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| {{Infobox lake | |||
| ].]] | |||
| | name = Lake Kyoga | |||
| ] ] satellite picture. White spots are clouds.]] | |||
| | image = ISS-67 A variety of lakes are pictured in Uganda.jpg | |||
| | caption = Landscape surrounding Lake Kyoga | |||
| | image_bathymetry = Kyoga Lake Complex OSM.jpg | |||
| | caption_bathymetry = | |||
| | location = | |||
| | pushpin_map = Uganda | |||
| | coords = {{coord|1|30|N|33|0|E|type:waterbody_region:UG|display=inline,title}} | |||
| | type = ]<br>] | |||
| | inflow = ] | |||
| | outflow = ] | |||
| | catchment = {{convert|75,000|km2|abbr=on}} | |||
| | basin_countries = ] | |||
| | length = {{convert|200|km|abbr=on}} | |||
| | width = | |||
| | area = {{convert|1,720|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | |||
| | depth = | |||
| | max-depth = {{convert|5.7|m|abbr=on}} | |||
| | volume = | |||
| | residence_time = | |||
| | shore = | |||
| | elevation = {{convert|1033|m|ft|abbr=on}} | |||
| | frozen = | |||
| | islands = | |||
| | cities = ] | |||
| | reference = <ref name=WLD>{{cite web |url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=AFR-15 |title=Lake Kyoga |year=1999 |work=World Lakes Database |accessdate=4 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204122325/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=AFR-15 |archivedate=4 February 2015 }}</ref><ref name=Britannica>{{Britannica|325970}}</ref> | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Short description|Large shallow lake in Uganda}} | |||
| ⚫ | '''Lake Kyoga''' or '''Lake Kioga''' (literally 'the place of bathing' in ] language) is a large shallow ] in ], about {{convert|1,720|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref name=WLD/> in area and at an elevation of 1,033 metres.<ref name=Britannica/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-13 |title=Govt starts irrigation schemes in Serere |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-starts-irrigation-schemes-in-serere-4621462 |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> The ] flows through the lake on its way from ] to ]. The main inflow from Lake Victoria is regulated by the ] in ]. Another source of water is the ] region on the border between Uganda and ]. While Lake Kyoga is part of the African ] system, it is not itself considered a great lake. | ||
| ⚫ | The lake reaches a depth of about 5.7 metres, and most of it is less than 4 metres deep.<ref name=":0" /> Areas that are less than 3 metres deep are completely covered by ], while much of the swampy shoreline is covered with ] and the invasive ].<ref name=":0" /> The papyrus also forms ]s that drift between a number of small permanent islands. Extensive wetlands fed by a complex system of streams and rivers surround the lakes. | ||
| ⚫ | '''Lake Kyoga''' is a large shallow ] |
||
| Its extensions include; ], ], ] and ].<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| ⚫ | The lake |
||
| ==Fauna and fishing== | |||
| 46 species of ] have been recorded in Lake Kyoga, and ]s are numerous. | |||
| ]s are numerous, as is aquatic fauna. There are at least 60 ] cichlid species, as well as a smaller number of other fish species like ] and ]. Many of the haplochromine cichlids are ], but very closely related to the Lake Victoria species,<ref name=Green2009>{{cite book| author=Green, J. | year=2009 | chapter=The Kyoga Catchment | pages=205–214 | editor=H.J. Dumont | title=The Nile | series=Monographiae Biologicae | volume=89 | publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V | isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 }}</ref><ref name=Mwanja2001>{{cite journal| author1=Mwanja, W.W. | author2=A.S. Armoudlian | author3=S.B. Wandera | author4=L. Kaufman | author5=L. Wu | author6=G.C. Booton | author7=P.A. Fuerst | year=2001 | title=The bounty of minor lakes: the role of small satellite water bodies in evolution and conservation of fishes in the Lake Victoria Region, East Africa | journal=Hydrobiologia | volume=458 | issue=1 | pages=55–62 | doi=10.1023/A:1013167725047 | s2cid=6439470 }}</ref> and showing a similar level of diversity in terms of feeding.<ref name=Mbabazi2004>{{cite journal| author1=Mbabazi, D. | author2=R. Ogutu-Ohwayo | author3=S.B. Wandera | author4=Y. Kiziito | year=2004 | title=Fish species and trophic diversity of haplochromine cichlids in the Kyoga satellite lakes (Uganda) | journal=African Journal of Ecology | volume=42 | issue=1 | pages=59–68 | doi=10.1111/j.0141-6707.2004.00492.x }}</ref> The Kyoga cichlids include both described species like '']'' and '']'', and ] like ] and ].<ref>{{cite web| author=Bauman, K. | title=African Cichlids from the Lake Victoria basin | url=http://www.african-cichlid.com/Lake_Victoria.htm | accessdate=25 September 2019 }}</ref> As in Lake Victoria, the Kyoga cichlids have been decimated by the introduced ] and some species are already extinct. Because Kyoga generally is shallow and swampy, some subsections—"satellite lakes"—are isolated to various degrees from the main lake. The number of surviving haplochromine cichlids in each subsection is directly related to the status of the Nile perch. Despite being the largest by far, less than 50 haplochromine species survive in the main section where the Nile perch is common. In comparison, the much smaller satellite lakes Lemwa, Nyaguo and Nawampasa lack Nile perch, but at least 50 haplochromine species survive in each of the first two, and at least 60 in the last. Conversely, the small satellite lakes Nakuwa and Nyasala where Nile perch is abundant have less than 30 and 5 surviving haplochromines respectively.<ref name=Green2009/><ref name=Mwanja2001/> This also means that fishing in the Lake Kyoga system has gradually shifted from once targeting many native species, to now primarily targeting the native Lake Victoria sardine, the introduced Nile perch and introduced ]<ref name=Witte2009>{{cite book| author1=Witte, F.| author2=M. de Graaf | author3=O.C. Mkumbo | author4=A.I. El-Moghraby | author5=F.A. Sibbing | year=2009 | chapter=Fisheries in the Nile System | pages=723–748 | editor=H.J. Dumont | title=The Nile | series=Monographiae Biologicae | volume=89 | publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V | isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 }}</ref> (the two native tilapias, the ] and ], have become very rare, except in some satellite lakes).<ref name=Mwanja2001/> In 2006, only 4% of catches were haplochromine cichlids.<ref name=Witte2009/> | |||
| == Flora == | |||
| Excessive ] rains in 1997-1998 have resulted in exceptionally high water levels, causing large islands of papyrus and water hyacinth mats to become dislodged on the lake and to accumulate at the lake's outlet into the ]. This blockage has caused the water level to become even higher, flooding about 580 km<sup>2</sup> of the surrounding land (DWD 2002) and resulting in population displacement and severe socioeconomic damage. In ], the ] government granted Uganda a gift of 13 million USD to streamline the flow the Nile at Lake Kyoga. ], the outlet is still for a large part blocked. | |||
| ] | |||
| Lake Kyoga has flora that includes; ] (Water Lettuce), ], ], water Lily.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNF - Lake Kyoga |url=https://www.globalnature.org/35625/Living-Lakes/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Kyoga/resindex.aspx#:~:text=Lake%20Kyoga%20has%20a%20rich,also%20found%20in%20the%20lake. |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=www.globalnature.org}}</ref> | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| * DWD (2002) ''El Niño preparedness for Lake Kyoga and other flood prone areas of Uganda.'' Directorate of Water Development. Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment, Entebbe, Uganda. | * DWD (2002) ''El Niño preparedness for Lake Kyoga and other flood prone areas of Uganda.'' Directorate of Water Development. Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment, Entebbe, Uganda. | ||
| * ILM (2004) ''Support to the Management of Sudd Blockage on Lake Kyoga.'' Produced for the Integrated Lake Management Project by Environmental Impact Assessment Centre of Finland, EIA Ltd. () | * ILM (2004) ''Support to the Management of Sudd Blockage on Lake Kyoga.'' Produced for the Integrated Lake Management Project by Environmental Impact Assessment Centre of Finland, EIA Ltd. () | ||
| * Twongo, T. (2001) ''The Fisheries and environment of Kyoga Lakes. Fisheries Resources Research Institute (FIRRI), Jinja, Uganda. | * Twongo, T. (2001) ''The Fisheries and environment of Kyoga Lakes.'' Fisheries Resources Research Institute (FIRRI), Jinja, Uganda. | ||
| ==External |
==External links== | ||
| * | * | ||
| * (World Lakes Database) | * (World Lakes Database) | ||
| * (Environmental Impact Assessment Centre, Finland) | |||
| {{Lakes of Uganda}} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| <!-- The below are interlanguage links. --> | |||
| ] | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 17:52, 23 October 2024
| Lake Kyoga | |
|---|---|
 Landscape surrounding Lake Kyoga | |
  Lake Kyoga | |
 | |
| Coordinates | 1°30′N 33°0′E / 1.500°N 33.000°E / 1.500; 33.000 |
| Type | Polymictic Basin Lakes |
| Primary inflows | Victoria Nile |
| Primary outflows | Victoria Nile |
| Catchment area | 75,000 km (29,000 sq mi) |
| Basin countries | Uganda |
| Max. length | 200 km (120 mi) |
| Surface area | 1,720 km (660 sq mi) |
| Max. depth | 5.7 m (19 ft) |
| Surface elevation | 1,033 m (3,389 ft) |
| Settlements | Soroti |
| References | |
Lake Kyoga or Lake Kioga (literally 'the place of bathing' in Runyoro language) is a large shallow lake in Uganda, about 1,720 km (660 sq mi) in area and at an elevation of 1,033 metres. The Victoria Nile flows through the lake on its way from Lake Victoria to Lake Albert. The main inflow from Lake Victoria is regulated by the Nalubaale Power Station in Jinja. Another source of water is the Mount Elgon region on the border between Uganda and Kenya. While Lake Kyoga is part of the African Great Lakes system, it is not itself considered a great lake.
The lake reaches a depth of about 5.7 metres, and most of it is less than 4 metres deep. Areas that are less than 3 metres deep are completely covered by water lilies, while much of the swampy shoreline is covered with papyrus and the invasive water hyacinth. The papyrus also forms floating islands that drift between a number of small permanent islands. Extensive wetlands fed by a complex system of streams and rivers surround the lakes.
Its extensions include; Lake Kwania, Lake Bisina, lake Bugondo and Lake Opeta.
Fauna and fishing
Nile crocodiles are numerous, as is aquatic fauna. There are at least 60 haplochromine cichlid species, as well as a smaller number of other fish species like Lake Victoria sardine and marbled lungfish. Many of the haplochromine cichlids are endemic, but very closely related to the Lake Victoria species, and showing a similar level of diversity in terms of feeding. The Kyoga cichlids include both described species like Haplochromis latifasciatus and H. worthingtoni, and undescribed like H. sp. "Kyoga flameback" and H. sp. "ruby". As in Lake Victoria, the Kyoga cichlids have been decimated by the introduced Nile perch and some species are already extinct. Because Kyoga generally is shallow and swampy, some subsections—"satellite lakes"—are isolated to various degrees from the main lake. The number of surviving haplochromine cichlids in each subsection is directly related to the status of the Nile perch. Despite being the largest by far, less than 50 haplochromine species survive in the main section where the Nile perch is common. In comparison, the much smaller satellite lakes Lemwa, Nyaguo and Nawampasa lack Nile perch, but at least 50 haplochromine species survive in each of the first two, and at least 60 in the last. Conversely, the small satellite lakes Nakuwa and Nyasala where Nile perch is abundant have less than 30 and 5 surviving haplochromines respectively. This also means that fishing in the Lake Kyoga system has gradually shifted from once targeting many native species, to now primarily targeting the native Lake Victoria sardine, the introduced Nile perch and introduced Nile tilapia (the two native tilapias, the Singida and Victoria, have become very rare, except in some satellite lakes). In 2006, only 4% of catches were haplochromine cichlids.
Flora
Lake Kyoga has flora that includes; Pistia stratiodes (Water Lettuce), Cyperus Papyrus, Hyppo Grass, water Lily.
References
- ^ "Lake Kyoga". World Lakes Database. 1999. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
- ^ Lake Kyoga at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ "Govt starts irrigation schemes in Serere". Monitor. 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
- ^ Green, J. (2009). "The Kyoga Catchment". In H.J. Dumont (ed.). The Nile. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 89. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. pp. 205–214. ISBN 978-1-4020-9725-6.
- ^ Mwanja, W.W.; A.S. Armoudlian; S.B. Wandera; L. Kaufman; L. Wu; G.C. Booton; P.A. Fuerst (2001). "The bounty of minor lakes: the role of small satellite water bodies in evolution and conservation of fishes in the Lake Victoria Region, East Africa". Hydrobiologia. 458 (1): 55–62. doi:10.1023/A:1013167725047. S2CID 6439470.
- Mbabazi, D.; R. Ogutu-Ohwayo; S.B. Wandera; Y. Kiziito (2004). "Fish species and trophic diversity of haplochromine cichlids in the Kyoga satellite lakes (Uganda)". African Journal of Ecology. 42 (1): 59–68. doi:10.1111/j.0141-6707.2004.00492.x.
- Bauman, K. "African Cichlids from the Lake Victoria basin". Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ Witte, F.; M. de Graaf; O.C. Mkumbo; A.I. El-Moghraby; F.A. Sibbing (2009). "Fisheries in the Nile System". In H.J. Dumont (ed.). The Nile. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 89. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. pp. 723–748. ISBN 978-1-4020-9725-6.
- "GNF - Lake Kyoga". www.globalnature.org. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
- DWD (2002) El Niño preparedness for Lake Kyoga and other flood prone areas of Uganda. Directorate of Water Development. Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment, Entebbe, Uganda.
- ILM (2004) Support to the Management of Sudd Blockage on Lake Kyoga. Produced for the Integrated Lake Management Project by Environmental Impact Assessment Centre of Finland, EIA Ltd. (online PDF version)
- Twongo, T. (2001) The Fisheries and environment of Kyoga Lakes. Fisheries Resources Research Institute (FIRRI), Jinja, Uganda.
External links
- Lakes and rivers in Uganda
- Lake Kyoga (World Lakes Database)
 List of lakes of Uganda | |
|---|---|
| Lakes | |
| Rivers | |