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{{Short description|American radio talk show}}
{{Unreferenced|date=February 2007}}
{{Cleanup|date=February 2006}} {{Use American English|date = October 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox Radio Show
{{Infobox radio show
| show_name = Coast to Coast AM
| image = Coast to coast am logo.jpg | show_name = Coast to Coast AM
| image = File:Coast to Coast AM Logo 2024.webp
| imagesize = 200px
| imagesize = 200px
| caption = Coast to Coast AM with George Noory
| format = Talk show | format = ]
| runtime = 4 hours (per episode, every day) | runtime = 175 minutes, 20 seconds
| creator = ] | creator = ]
| writer = | writer =
| presenter = ] (weeknights and 1st Sunday)<br />] (Sundays)
| executive_producer =
| announcer = Dick Ervasti
| starring = ] (weeknights)<br>] (weekends)<br>] (Saturdays, ''Coast to Coast Live'')
| opentheme = ''Midnight Express''--''The Chase'' by ] | opentheme = "] (Theme from ])" by ]
| endtheme = ''Inca Dance'' by Cusco (Shows hosted by Noory and Punnett)<br>''Midnight in the Desert'' by ] (Shows hosted by Bell) | endtheme = "Inca Dance" or "Ghost Dance" by ] (Shows hosted by Noory and Knapp)<br />"Listening to Coast to Coast" by UFO Phil (Fridays)<br />"Midnight in the Desert" by ]
|rec_location = ]
| country = {{flagicon|United States}} ]
| rem_location = ] (Noory) <br />] (Noory) <br />] (Knapp)
| first_aired = mid-]
| country = United States<br />]<br />] (2006–2010)
| last_aired = present
| num_episodes = | first_aired = 1988
| last_aired = present
| website =
| website = {{URL|https://www.coasttocoastam.com/}}
| home_station = ]<br>] (Art Bell)<br>]/] (George Noory)
| podcast = | syndicates = ]
| podcast =
}} }}
'''''Coast to Coast AM''''' is an American late-night ] that deals with a variety of topics. Most frequently the topics relate to either the ] or ]. It was hosted by creator ] from its inception in 1988 until 2003, and is currently hosted by ]. The program is distributed by ], a subsidiary of ], both as part of its talk network and separately as a ] program. The program now airs seven nights a week from 1:00–5:00&nbsp;a.m. ].<ref name=affiliatecount>{{Cite magazine |url=http://archive.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/02/70218 |title=Coast to Coast AM Is No Wack Job |author=Randy Dotinga |date=February 15, 2006 |magazine=]}}</ref> It airs on over 600 affiliates, and has repeatedly been called the most popular overnight show in the country.<ref name="Lavin" /><ref name="NYT1" />


== History ==
'''''Coast to Coast AM''''' is a late-night ]d ] ] in the United States which deals with a variety of topics, but most frequently ones that relate either to the ], or to alleged ]. It was created by ], airs seven nights a week 10:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m. ], and is distributed by ]. It is currently hosted by ] weekdays and ] on the weekends.
In 1978, ] created and hosted ''West Coast AM'', a late-night political talk/call-in show on Las Vegas radio station ].<ref name= knight>{{cite book |author= Knight, Peter |title= Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia |url= https://archive.org/details/conspiracytheori00knig_851 |url-access= limited |publisher= ABC-CLIO |year= 2003 |page= |isbn= 1-57607-812-4}}</ref> In 1988, Bell and Alan Corberth renamed the show ''Coast to Coast AM'' and moved its studios from the ] in Las Vegas to Bell's home in Pahrump.<ref name = knight /> After Bell's retirement, the show was hosted by various personalities, including ], ], and others.


At its peak, ''Coast to Coast AM'' under Bell was syndicated by Premiere Radio Network, and aired on more than 500 radio stations and boasted a weekly listening audience in excess of 10 million listeners.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insideradio.com/free/radio-host-art-bell-dead-at/article_937236ee-4145-11e8-bdbb-7b5841033d1a.html|title=Radio Host Art Bell Dead At 72|website=Inside Radio|date=16 April 2018|access-date=18 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/the-outer-limits-a-lone-voice-in-the-desert-lures-10-million-listeners/2013/10/28/95615598-3ff6-11e3-9c8b-e8deeb3c755b_story.html|title=The outer limits: A lone voice in the desert lures 10 million listeners|last=Fisher|first=Marc|date=1998-03-29|access-date=2014-07-28|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.talkers.com/top-talk-radio-audiences/|title=The Top Talk Radio Audiences|work=]|access-date=2014-07-28|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209101821/http://www.talkers.com/top-talk-radio-audiences/|archive-date=February 9, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Since 2013 the weekly listener numbers have declined to 2.5 million.<ref name="talkers.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.talkers.com/top-talk-radio-audiences/|title=The Top Talk Radio Audiences|work=Talkers Magazine|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209101821/http://www.talkers.com/top-talk-radio-audiences/|archive-date=February 9, 2014|access-date=2015-03-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> According to estimates by '']'', ''Coast to Coast AM'' has a cumulative weekly audience of around 2.75 million unique listeners listening for at least five minutes, making it the ] in its time slot.<ref name="talkers2.15">{{cite web|title=The Top Talk Radio Audiences (Updated 2/15)|url=http://www.talkers.com/top-talk-radio-audiences/|work=]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209101821/http://www.talkers.com/top-talk-radio-audiences/|archive-date=February 9, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref> By 2010 the program was known as by far the most popular overnight show in the country,<ref name="Lavin" /> echoed by '']'' in 2017, citing ].<ref name="NYT1" />
== Format and subject matter ==
''Coast to Coast'' mostly emphasizes very unusual topics, and is full of personal stories related by callers. While program content varies, most nights are focused toward the ], and subjects such as ], ], ], ], ], ], ]s, ], ] and ], among other paranormal and unusual topics. Since the ] attacks carried out in the ] on ], the events of that day (as well as conspiracy theories surrounding them) and current U.S. ] strategy have also become frequent themes. However, more conventional topics are sometimes discussed, with interviews with notable authors and political talk sometimes featured.


The show is estimated to be carried by over 600 US affiliates,<ref name=affiliatecount/> along with a limited number of ], as well as many Canadian affiliates, several of which ] the show on their station's website. The affiliate group is fronted by 12 ]s, among them ] in ], ] in ], ] in ], ] in New York City, ] in ], ] in Los Angeles, and ] in ]. The show is also carried by ], on its ] channel 146.<ref>{{cite web |title=Road Dog Trucking Shows |url=https://www.siriusxm.com/roaddogtrucking |publisher=Sirius XM Radio |access-date=4 August 2020}}</ref>
After the theme song is played (]'s ''The Chase'' ''from ]''), the broadcast is typically kicked off with a reading of ] or news stories by the host, usually with at least one bizarre or peculiar story, with callers weighing in if time permits. This is usually followed by a lengthy interview with the evening's guest, or hours of open phone lines. Occasionally, round table discussions are held on one of the show's common topics.


==Criticism==
During hours of "open lines", calls are taken and put on air without any screening, at least according to original host Art Bell. More recently, under George Noory, open lines have added topics for callers to share their experiences or stories about a particular issue or situation. The show has multiple call-in numbers, of which there are always at least five (as of 2005): for ''"east of the ]"'', ''"west of the ]"'', first-time callers, ''"international callers"'' and finally a ''"wild card"'' line. They are all announced at the beginning of each broadcast by ]. The show's opening, which is now famous, had been spoofed on the now defunct nationally-syndicated '']'' (which aired immediately prior to Coast to Coast AM), with Hendrie imitating Mitchell's trademark deep voice and repeating his one phone number for all four lines. On special occasions, ''Coast to Coast AM'' rolls out more numbers, including lines that are reserved for special "themed" callers, for example those who claim to be from other ], time periods, and those ] by spirits.
Scholars have criticized ''Coast to Coast AM'' for promoting ] and ] ideas. Historian ] characterized the show as an "especially influential example" of the trend in modern media to disseminate false history and fake science.<ref name="Fritze2009">{{cite book|author=Ronald H. Fritze|title=Invented Knowledge: False History, Fake Science and Pseudo-religions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2BrqdFg5AkC|year=2009|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-86189-674-2}}</ref>


According to ] (SUNY) professor Paul Arras, early shows hosted by Art Bell featured guests that were frequently pseudoscientists, but "regardless of their reputation, all guests are presented as experts." According to Arras "Bell seems to believe much of what even his wildest guests say".<ref name="Arras2018">{{cite book|author=Paul Arras|title=The Lonely Nineties: Visions of Community in Contemporary US Television|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u7BhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA137|year= 2018|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-93094-7|pages=137–}}</ref> ] professor Michael C. Keith noted a "characteristic of distrust and fear that is a part of the text of Coast to Coast —fear of the unknown, fear of invasion, fear of being taken over by some kind of evil force".<ref name="Lavin">{{cite web |last1=Lavin |first1=Timothy |title=The Listener |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/01/the-listener/307840/ |website=] |access-date=13 June 2019|date=January 2010 }}</ref>
The ] edition of ''Coast to Coast'' becomes '''''Ghost to Ghost''''', as listeners call in with their ghost stories. The ] show usually entails listeners calling in their predictions for the coming year, and the host (commonly Art Bell) rating the predictions made a year earlier. In recent years, the host of the New Year's Eve prediction show preface open line predictions that callers may not predict the assassination or death of the ]. Apparently such predictions made in the past have resulted in visits from the ] to the host's home.


Religious Studies lecturer David G. Robertson observed that "sweeping conspiratorial revisionist histories and ancient alien narratives" are a frequent feature of the show.<ref name="Robertson2016">{{cite book|author=David G. Robertson|title=UFOs, Conspiracy Theories and the New Age: Millennial Conspiracism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXgwCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA101|year=2016|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4742-5321-5|pages=101–}}</ref> Nolan Higdon of ] speculated that programs like ''Coast to Coast AM'' that "propagate unsubstantiated claims" were "potentially dangerous".<ref name="NYT1" />
== Hosts ==
''Coast to Coast'' was created by veteran broadcaster ] in the mid-1980s. Originally called '''''West Coast AM''''', it aired on ] radio station ] 720. Bell hosted the program each weekday morning from 1:00 AM to 5:00 AM Pacific Time, live from the KDWN studios in the Union Plaza Hotel in downtown Las Vegas. In addition to his show, Bell did radio commercials and other voice over work for the station.


According to '']'' senior editor Timothy Lavin, host George Noory "lets clearly delusional or pseudoscientific assertions slide by without challenge". Lavin wrote that "Coast to Coast AM has perfected a charged and conspiratorial worldview that now pervades American media".<ref name="Lavin" />
Bell's program was syndicated in ] as '''''Coast to Coast AM''''' and began airing on more stations. For a while it still kept the 1:00 AM starting time, but then moved to 11:00 PM to 3:00 AM and then to the present 10:00 PM to 2:00 AM schedule to better serve other time zones. Soon, Bell hosted the program every weeknight and Sundays from his residence in the town of ], located in ] (often referred to on the program as '''''The Kingdom of Nye'''''). Bell is a skilled interviewer, drawing out his callers' improbable stories with a poker-faced but confidence-inspiring, ''"Oh, really?"'' He has retired and returned to the show many times since ]; the first "retirement" lasted two weeks, and was brought on by alleged threats against his family. Late in ], ] subbed for Art Bell, interviewing the computer ] responsible for stopping all ] Trains over Y2K (]), but Art Bell's first actual successor as host of ''Coast to Coast'' was ].


In 1998, the ] awarded show host Art Bell their ] "Snuffed Candle Award", citing his work "for encouraging credulity, presenting pseudoscience as genuine, and contributing to the public's lack of understanding of the methods of scientific inquiry".<ref name="NYT2">{{cite news |last1=Roberts |first1=Sam |title=Art Bell, Radio Host Who Tuned In to the Dark Side, Dies at 72 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/17/obituaries/art-bell-radio-host-who-tuned-in-to-the-dark-side-dies-at-72.html |newspaper=] |access-date=13 June 2019|date=April 17, 2018 }}</ref>
In ], Siegel stepped down as host due to pressure from Premiere Radio Networks and Bell, as ratings and affiliates fell sharply during his tenure. Bell then returned to weekday hosting duties, only to depart again the following year due to chronic back pain. He was replaced by frequent guest-host ], and the weekday program officially became '''''Coast to Coast AM with George Noory''''' by the end of ].
CSI fellow ] has appeared on the show occasionally as "a voice of skepticism", saying his goal was to explain and demystify the "bizarre topics 'Coast to Coast' deals with" such as ] and ]s.<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news |last1=Bromwich |first1=Jonah Engel |last2=Wertheim |first2=Bonnie |title=Does Bigfoot Have a Soul? A Radio Host's Audience Ponders |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/20/business/media/coast-to-coast-am-george-noory.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=13 June 2019|date=February 20, 2017 }}</ref>


==Hosts==
Bell made another comeback in ], this time replacing ] and ] on the weekend broadcasts. Then in ], he announced that he would be reducing his role to just two Sundays a month to leave more time for traveling with his wife. He also disclosed that ] and ] would take over the new vacancies. Previously, Rose had been a frequent guest-host of the program, and Punnett had regularly hosted Sunday evening broadcasts years ago. However, following the passing of his wife, Ramona Bell, on ], ], Art decided to return to the air on Saturdays and Sundays, stating in an emotion-filled<ref>{{cite web
===Art Bell===
| url = http://www.coasttocoastam.com/shows/2006/01/22.html
{{main|Art Bell}}
| title = coasttocoastam
Bell was the original host of the show, starting in 1988. He announced his retirement in 2000, but would return as show host, retire, and return again a number of times.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Dickey |first=Jack|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2151794,00.html#ixzz2ehU9iB4g |title=Insomniac Radio King Art Bell Reclaims His Crown |magazine=] |date=2013-09-23 |access-date=2013-12-11}}</ref> Bell died in April 2018.
| date = ] ]
| accessdate = 2006-08-19
}}</ref> broadcast on Sunday, ], ], that he needed to keep busy. On ], ], concluding several months of mourning, Art Bell, 60, married 21 year old Airyn Ruiz, a resident of the Philippines whom he came to know through internet "dating." Art relocated to the Philippines and resumed hosting the show as of June 15, 2006, but has had difficulties with an ] line and hosts weekends as technology permits. Otherwise, George Noory substitute hosts the Sunday versions or a tape is played of a previous show. Saturdays are guest hosted when Bell is unavailable. On Saturday from 9 pm to 1 am Eastern Time, Punnett hosts ''Coast To Coast Live'' (]), a ] of the original ''Coast to Coast AM''.


===Mike Siegel===
On the Thursday Dec. 28th, 2006 show, Art Bell, filling in for the vacationing George Noory, announced that he was once again broadcasting from his longtime hometown of Pahrump, in Nye County, Nevada. He and his new wife Eiryn made the flight from Manila to the US; his return to the US was kept secret. During his 8 month stay in the Philippines, Art married Airyn, is now expecting a baby and Airyn is awaiting her status as a legal resident of the US. An earthquake measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale occurred in Tae-Won, sending a 3 ft. Tsunami towards the Philippines islands. Had Art not left Manila at the time he did, he would not have been able to do the Dec. 28th, 2006 show as all communications to the Philippines were cut off, including the ISDN line that Bell used to send his broadcast to the US.
{{Main|Mike Siegel}}
Mike Siegel hosted the show from April 2000 until February 2001. He became a frequent substitute for Bell in late 1999, and when Bell announced his retirement in early 2000, he recommended Siegel to succeed him.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-apr-11-ca-18179-story.html |title=Veteran Talk-Show Host Mike Siegel to Succeed Bell |newspaper=] |author=Judith Michaelson |date=April 11, 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509235300/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/apr/11/entertainment/ca-18179 |archive-date=May 9, 2009 |url-status=live |df=mdy }}</ref> Siegel maintained the format of the show that Bell had created, but his personal style was very different, and the show became less popular. Siegel hosted the show from ], where he lived. Early in 2001, Bell decided to return, and Siegel left the show.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=109935&page=1|work=ABC News |title=Weird Radio Host Art Bell Returns |author=Edward Mazza |date=January 6, 2006}}</ref>


===Ian Punnett===
Bell stated that he "has no interest in returning to a 5-day work schedule" and will remain the Coast to Coast AM's Saturday and Sunday night host.
{{Main|Ian Punnett}}
Ian Punnett hosted the show sporadically, as either guest host or main host, between 1998 and 2012, and from 2018 to 2023. Punnett died in December of 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 20, 2022 |title=Coast To Coast Am |url=https://www.coasttocoastam.com/show/2022-08-20-show/ |website=Coast To Coast Am}}</ref>


===John B. Wells===
Art's return sparked a deluge of "welcome back calls" from callers across North America. Many callers stated that they were shocked and pleasantly surprised at Art's return to the US. Eight months allowed Bell to acclimatize to the 90° weather and 100% humidity encountered in the Philippines. Airyn being a Filipino native along with Art, were simply shocked by the 39°F temperature and the 55mph winds as they deplaned in the US. Art decided to leave his HAM (amateur) radio equipment in the Philippines as checking it at customs on his flight to the Philippines was a difficulty he wanted to avoid on his way back to the US.
{{Main|John B. Wells}}
In January 2012, ] replaced Punnett as host of the Saturday evening<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allaccess.com/net-news/archive/story/99834/ian-punnett-to-step-down-from-saturday-coast-to-co |title=Ian Punnett To Step Down From Saturday 'Coast To Coast AM,' John B. Wells Named Host |publisher=All Access |date=2011-12-05 |access-date=2020-12-03}}</ref> and the second Sunday evening programs.


===George Noory===
] remains host of the weeknight editions. He broadcasts from, alternately, ] and ], and has had a continually positive effect on the program's ratings. He is consistently nonjudgmental in his responses to callers' comments, seemingly accepting at face value the credibility of their reported experience. He has promised listeners that he will "stick around" to host the show through ] (recently, Noory retracted that statement; he now says that he will stay until he is "dragged out"); his wish is to report on whatever might occur in relation to the many predictions of the world ending (or at least changing significantly) that year, as purportedly anticipated by the Mayan calendar, alleged bible code, and a number of spiritualist and other fantasy writers, prognosticators, predictors, shamans, the witch doctorate, and assorted prophets.
{{Main|George Noory}}
George Noory first took over show hosting duties in 2003 as a replacement for Bell, but was temporarily discontinued after Bell returned citing disagreements with Noory. After Bell's death in April 2018, Noory said that the two were "not that close" personally and that there were major differences in their approaches. Despite this, Noory said that Bell was "instrumental in me being where I am right now."<ref>{{cite web|title=Coast to Coast AM|url=http://www.talkers.com/tag/coast-to-coast-am/|website=Talkers|access-date=17 April 2018}}</ref> Noory currently hosts the show on weeknights and on the first Sunday of every month.


===George Knapp===
== Broadcast area ==
{{main|George Knapp (journalist)}}
Coast to Coast is broadcast on about 500 United States affiliates, as well as numerous Canadian affiliates, several of which stream the show on their station's website. Coast to Coast's Streamlink offers live Internet feeds of the show by subscription. The program is also broadcast on ] in the United States, on ]. Currently, the XM channel is not available to ] subscribers due to ] regulations limiting content produced outside of Canada. In addition, XM's operational assistance agreement with Clear Channel provides the satcaster with exclusive rights to all Clear Channel content, and doesn't permit the broadcast of Coast to Coast AM on competitor ].
George Knapp joined the show in 2007 and is currently hosting every third and fourth Sundays of every month.


===Others===
== Frequent guests ==
Guest hosts have included ], ], ], Dave Schrader, Connie Willis, Lisa Garr, Richard Syrett, Rob Simone and Jimmy Church.
* ] Discussing the subjects of new animal discoveries and the sightings of Bigfoot, Yeti, Nessie, and other cryptids, in a down-to-earth fashion. This cryptozoologist and author has been a program guest over a dozen times.
* ] - A controversial theorist in issues relating to NASA's activities, space anomalies and alleged extraterrestrial architecture (the Face on Mars, structures on the Moon, anomalies in the moons of Jupiter and Saturn)
* ] - An American radio host, conspiracy theorist, and filmmaker.
* ] - A mainstream theoretical physicist. Dr. Kaku is typically drawn into discussions that find him explaining string theory, quantum physics, astrophysics, and other hard sciences in easily understandable and very entertaining ways.
* ] - A self-promoted hypnotherapist and "astropsychologist," author of 4 books, and motivational speaker. Turi is most famous for the reputed science of "postdiction", in which he produces and posts to internet sites a vast amount of data derived from numerology, none of which apparently predicts any obvious event. After a significant event, Turi mines through this data and claims "hits."{{Fact|date=March 2007}}
* ] - A parapsychologist who is a self promoted psychic and witch.
* ] - Lionel Fanthorpe was born in England and has worked as a journalist and teacher. He is currently Director of Media Studies at Cardiff Academy and claims to be a fully ordained Anglican Priest working part-time and unpaid for the Church in Wales. Lionel is President of ASSAP (the ]) and is also the President of BUFORA (the ]). He's now a popular TV and Radio presenter and celebrity guest on chat shows. Lionel is also the author of over 250 books.
* ] - A reporter and UFOlogist who is often interviewed on Coast to Coast AM, and segments of her audio and video presentations are often played on the show. The most common subjects discussed by Linda Moulton Howe relate to ] and ] sightings, but more recently she has also discussed ] phenomena involving ]s and their suspected effects on ] and ]s, including the ] reported in the ], ], and ].


==Guests==
== Popular callers ==
The show featured a number of guests, some recurring.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coasttocoastam.com/guests |title=Guests |work=Coast to Coast AM|access-date=2015-03-29}}</ref>
Below is a list of some widely popular or regular ''listener'' callers to the show.
* ],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coasttocoastam.com/guest/david-edward/ |title=David Edward – Guests |work=Coast to Coast AM|access-date=2023-10-01}}</ref> Author and Old World researcher.
* ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coasttocoastam.com/guest/albrecht-katherine/6200 |title=Katherine Albrecht – Guests |work=Coast to Coast AM|access-date=2015-03-29}}</ref> consumer rights advocate.
* ],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coasttocoastam.com/guest/bayerle-martin-80390/ |title=Capt. Martin Bayerle – Guests |work=Coast to Coast AM|access-date=2023-02-07}}</ref> Treasure Hunter, author of ''The Tsar's Treasure''.
* ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coasttocoastam.com/guest/bloom-howard/5626 |title=Howard Bloom – Guests |work=Coast to Coast AM|access-date=2015-03-29}}</ref> author of ''The God Problem'', '']'', ''Global Brain'', ''Reinventing Capitalism'' and former publicist for ] and ].
* ], psychic.
* ], economic and political forecaster.
* ], cryptozoologist and author on issues relating to new animal discoveries and the sightings of ], the ], the ], and other ]s.
* ], Harvard PhD, author of sensationalist books on Hillary Clinton, John Kerry, and Barack Obama. Joined ], as correspondent.
* ], author, director of Media Studies at Cardiff Academy, president of the ], and president of the ].
* ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coasttocoastam.com/show/2006/02/23 |title=9-11 Theories & Evidence – Shows |work=Coast to Coast AM |date=2006-02-23 |access-date=2013-12-11}}</ref> conspiracy theorist on ]. Fetzer claims that the assassination of President ] was a "government hit job" and that "the Zapruder film is a fake".
* ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coasttocoastam.com/guest/fitts-catherine-austin/6488 |title=Catherine Austin Fitts – Guests |work=Coast to Coast AM|access-date=2015-03-29}}</ref> Politically Conservative economist; was Assistant Secretary of Housing/Federal Housing Commissioner at HUD in the first Bush Administration
* The late ], former ]; author and ufologist who focuses on the ].
* ], author who discusses ], ], and ] topics.
* ], former museum curator who was a major figure in the show's history, discussing issues relating to ]'s activities, space anomalies and alleged ] architecture (the ] and vast glass domes on the Moon). Hoagland was replaced as "science adviser" by Robert Zimmerman in June 2015 and developed digital radio chat-shows of his own.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/darkcityfm/richard-c-hoagland-out-at-coast-in-at-dark-matter-network |title=Richard C. Hoagland: out at Coast, in at Dark Matter Network |publisher=Dark City |access-date=2015-07-15}}</ref>
* ], reporter and ufologist. Famous as pioneer in the study of cattle mutilations and crop circles.
* ], ] conspiracy theorist.
* ], radio talk show host, New World Order conspiracy theorist, filmmaker and political activist.
* ], mainstream theoretical ] who typically discusses topics involving ], ], ], and other ].
* ] is a weekly correspondent on Coast to Coast AM, sharing relevant ] and ] insights.
* ], magician.
* ], investigative journalist, specializing mainly in ] and the ].
* ], physicist and president of ], a scientific supply company; renowned for disclosing his supposed employment at a secret government facility called ], and his alleged work reverse engineering ].
* ], Niburu cataclysm advocate.
* ], ] of nationally syndicated ] television series '']''.
* ], known for the Amityville Horror.
* The late ], ] advocate.
* The late ], author mostly known for "Crossfire", a discussion of the Warren Commission conclusions and commentator also on "hidden history " and the paranormal.
* The late ], Catholic priest, theologian and professor, known for sometimes controversial views concerning the Catholic Church.
* ], former advisor to President Clinton. Switched parties to Republican and hosts his own podcast. He is a big supporter and defender of ].
* ], neo-Nazi and author of '']''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Darby |first=Seyward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U5S5DwAAQBAJ |title=Sisters in Hate: American Women on the Front Lines of White Nationalism |date=2020-07-21 |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=978-0-316-48779-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* ], an alleged UFO abductee. George Noory arranged to have Stan take a lie detector test over some of his claims of alien visitations, which Romanek failed.
* ], author of ''Communion'' and many other books. A frequent guest on the show since the 1990s.
* The Late ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coasttocoastam.com/guest/sitchin-zecharia/6026 |title=Zecharia Sitchin – Guests |work=Coast to Coast AM |access-date=2015-03-29}}</ref> author of books promoting an explanation for human origins involving ].
* ], one of the hosts on ]'s '']'', and the publisher of ''Legendary Times'' magazine, a periodical that is centered on the ancient astronaut theory.
* UFO Phil (aka Phil Hill), a comedic singer, songwriter, and claimed ]. He created the program's Friday end theme, "Listening to Coast to Coast". He has appeared in various media venues, including ''UFO Phil: The Movie'' (2008) and '']''.<ref>. ''Coast to Coast AM''. October 12, 2010.</ref>
* ], paleontologist who specializes in mass extinctions who is famous for his Rare Earth hypothesis.
* ], professor of cybernetics who discusses his research with implants, artificial intelligence and robotics – especially cyborgs.
* ], inventor of the and author of


==Associated shows==
* J.C. Webster the Third, or ''"J.C."'' – Also an occasional guest. J.C. began calling in 1996, and has since been on the air over 35 times.<ref>http://deepspire.com/jc-webster </ref> He features himself to be a ] ] preacher, and the leader of "C.L.A.M.P.," the Christian Legion Against Media Pornography. He claims to be in "direct communication with the Lord," transcribing God's "New Revelation" and "New Commandments," with his proclaimed mission being "to save America." J.C.'s contact information is held private by ''Coast to Coast AM'' in anticipation of scheduling future interviews and debates.
Several shows associated with ''Coast to Coast AM'' have aired in the slot immediately preceding the late Saturday night edition of the program, from 6–10 p.m. Pacific Time.
* Oscar, a self-proclaimed demonic entity.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.coasttocoastam.com/shows/2006/02/24.html
| title = coasttocoastam
| date = ] ]
| accessdate = 2007-04-23
}}</ref>
* Mel Waters - Former "owner" of ], a "bottomless" pit.
* Phil Hill or '']'' - A song writer (focusing on the paranormal) and UFOlogist who claims to have been abducted by aliens, built a time machine from a converted bomb shelter, and successfully cloned a cat (although the clone apparently looks nothing like the original).
* "Bugs" - Aging farmer who has repeatedly told of his account of shooting and burying two Bigfoot creatures back in the 1970s, in the Texas Panhandle, initially thinking they were bears.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.coasttocoastam.com/shows/2007/04/08.html
| title = coasttocoastam
| date = ] ]
| accessdate = 2007-04-10
}}</ref> Bugs has mailed a map of the location of this "burial" to Art Bell, to be released to the public upon Bugs' death.


== Dreamland == ===''Dreamland''===
'']'' was another Art Bell creation, nearly identical to ''Coast-to-Coast AM'' but less caller driven. Bell hosted ''Dreamland'' on early Sunday evenings, until he relinquished control of the show to ]. It continued to precede ''Coast-to-Coast AM'' on most affiliate stations on Sunday nights but moved to Saturday night (after ] began to syndicate ]) and then dropped the program entirely. It is now heard over the ] exclusively. ''Dreamland'' was another Art Bell creation, nearly identical to ''Coast to Coast AM'' but less caller driven. Bell recorded ''Dreamland'' on Friday afternoons where the show streamed live over the Internet and listeners could call in towards the end of the show. The show then aired at various times on different stations during the weekend, but doing eight shows a week got to be too much and he handed over control of the show to ]. Many affiliates aired the show before ''Coast to Coast AM'' on Sunday nights, but ] pre-empted that time spot after it began to syndicate ], and then dropped the program entirely.


===''Coast to Coast Live''===
''Dreamland'' continues to focus on many of the same topics as its sister program, although often with a more spiritual point-of-view, as well as an increased emphasis on ].
Upon Art Bell's January 2006 return, ] hosted ''Coast to Coast Live'' on Saturdays from 9&nbsp;p.m. to 1&nbsp;a.m. Eastern Time. A spin-off of the original ''Coast to Coast AM'', the show covered similar topics as its flagship program. With Bell's July 2007 retirement, ''Coast to Coast Live'' was discontinued, with Punnett returning to host the regular Saturday edition.


===''Art Bell, Somewhere in Time''===
The name ''Dreamland'' was, in fact, at one time a radio call sign for the control tower at the '''''The Air Force's Operating Location Near Groom Lake, Nevada''''', as described by the government in legal documents, but more commonly known as ].
Replacing ''Coast to Coast Live'' in the late Saturday time slot is a series of reruns of classic Art Bell episodes of ''Coast to Coast AM'', airing under the title ''Somewhere in Time''.


==Coast to Coast Live== ===''Midnight in the Desert''===
Midnight in the Desert was a live radio and podcast which Art Bell founded. The program was later hosted by Heather Wade and then by Dave Schrader.
On Saturday from 9 pm to 1 am Eastern Time, Ian Punnett hosts ''Coast To Coast Live''. A spin-off of the original ''Coast to Coast AM'', the show covers similar topics as well. Punnett occasionally hosts the regular Saturday edition, giving him an eight hour shift.


==Newsletter== ==See also==
* ]
The radio show publishes a newsletter for subscribers called ''After Dark''. It discusses matters covered on the show in greater detail.
* '']''

* '']''
== References in popular culture ==
Coast to Coast AM is spoofed in the popular ] ], as a radio segment on WCTR aptly-named Area 53. Area 53's host and callers would make ludicrous claims, such as video games giving people ], or cheese being the "new weapon in the fight against ]". The show's slogan is "prepare to be appalled".

In 2006, Bell was featured in the video game "]" and played himself. He hosts, as in real life, Coast to Coast AM, and the player is able to listen to the broadcast at several terminals throughout the game. The broadcasts detail what is happening on Earth during the time of the game.

Sean Hogan released a song in 2006 called "Conspiracy Radio" about Coast to Coast AM and Art Bell.
A excerpt of one show is used in the song "Faaip de Oap" by the band Tool. The song samples a frantic call from a supposed employee from Area 51.

== Criticism ==
Coast to Coast has been criticized by ] and ] for its promotion of ] because callers and guests are rarely challenged to defend their views despite how unlikely or impossible the claims are.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

== See also ==
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
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*]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{refbegin}} {{refbegin}}
<!-- add references here --> <!-- add references here -->
* {{cite web * {{cite web
| last = Hartmann | first = Thom
| last =Vigil
| title = Political Commentator and Talk Show host
| first =Delfin
| work = ]
| title =Conspiracy theories propel AM radio show into Top 10
| date = May 4, 2011
| publisher =San Francisco Chronicle
| url = http://www.thomhartmann.com/
| date =November 12, 2006
| access-date = August 8, 2013}}
| url =http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/11/12/COAST.TMP
* {{cite magazine
| accessdate =2007-04-19 }}
| last = Dotinga | first = Randy
* {{cite web
| title = Coast to Coast AM Is No Wack Job
| last =Dotinga
| magazine = Wired
| first = Randy
| date = February 15, 2006
| title =Coast to Coast AM Is No Wack Job
| url = https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/02/70218
| publisher =Wired News
|date=February 2, 2006 | access-date = April 19, 2007}}
* {{cite magazine
| url =http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/02/70218
| last = Corliss | first = Richard
| accessdate = 2007-04-19}}
| title = The X Phones
* {{cite web
| magazine = ]
| last =Corliss
| date = August 9, 1999
| first = Richard
| url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991693,00.html
| title =The X Phones
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101028181100/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991693,00.html
| publisher =Time (magazine)
| url-status = dead
|date=August 9, 1999
| archive-date = October 28, 2010
| url =http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991693,00.html
| accessdate = 2007-04-19}} | access-date = April 19, 2007}}
* {{cite web * {{cite magazine
| last =Jaroff | last = Jaroff | first = Leon
| title = The man who spread the myth
| first = Leon
| magazine= Time
| title =THE MAN WHO SPREAD THE MYTH
| date = April 14, 1997
| publisher =Time (magazine)
| url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986171,00.html
|date=April 14, 1997
| url =http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986171,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051121060305/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986171,00.html
| url-status = dead
| accessdate = 2007-04-19}}
| archive-date = November 21, 2005
* {{cite web
| access-date = April 19, 2007}}
| last =Davis
* {{cite news
| first = Pamela
| last = Davis | first = Pamela
| title =10 years to grow, 1 snip to go
| title = 10 years to grow, 1 snip to go
| publisher =St. Petersburg Times
| work = ]
| date =January 11, 2001
| date = January 1, 2001
| url =http://www.sptimes.com/News/011101/Artsandentertainment/10_years_to_grow__1_s.shtml
| url = http://www.sptimes.com/News/011101/Artsandentertainment/10_years_to_grow__1_s.shtml
| accessdate = 2007-04-19}}
| access-date = April 19, 2007}}
* {{cite web
* {{cite news
| title =Pentagon Photos Whodunnit
| last = Dakss | first = Brian
| publisher =CBS News
| title = Pentagon Photos Whodunnit
| date =November 8, 2002
| publisher = CBS News
| url =http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/11/08/attack/main528709.shtml
| date = November 8, 2002
| accessdate = 2007-04-19}}
| url = https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pentagon-photos-whodunnit/
| access-date = April 19, 2007}}
{{refend}} {{refend}}


==External links== ==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.coasttocoastam.com/}}
{{Sisterlinks|Coast to Coast AM}}
*
* Popular C2CAM internet forum with active Live discussions every night - endorsed by main host George Noory
*
* - Forum where Art Bell posted a few times, very anti-Noory site so no longer supported by George
* paranormal discussion forum
* fan site not affiliated with Premiere Networks or C2C hosts
*
*
*


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{{UFOs}}


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Latest revision as of 16:14, 12 September 2024

American radio talk show

Radio show
Coast to Coast AM
GenreTalk radio
Running time175 minutes, 20 seconds
Country of originUnited States
Canada
Philippines (2006–2010)
SyndicatesPremiere Networks
Hosted byGeorge Noory (weeknights and 1st Sunday)
George Knapp (Sundays)
AnnouncerDick Ervasti
Created byArt Bell
Recording studioSherman Oaks, California
Remote studiosLos Angeles, California (Noory)
St. Louis, Missouri (Noory)
Las Vegas, Nevada (Knapp)
Original release1988 –
present
Opening theme"Chase (Theme from Midnight Express)" by Giorgio Moroder
Ending theme"Inca Dance" or "Ghost Dance" by Cusco (Shows hosted by Noory and Knapp)
"Listening to Coast to Coast" by UFO Phil (Fridays)
"Midnight in the Desert" by Crystal Gayle
Websitewww.coasttocoastam.com
PodcastStreamlink

Coast to Coast AM is an American late-night radio talk show that deals with a variety of topics. Most frequently the topics relate to either the paranormal or conspiracy theories. It was hosted by creator Art Bell from its inception in 1988 until 2003, and is currently hosted by George Noory. The program is distributed by Premiere Networks, a subsidiary of iHeartMedia, both as part of its talk network and separately as a syndicated program. The program now airs seven nights a week from 1:00–5:00 a.m. ET. It airs on over 600 affiliates, and has repeatedly been called the most popular overnight show in the country.

History

In 1978, Art Bell created and hosted West Coast AM, a late-night political talk/call-in show on Las Vegas radio station KDWN. In 1988, Bell and Alan Corberth renamed the show Coast to Coast AM and moved its studios from the Plaza Hotel in Las Vegas to Bell's home in Pahrump. After Bell's retirement, the show was hosted by various personalities, including Mike Siegel, George Noory, and others.

At its peak, Coast to Coast AM under Bell was syndicated by Premiere Radio Network, and aired on more than 500 radio stations and boasted a weekly listening audience in excess of 10 million listeners. Since 2013 the weekly listener numbers have declined to 2.5 million. According to estimates by Talkers Magazine, Coast to Coast AM has a cumulative weekly audience of around 2.75 million unique listeners listening for at least five minutes, making it the most listened-to program in its time slot. By 2010 the program was known as by far the most popular overnight show in the country, echoed by The New York Times in 2017, citing Nielsen ratings.

The show is estimated to be carried by over 600 US affiliates, along with a limited number of FM stations, as well as many Canadian affiliates, several of which stream the show on their station's website. The affiliate group is fronted by 12 clear-channel stations, among them WBT in Charlotte, WHO in Des Moines, WWL in New Orleans, WOR in New York City, KFBK in Sacramento, KFI in Los Angeles, and WTAM in Cleveland. The show is also carried by Sirius XM Radio, on its Road Dog Trucking channel 146.

Criticism

Scholars have criticized Coast to Coast AM for promoting pseudohistoric and pseudoscientific ideas. Historian Ronald H. Fritze characterized the show as an "especially influential example" of the trend in modern media to disseminate false history and fake science.

According to State University of New York (SUNY) professor Paul Arras, early shows hosted by Art Bell featured guests that were frequently pseudoscientists, but "regardless of their reputation, all guests are presented as experts." According to Arras "Bell seems to believe much of what even his wildest guests say". Boston College professor Michael C. Keith noted a "characteristic of distrust and fear that is a part of the text of Coast to Coast —fear of the unknown, fear of invasion, fear of being taken over by some kind of evil force".

Religious Studies lecturer David G. Robertson observed that "sweeping conspiratorial revisionist histories and ancient alien narratives" are a frequent feature of the show. Nolan Higdon of California State University, East Bay speculated that programs like Coast to Coast AM that "propagate unsubstantiated claims" were "potentially dangerous".

According to The Atlantic senior editor Timothy Lavin, host George Noory "lets clearly delusional or pseudoscientific assertions slide by without challenge". Lavin wrote that "Coast to Coast AM has perfected a charged and conspiratorial worldview that now pervades American media".

In 1998, the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry awarded show host Art Bell their mocking "Snuffed Candle Award", citing his work "for encouraging credulity, presenting pseudoscience as genuine, and contributing to the public's lack of understanding of the methods of scientific inquiry". CSI fellow Joe Nickell has appeared on the show occasionally as "a voice of skepticism", saying his goal was to explain and demystify the "bizarre topics 'Coast to Coast' deals with" such as Bigfoot and ghosts.

Hosts

Art Bell

Main article: Art Bell

Bell was the original host of the show, starting in 1988. He announced his retirement in 2000, but would return as show host, retire, and return again a number of times. Bell died in April 2018.

Mike Siegel

Main article: Mike Siegel

Mike Siegel hosted the show from April 2000 until February 2001. He became a frequent substitute for Bell in late 1999, and when Bell announced his retirement in early 2000, he recommended Siegel to succeed him. Siegel maintained the format of the show that Bell had created, but his personal style was very different, and the show became less popular. Siegel hosted the show from Seattle, Washington, where he lived. Early in 2001, Bell decided to return, and Siegel left the show.

Ian Punnett

Main article: Ian Punnett

Ian Punnett hosted the show sporadically, as either guest host or main host, between 1998 and 2012, and from 2018 to 2023. Punnett died in December of 2023.

John B. Wells

Main article: John B. Wells

In January 2012, John B. Wells replaced Punnett as host of the Saturday evening and the second Sunday evening programs.

George Noory

Main article: George Noory

George Noory first took over show hosting duties in 2003 as a replacement for Bell, but was temporarily discontinued after Bell returned citing disagreements with Noory. After Bell's death in April 2018, Noory said that the two were "not that close" personally and that there were major differences in their approaches. Despite this, Noory said that Bell was "instrumental in me being where I am right now." Noory currently hosts the show on weeknights and on the first Sunday of every month.

George Knapp

Main article: George Knapp (journalist)

George Knapp joined the show in 2007 and is currently hosting every third and fourth Sundays of every month.

Others

Guest hosts have included Hilly Rose, Barbara Simpson, Rollye James, Dave Schrader, Connie Willis, Lisa Garr, Richard Syrett, Rob Simone and Jimmy Church.

Guests

The show featured a number of guests, some recurring.

Associated shows

Several shows associated with Coast to Coast AM have aired in the slot immediately preceding the late Saturday night edition of the program, from 6–10 p.m. Pacific Time.

Dreamland

Dreamland was another Art Bell creation, nearly identical to Coast to Coast AM but less caller driven. Bell recorded Dreamland on Friday afternoons where the show streamed live over the Internet and listeners could call in towards the end of the show. The show then aired at various times on different stations during the weekend, but doing eight shows a week got to be too much and he handed over control of the show to Whitley Strieber. Many affiliates aired the show before Coast to Coast AM on Sunday nights, but Premiere Radio pre-empted that time spot after it began to syndicate Matt Drudge, and then dropped the program entirely.

Coast to Coast Live

Upon Art Bell's January 2006 return, Ian Punnett hosted Coast to Coast Live on Saturdays from 9 p.m. to 1 a.m. Eastern Time. A spin-off of the original Coast to Coast AM, the show covered similar topics as its flagship program. With Bell's July 2007 retirement, Coast to Coast Live was discontinued, with Punnett returning to host the regular Saturday edition.

Art Bell, Somewhere in Time

Replacing Coast to Coast Live in the late Saturday time slot is a series of reruns of classic Art Bell episodes of Coast to Coast AM, airing under the title Somewhere in Time.

Midnight in the Desert

Midnight in the Desert was a live radio and podcast which Art Bell founded. The program was later hosted by Heather Wade and then by Dave Schrader.

See also

References

  1. ^ Randy Dotinga (February 15, 2006). "Coast to Coast AM Is No Wack Job". Wired.
  2. ^ Lavin, Timothy (January 2010). "The Listener". The Atlantic. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  3. ^ Bromwich, Jonah Engel; Wertheim, Bonnie (February 20, 2017). "Does Bigfoot Have a Soul? A Radio Host's Audience Ponders". The New York Times. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  4. ^ Knight, Peter (2003). Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 120. ISBN 1-57607-812-4.
  5. "Radio Host Art Bell Dead At 72". Inside Radio. April 16, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  6. Fisher, Marc (March 29, 1998). "The outer limits: A lone voice in the desert lures 10 million listeners". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
  7. "The Top Talk Radio Audiences". Talkers Magazine. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
  8. "The Top Talk Radio Audiences". Talkers Magazine. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  9. "The Top Talk Radio Audiences (Updated 2/15)". Talkers Magazine. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014.
  10. "Road Dog Trucking Shows". Sirius XM Radio. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  11. Ronald H. Fritze (2009). Invented Knowledge: False History, Fake Science and Pseudo-religions. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-674-2.
  12. Paul Arras (2018). The Lonely Nineties: Visions of Community in Contemporary US Television. Springer. pp. 137–. ISBN 978-3-319-93094-7.
  13. David G. Robertson (2016). UFOs, Conspiracy Theories and the New Age: Millennial Conspiracism. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 101–. ISBN 978-1-4742-5321-5.
  14. Roberts, Sam (April 17, 2018). "Art Bell, Radio Host Who Tuned In to the Dark Side, Dies at 72". The New York Times. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  15. Dickey, Jack (September 23, 2013). "Insomniac Radio King Art Bell Reclaims His Crown". Time. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
  16. Judith Michaelson (April 11, 2000). "Veteran Talk-Show Host Mike Siegel to Succeed Bell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009.
  17. Edward Mazza (January 6, 2006). "Weird Radio Host Art Bell Returns". ABC News.
  18. "Coast To Coast Am". Coast To Coast Am. August 20, 2022.
  19. "Ian Punnett To Step Down From Saturday 'Coast To Coast AM,' John B. Wells Named Host". All Access. December 5, 2011. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  20. "Coast to Coast AM". Talkers. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  21. "Guests". Coast to Coast AM. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  22. "David Edward – Guests". Coast to Coast AM. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  23. "Katherine Albrecht – Guests". Coast to Coast AM. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  24. "Capt. Martin Bayerle – Guests". Coast to Coast AM. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  25. "Howard Bloom – Guests". Coast to Coast AM. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  26. "9-11 Theories & Evidence – Shows". Coast to Coast AM. February 23, 2006. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
  27. "Catherine Austin Fitts – Guests". Coast to Coast AM. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  28. "Richard C. Hoagland: out at Coast, in at Dark Matter Network". Dark City. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
  29. Darby, Seyward (July 21, 2020). Sisters in Hate: American Women on the Front Lines of White Nationalism. Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-48779-5.
  30. "Zecharia Sitchin – Guests". Coast to Coast AM. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  31. Spotlight on UFO Phil. Coast to Coast AM. October 12, 2010.

External links

34°9′12″N 118°27′56″W / 34.15333°N 118.46556°W / 34.15333; -118.46556

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