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{{Short description|Estonian politician}}
<!-- Unsourced image removed: ] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = August Rei
| image = August Rei (1-E-2960).jpg
| caption = August Rei {{Circa|1926–1930}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1886|03|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = ], ], ], ]
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1963|03|29|1886|03|22|df=y}}
| death_place = ], ]
| office1= Prime Minister in duties of the President of the ]
| term_start1 = 9 January 1945
| term_end1 = 29 March 1963
| predecessor1 = ]
| successor1 = ]
|office2=9th ]
|term_start2=4 December 1928
|term_end2=9 July 1929
|predecessor2=]
|successor2=]
|office3= ]
|term_start3=1 November 1932
|term_end3=18 May 1933
|predecessor3=]
|successor3=]
| party = ]<br>]
| alma_mater = ]
}}


'''August Rei''' ({{OldStyleDate|22 March|1886|10 March}}<ref name=birth>{{cite web|title=August Rei sünd|url=http://www.histrodamus.ee/?event=Show_event&event_id=2225&layer=138#2225|publisher=]|access-date=8 June 2013|language=Estonian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107012858/http://www.histrodamus.ee/?event=Show_event&event_id=2225&layer=138#2225|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> – 29 March 1963) was an ]n politician. He served as ] from 1928 to 1929, and as ] of the ] from 1945 to 1963.
'''August Rei''' ] III/1 (] ] - ] ] ]) was an ]n politician.


== Early life and education ==
==Education==
August Rei was born in ], ] parish, ] (now ], ]). He began studying at Emperor Alexander High School in ], but abandoned his studies there in December 1902, in order to forestall his expulsion after participating in Estonian nationalist circles. He continued his studies at ] State High School, graduating in 1904. In 1904–1905 and 1907–1911, he studied law at ]. During this time, he also translated works by socialist theoreticians such as ], ] and ] to Estonian.
Rei studied in the ] Emperor Alexander High School (the former State High School of the Livonian Province), but graduated from the ] State High School. In ] - ] and ] - ], studied law in the ].


==Beginnings of political influence== == Beginnings of political influence ==
Rei participated in the ], taking part in the organization of an uprising at the cruiser ] in July 1906 and operating as an underground activist in ]. In 1906, he edited the underground paper ''Sotsiaaldemokraat'' ("Social Democrat") in ]. Between 1912 and 1913, he was in compulsory army service. In 1913–1914 he worked as a lawyer in ].
In ] - ], Rei participated in the ]. In ], he edited the underground paper ''Sotsiaaldemokraat'' (]) in ]. Between ] and ], he was in compulsory army service. In ] - ] he worked as a lawyer in ]. In ] - ] Rei was an artillery officer in ] at the Fort of St. Petersburg. In ] and ] he was in the ] units (formed after the ] in March ] by the initiative of Estonian politicians, who achieved the permission to concentrate the Estonian soldiers). He was the Assistant Chairman of the Supreme Committee of the Estonian military. In ] and ], he was the Editor-in-Chief of the paper ''Sotsiaaldemokraat''. Between ] and ] he was the editor of ''Rahva Sõna'' (Word of the People). Up to ] he also worked as a lawyer and defended ] in ].
He received an Honorary Doctorate in Law from ].


During ], Rei served as an artillery officer at the ] in Saint Petersburg in 1914–1917. In 1917–1918 he organized the Estonian national army units, formed by the initiative of Estonian politicians after the ] in March 1917. Rei was the head of the Judicial Department of the Estonian Military Headquarters, for a short time Secretary of the Higher Military Court, and a second lieutenant from 1918.
==Career==
*Member of the ] Assembly (]): ] - ]
*Minister of Labour and Social Welfare of the Provisional Government; Deputy Prime Minister; Acting Minister of Education: ] - ]
*Chairman of the Constitutent Assembly (Asutav Kogu): ] - ]
*Head of the ]n Delegation to the ]n-]n Border Committee: ] - ]
*Head of State (Elder of State: ] ] - ] ]
*Chairman of the II ]: ] - ]
*Minister of Foreign Affairs: ] - ]
*Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs: ] - ]
*Envoy to the ]: ] - ]
*Minister of Foreign Affairs in exile: ] – ]
*Prime Minister in capacity of the President of the Republic in exile: ] ] - ] ]


In 1917–1919, he was editor-in-chief of the paper ''Sotsiaaldemokraat'', and between 1927 and 1928 he was the editor of ''Rahva Sõna'' ("Word of the People"). Rei was one of the leaders of the moderate faction of Estonia's ] movement. Aside of his later political career, he also worked as a lawyer in Tallinn up to 1936, and defended ] during his trial in 1927. He received a honorary doctorate in law from ].
==Literary interests==
Rei wrote and translated ] works and published ]s.


== Estonian independence ==
==Bibliography==
After the end of the ] in September 1918, Rei was appointed Minister of Labour and Social Welfare in the ]. Between November 1918 and January 1919, he also served as Deputy Prime Minister under ], and as Acting Minister of Education as a substitute of ], as the latter was imprisoned in Russia and unable to exercise his functions. After a government reshuffle in February 1919, Rei served as a legal advisor in the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare.


Representing the ] (ESDWP), Rei was a member of the ] in 1917–1919, and then of the ], where he was also Chairman between April 1919 and December 1920. From 1920 to 1937, Rei represented the ESDWP in the I and II ], and the ] (ESWP) in the III, IV and V Riigikogu. He was also Chairman of the II Riigikogu between June 1925 and June 1926.<ref name="riigikogu-leadership">{{cite web|url=https://www.riigikogu.ee/riigikogu/koosseis/riigikogu-juhatus/|title=Riigikogu juhatus|website=Riigikogu}}</ref>
*''Sotsialdemokraatia taktika põhimõtted'' Tallinnas : Tööliste kirjastusühisus, 1921 (Narva : Kärner) {{et icon}}

*''Have the Baltic countries voluntarily renounced their freedom : [an exposé based on authentic documentary evidence'' by August Rei. New York : World Association of Estonians, 1944 {{en icon}}
] of ] and Elder of State August Rei (right) in ], 1929]]
*''Have the small nations a right to freedom and independence?'' by August Rei. London : Boreas, 1946 {{en icon}}
Between December 1928 and July 1929, Rei was ]; during his term, a trade agreement with the ] was signed, and he hosted a visit of the King of ] ] to Estonia. Between 1930 and 1934, Rei was chairman of Tallinn City Council, as well as an advisor to the Ministry of Roads. Between November 1932 and May 1933, he served as ] in the government of Konstantin Päts. Between August 1936 and December 1937 he was Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, and then Estonia's envoy to the Soviet Union in 1938–1940.
*''The drama of the Baltic peoples'' by August Rei; preface by ]. Stockholm: Vaba Eesti, 1972 (Åbo : Sydvästkusten) {{en icon}}

== Exile and death ==
Following the June 1940 ], Rei escaped from ] to ] through ]. Remaining in Sweden for the rest of his life, he was active in several Estonian exile organisations during ], and served as ] of the ] from 1945 until his death.

Rei died in Stockholm in 1963. In 2006, his urn, along with the urn of his wife Therese Rei, were moved from ] Cemetery in Stockholm to ] Cemetery in Tallinn.

==Honours==
* {{Flag|Estonia}}: ] III, 1st class (1920)
* {{Flag|Estonia}}: ], 1st class (1930)

== Selected bibliography ==
* ''Sotsialdemokraatia taktika põhimõtted'' Tallinnas : Tööliste kirjastusühisus, 1921 (Narva : Kärner) {{in lang|et}}
* ''Have the Baltic countries voluntarily renounced their freedom : an exposé based on authentic documentary evidence'' by August Rei. New York : World Association of Estonians, 1944 {{in lang|en}}
* ''Have the small nations a right to freedom and independence?'' by August Rei. London : Boreas, 1946 {{in lang|en}}
* ''The drama of the Baltic peoples'' by August Rei; preface by ]. Stockholm: Vaba Eesti, 1970 (Åbo : Sydvästkusten) {{in lang|en}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
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*

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Latest revision as of 06:02, 14 August 2024

Estonian politician

August Rei
August Rei c. 1926–1930
Prime Minister in duties of the President of the Estonian government-in-exile
In office
9 January 1945 – 29 March 1963
Preceded byJüri Uluots
Succeeded byAleksander Warma
9th State Elder of Estonia
In office
4 December 1928 – 9 July 1929
Preceded byJaan Tõnisson
Succeeded byOtto Strandman
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia
In office
1 November 1932 – 18 May 1933
Preceded byMihkel Pung
Succeeded byAnts Piip
Personal details
Born(1886-03-22)22 March 1886
Kurla, Kreis Fellin, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire
Died29 March 1963(1963-03-29) (aged 77)
Stockholm, Sweden
Political partyEstonian Social Democratic Workers' Party
Estonian Socialist Workers' Party
Alma materSaint Petersburg State University

August Rei (22 March [O.S. 10 March] 1886 – 29 March 1963) was an Estonian politician. He served as State Elder of Estonia from 1928 to 1929, and as Prime Minister in duties of the President of the Estonian government-in-exile from 1945 to 1963.

Early life and education

August Rei was born in Kurla, Pilistvere parish, Kreis Fellin (now Türi Parish, Järva County). He began studying at Emperor Alexander High School in Tartu, but abandoned his studies there in December 1902, in order to forestall his expulsion after participating in Estonian nationalist circles. He continued his studies at Novgorod State High School, graduating in 1904. In 1904–1905 and 1907–1911, he studied law at Saint Petersburg State University. During this time, he also translated works by socialist theoreticians such as Ferdinand Lassalle, Karl Kautsky and August Bebel to Estonian.

Beginnings of political influence

Rei participated in the Russian Revolution of 1905, taking part in the organization of an uprising at the cruiser Pamiat Azova in July 1906 and operating as an underground activist in Narva. In 1906, he edited the underground paper Sotsiaaldemokraat ("Social Democrat") in Tallinn. Between 1912 and 1913, he was in compulsory army service. In 1913–1914 he worked as a lawyer in Viljandi.

During World War I, Rei served as an artillery officer at the Peter and Paul Fortress in Saint Petersburg in 1914–1917. In 1917–1918 he organized the Estonian national army units, formed by the initiative of Estonian politicians after the Second Russian Revolution in March 1917. Rei was the head of the Judicial Department of the Estonian Military Headquarters, for a short time Secretary of the Higher Military Court, and a second lieutenant from 1918.

In 1917–1919, he was editor-in-chief of the paper Sotsiaaldemokraat, and between 1927 and 1928 he was the editor of Rahva Sõna ("Word of the People"). Rei was one of the leaders of the moderate faction of Estonia's social democratic movement. Aside of his later political career, he also worked as a lawyer in Tallinn up to 1936, and defended Ado Birk during his trial in 1927. He received a honorary doctorate in law from Tartu University.

Estonian independence

After the end of the German occupation of Estonia in September 1918, Rei was appointed Minister of Labour and Social Welfare in the Estonian Provisional Government. Between November 1918 and January 1919, he also served as Deputy Prime Minister under Konstantin Päts, and as Acting Minister of Education as a substitute of Karl Luts, as the latter was imprisoned in Russia and unable to exercise his functions. After a government reshuffle in February 1919, Rei served as a legal advisor in the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare.

Representing the Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party (ESDWP), Rei was a member of the Estonian Provincial Assembly in 1917–1919, and then of the Estonian Constituent Assembly, where he was also Chairman between April 1919 and December 1920. From 1920 to 1937, Rei represented the ESDWP in the I and II Riigikogu, and the Estonian Socialist Workers' Party (ESWP) in the III, IV and V Riigikogu. He was also Chairman of the II Riigikogu between June 1925 and June 1926.

King Gustaf V of Sweden and Elder of State August Rei (right) in Tallinn, 1929

Between December 1928 and July 1929, Rei was State Elder of Estonia; during his term, a trade agreement with the Soviet Union was signed, and he hosted a visit of the King of Sweden Gustaf V to Estonia. Between 1930 and 1934, Rei was chairman of Tallinn City Council, as well as an advisor to the Ministry of Roads. Between November 1932 and May 1933, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government of Konstantin Päts. Between August 1936 and December 1937 he was Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, and then Estonia's envoy to the Soviet Union in 1938–1940.

Exile and death

Following the June 1940 Soviet invasion and occupation of Estonia and the other Baltic states, Rei escaped from Moscow to Stockholm through Riga. Remaining in Sweden for the rest of his life, he was active in several Estonian exile organisations during World War II, and served as Prime Minister in duties of the President of the Estonian government-in-exile from 1945 until his death.

Rei died in Stockholm in 1963. In 2006, his urn, along with the urn of his wife Therese Rei, were moved from Bromma Cemetery in Stockholm to Metsakalmistu Cemetery in Tallinn.

Honours

Selected bibliography

  • Sotsialdemokraatia taktika põhimõtted Tallinnas : Tööliste kirjastusühisus, 1921 (Narva : Kärner) (in Estonian)
  • Have the Baltic countries voluntarily renounced their freedom : an exposé based on authentic documentary evidence by August Rei. New York : World Association of Estonians, 1944 (in English)
  • Have the small nations a right to freedom and independence? by August Rei. London : Boreas, 1946 (in English)
  • The drama of the Baltic peoples by August Rei; preface by Eugene Lyons. Stockholm: Vaba Eesti, 1970 (Åbo : Sydvästkusten) (in English)

References

  1. "August Rei sünd" (in Estonian). Histrodamus. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  2. "Riigikogu juhatus". Riigikogu.

External links

Political offices
Preceded byJaan Tõnisson Speaker of the Riigikogu
1925–1926 		Succeeded byKarl Einbund
Preceded byJaan Tõnisson Head of State of Estonia
1928–1929 		Succeeded byOtto Strandman
Preceded byMihkel Pung Minister of Foreign Affairs
1932–1933 		Succeeded byAnts Piip
Preceded byJüri Uluots Prime Minister in duties of the President
1945–1963 		Succeeded byAleksander Warma
Preceded byAnts Piip (not in exile) Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs in exile
1944 		Succeeded byHans Rebane
Diplomatic posts
Preceded byAugust Traksmaa Ambassador of Estonia to Soviet Union
1938–1940 		Succeeded bynone
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