United Airlines. Service was supposed to begin in June 2019, but was delayed until December 2019. Service began on December 16, 2019. Ethiopian Airlines has since discontinued the route.
In October 2020, Southwest Airlines announced it would return to Bush airport for the first time since it stopped serving the airport in 2005. Service began in April 2021 with five nonstop destinations, augmenting the several dozen destinations it serves from Hobby airport. In 2024, however, Southwest suspended the service to Bush airport once again.
On July 20, 2022, Spirit Airlines crew base plans were cleared. It was also announced that Spirit will bring 500 new jobs to the Houston Area. They added Bush airport as their tenth crew base and Focus city.
In 2020, George Bush Intercontinental Airport began undergoing a $1.3 billion capital improvement program called the IAH Terminal Redevelopment Program (ITRP). The flagship project of this program is the construction of the Mickey Leland International Terminal (MLIT), which will consolidate what is today Terminal D and Terminal E into one centralized terminal including a shared ticketing, departure, and arrival hall. Terminal D will be extensively refurbished with a new concourse, Pier D West, being constructed. The ITRP should be complete by late 2024 or early 2025. Future expansion plans call for a Central D and East D pier to be built as passenger numbers grow, with the full project being capable of handling 33 million enplaned international passengers annually.
Facilities
Terminals
George Bush Intercontinental Airport has five terminals and 121 total gates. The Skyway automated people mover system provides airside connections between all five terminals. The Subway provides landside connections between the five terminals and the airport hotel. Terminals D & E have access to an international arrivals facility, and Terminal D has gates to support super jumbo jets including the Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8.
- Terminal A is primarily used by non-United domestic carriers. It contains 20 gates.
- Terminal B is used for United Express flights. It contains 30 gates.
- Terminal C is used for United domestic flights. It contains 29 gates.
- Terminal D is used for non-United international flights. It contains 18 gates.
- Terminal E is used for United international flights. It contains 24 gates.
Ground transportation
From Downtown Houston one can travel to George Bush Intercontinental by taking Interstate 69/U.S. Route 59 (Eastex Freeway) to Beltway 8 or to Will Clayton Parkway, and access the airport from either road. From Downtown one could also take Interstate 45 (North Freeway), connect to Beltway 8, and enter the airport from the Beltway. The Hardy Toll Road has an exit from the north or south to the airport.
The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas, or METRO, offers bus services available at the south side of Terminal C. The 102 Bush IAH Express serves the airport. Previously, METRO also operated an express bus service known as Airport Direct, launched in the summer of 2008, which traveled from Downtown Houston to Terminal C via the HOV lane of the Eastex Freeway (I-69)/(US 59). In 2010, in an effort to increase ridership and maximize revenue, METRO reduced the fare of Airport Direct and closed a dedicated passenger plaza for the service in Downtown Houston; instead, the bus stopped at several downtown hotels. The fare each way was reduced from $15 to $4.50. The fare change increased ridership levels but reduced cash flow. METRO consistently provided the service at an operational loss. However, in the summer of 2011, METRO announced it was discontinuing the Airport Direct service, while the Route 102 local service (which serves the greater Greenspoint business and residential district before traveling on I-45 to access downtown) continued to operate.
As of 2016 the Taiwanese airline EVA Air operates a shuttle bus service from Bush IAH to Richardson in the Dallas-Fort Worth area so DFW based customers may fly on its services to and from Houston. Previously China Airlines, also a Taiwanese carrier, provided a shuttle bus service to Sugar Land and the Southwest Houston Chinatown. It ended in 2008 when China Airlines ended its Houston passenger service.
Carriers provide scheduled bus and shuttle services to locations from IAH to NRG Park/NRG Astrodome, Downtown Houston, Uptown, Greenway Plaza, the Texas Medical Center, hotels in the Westchase and Energy Corridor business districts, the city of College Station and William P. Hobby Airport. Super Shuttle uses shared vans to provide services from George Bush Intercontinental Airport to the surrounding communities.
Artwork
Ed Carpenter's "Light Wings", a multicolored glass sculpture suspended below a skylight, adorns the Terminal A North Concourse. In Terminal A, South Concourse stands Terry Allen's "Countree Music." Allen's piece is a cast bronze tree that plays instrumental music by Joe Ely and David Byrne, though the music is normally turned off. The corridor leading to Terminal A displays Leamon Green's "Passing Through," a 200-foot (61 m) etched glass wall depicting airport travelers.
The elevators in Terminal B are cased in stainless steel accordion shaped structures designed by Rachel Hecker. The corridor leading to Terminal B has Dixie Friend Gay's "Houston Bayou." This work is composed of an 8 ft × 75 ft (2.4 m × 22.9 m) Byzantine glass mosaic mural depicting scenes from Houston's bayous and wetlands, several bronze animals embedded in the floor, and five mosaic columns.
"Lights Spikes," designed by Jay Baker, was created for the 1990 G7 Summit when it was hosted by President George H. W. Bush in Houston. The sculpture was relocated to the airport outside E Terminal after the meetings, from its original location in front of the George R. Brown Convention Center. The columns lean at a ten-degree angle toward a central point that represents Houston. The distance between each "spike" and this point is relative to the distance between Houston and the capitals of the countries the flags represent. The countries represented are the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Canada, Italy and Germany, as well as the European community. The airport has a display of lighted modern sculptures between terminals C and D.
Radiant Fountains, LED-illuminated towers on JFK Boulevard, is the most prominent sculpture around the airport.
Other facilities
The airport houses an on-site hotel, a Marriott, between Terminals B and C and is accessible via the landside inter-terminal train which runs every 3 minutes from 3:30 am to 12:30 am every day. The hotel has 573 rooms, one restaurant and bar, a concierge lounge, a coffee shop, health club, sundry shop and a conference center.
A VOR station, identified as IAH, is located on the airport property, south of runway 33L.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
Cargo
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Statistics
Top destinations
Rank | City | Passengers | Carriers |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Los Angeles, California | 799,000 | American, Spirit, United |
2 | Denver, Colorado | 793,000 | Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United |
3 | Atlanta, Georgia | 709,000 | Delta, Spirit, United |
4 | Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois | 668,000 | American, Spirit, United |
5 | Las Vegas, Nevada | 627,000 | Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United |
6 | Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas | 607,000 | American, United, Frontier, Spirit |
7 | Orlando, Florida | 580,000 | Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United |
8 | Newark, New Jersey | 571,000 | Spirit, United |
9 | San Francisco, California | 554,000 | United |
10 | New York–LaGuardia, New York | 462,000 | American, Delta, Spirit, United |
Rank | City | Passengers | Carriers |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mexico City, Mexico | 888,909 | Aeroméxico, United, Viva Aerobus, Volaris |
2 | Cancún, Mexico | 838,138 | Frontier, Spirit, Sun Country, United |
3 | San Salvador, El Salvador | 775,279 | Avianca El Salvador, Spirit, United, Volaris El Salvador |
4 | London–Heathrow, United Kingdom | 506,698 | British Airways, United |
5 | Monterrey, Mexico | 463,065 | Spirit, United, Viva Aerobus |
6 | Frankfurt, Germany | 363,478 | Lufthansa, United |
7 | Guatemala City, Guatemala | 344,208 | Spirit, United |
8 | Guadalajara, Mexico | 328,830 | United, Viva Aerobus, Volaris |
9 | Calgary, Canada | 303,679 | United, WestJet |
10 | Toronto–Pearson, Canada | 289,238 | Air Canada, United |
Airline market share
Rank | Airline | Passengers | Share |
---|---|---|---|
1 | United Airlines | 33,387,750 | 72.28% |
2 | Spirit Airlines | 2,931,004 | 6.35% |
3 | American Airlines | 2,179,192 | 4.72% |
4 | Delta Air Lines | 1,967,765 | 4.26% |
5 | Southwest Airlines | 1,189,075 | 2.57% |
6 | Other Airlines | 4,537,713 | 9.82% |
Annual traffic
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Year | Passengers | % Change | Year | Passengers | % Change | Year | Passengers | % Change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | 33,913,759 | — | 2012 | 39,890,756 | 00.7% | 2022 | 40,979,422 | 021.7% |
2003 | 34,208,217 | 00.9% | 2013 | 39,799,414 | 00.2% | 2023 | 46,192,499 | 012.7% |
2004 | 36,513,098 | 06.7% | 2014 | 41,257,384 | 03.7% | |||
2005 | 39,716,583 | 08.8% | 2015 | 43,023,224 | 04.3% | |||
2006 | 42,550,432 | 07.1% | 2016 | 41,692,372 | 03.1% | |||
2007 | 42,998,040 | 01.1% | 2017 | 40,372,190 | 02.3% | |||
2008 | 41,708,580 | 03.0% | 2018 | 43,807,720 | 07.6% | |||
2009 | 40,007,354 | 04.1% | 2019 | 45,276,595 | 03.4% | |||
2010 | 40,479,569 | 01.2% | 2020 | 18,217,426 | 059.8% | |||
2011 | 40,187,442 | 00.7% | 2021 | 33,677,118 | 084.9% |
Accidents and incidents
- February 1, 1975: a Douglas DC-3 N15HC of Horizon Properties crashed on approach when the port wing collided with an electricity pylon. The aircraft was on a domestic non-scheduled passenger flight from Lawton Municipal Airport, Oklahoma, to Huntsville Regional Airport, Texas. The flight was diverted to Houston for weather. Of the 16 occupants, two crew and three passengers were killed.
- August 23, 1990: a Grumman Gulfstream I operated by Rowan Drilling Company; power loss in an engine after take-off resulted in a failed attempt to regain altitude en route to New Orleans International Airport. The aircraft crashed on departure from Runway 15L and came to rest midfield along a parallel taxiway. There were three fatalities.
- On September 11, 1991, Continental Express Flight 2574 was on descent to the airport when it suffered a structural failure because of improper maintenance, killing all 14 people on board.
- February 19, 1996: a Continental Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 operating as Continental Airlines Flight 1943 from Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, arriving in Houston, landed with its landing gear in the stowed position on Runway 27. The aircraft slid for 6,915 feet (2,108 m) on its belly before stopping on the runway 140 feet (43 m) left of the runway centerline approximately at the departure end of the runway. There were no fatalities and only minor injuries. The aircraft was written off.
- January 13, 1998, a Learjet 25 operated by American Corporate Aviation crashed 2 miles (3.2 km) east of IAH descending below the glideslope. Both occupants were killed.
- February 23, 2019: Atlas Air Flight 3591, a Boeing 767-300ERF operated for Amazon Air crashed into Trinity Bay while on approach, 30 miles (48 km) southeast of the airport. All three crewmembers were killed.
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- Gonzales, Sofia (November 30, 2023). "United Airlines unveils first-ever nonstop service from Houston's IAH to Georgetown, Guyana". Houston Business Journal.
- https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240628-uanw24mde
- "United Debuts Direct Flights Between U.S. and Tulum". November 17, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2023.
- ^ "Timetable". Archived from the original on January 28, 2017. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- "United Airlines (UAL) Adds Eight New International Destinations". StreetInsider. Retrieved October 10, 2024.
- https://www.mainepublic.org/business-and-economy/2024-12-19/united-airlines-announces-new-nonstop-service-from-portland-to-houston
- "Our Destination". Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- "Volaris launches four new routes to the United States from Monterrey". Aviacionline (in Spanish). October 2024. Retrieved October 12, 2024.
- ^ "Volaris Flight Schedule". Archived from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
- "Flight schedules". Retrieved March 18, 2018.
- "ZIPAIR to Launch Flights between Houston and Tokyo Narita Expanding International Network in North America". newsfile. October 10, 2024. Retrieved October 10, 2024.
- "Zipair Basic Information". Zipair Tokyo. Retrieved October 10, 2024.
- "Lufthansa Cargo begins A321 Stavanger Freighter Service". Retrieved November 27, 2023.
- "Atlas Air Schedule". Atlas Air. Archived from the original on August 13, 2023. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
- "CAL to add new Houston call as it targets oil and gas". June 19, 2019.
- "Turkish Cargo adds 7 destinations in Jan 2018".
- "Houston, TX: George Bush Intercontinental/Houston (IAH)". Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Retrieved March 25, 2024.
- "BTS Air Carriers : T-100 International Market (All Carriers)". Retrieved June 13, 2019.
- "flyhouston".
- "IAH Airport Annual Passengers 2002-Present Via Houston Airport System (HAS) Statistics Dashboard". fly2houston.com. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
- "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
- "Flight International". FlightGlobal. April 24, 1976. p. 1090. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
- "ASN Aircraft accident Grumman G-159 Gulfstream I N80RD Houston–Intercontinental Airport, TX (IAH)". Aviation Safety Network. August 23, 1990. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
- "ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 N10556 Houston–Intercontinental Airport, TX (IAH)". Aviation Safety Network. February 19, 1996. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
- Accident description for N627WS at the Aviation Safety Network
External links
- Houston Airport System – Bush Intercontinental Airport
- Houston Airport System – Houston Airports Today television show
- FAA Airport Diagram (PDF), effective December 26, 2024
- Resources for this airport:
- AirNav airport information for KIAH
- ASN accident history for IAH
- FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
- NOAA/NWS weather observations: current, past three days
- SkyVector aeronautical chart for KIAH
- FAA current IAH delay information
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Chambers County |
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Fort Bend County |
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Galveston County | |||
Liberty County | |||
Montgomery County | |||
Waller County | |||
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See also: List of airports in the Greater Houston Area |
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