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| The ] applied ] until ] when ]'s last male heir died and ] adopted cognatic primogeniture making Princess ] ]. No males were born into the ] until ]. In ] the Netherlands adopted full lineal primogeniture (the eldest child is heir). | |||
| ], from which the Dutch monarch delivers the ] on the ].|alt=]] | |||
| {{Monarchic orders of succession}} | |||
| Since 1983, the crown of the Netherlands passes according to ]. From 1814 until 1887, a monarch could only be succeeded by their closest female relative if there were no eligible male relatives. ] was adopted in 1887, though abolished when absolute primogeniture was introduced in 1983. ] has been taken into consideration since 1922, when the constitution was changed to limit the line of succession to three degrees of kinship<ref>Degrees of kinship are counted here according to Roman law, or post-1983 Canon Law: counting the number of births between two people via their common ancestor.</ref> from the current monarch.<ref name="abdication">{{cite web|url=http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/globale-paginas/taalrubrieken/english/abdication-and-investiture/ |website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl |publisher=Dutch Royal Court |title=Succession |access-date=22 December 2013 |quote=The Constitution stipulates that the title to the throne is reserved to blood relatives of the monarch up to the third degree of consanguinity as defined in Dutch law. This means that Prince Maurits and Prince Bernhard will no longer be in the line of succession to the throne. When the Prince of Orange becomes King, the line of succession will start with his children: the Princess of Orange, Princess Alexia and Princess Ariane. Next in line will be Prince Constantijn, then his children and finally Princess Margriet. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622132327/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/globale-paginas/taalrubrieken/english/abdication-and-investiture/ |archive-date=22 June 2015 }}</ref> In a situation where the monarch is succeeded by an eligible aunt or uncle, persons previously excluded could be reintroduced into the line of succession. | |||
| For the succession of Beatrix the following order of priority applies: | |||
| #HRH ], Prince of Orange, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg (eldest son of ]) | |||
| #HRH ], Princess of Orange-Nassau (eldest child of Prince Willem-Alexander) | |||
| #the unborn child of Willem-Alexander and his wife Máxima | |||
| #HRH ], Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg (youngest son of Queen Beatrix) | |||
| # ], Jonkvrouw van Amsberg (daughter of Prince Constantijn) | |||
| # ], Jonkheer van Amsberg (son of Prince Constantijn) | |||
| #HRH ], Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld (daughter of ]) | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| #HH ] (son of Princess Margriet) | |||
| #HH ] (son of Princess Margriet) | |||
| In October 2021, in a letter to parliament Prime Minister ] stated that the monarch and the heir to the throne could ] without being forced to abdicate or give up their place in the line of succession.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/dutch-pm-gay-marriage-no-barrier-netherlands-royal-house-2021-10-12/|title=Love is love: Gay marriage possible for Dutch monarch|work=Reuters|date=12 October 2021|accessdate=13 October 2021}}</ref> | |||
| Thus, after Willem-Alexander come his daughter, his unborn child, a brother, a ], a nephew, an aunt, and four cousins, in that order. | |||
| == Line of succession == | |||
| ⚫ | Notes |
||
| The list below contains all people currently eligible to directly succeed to the throne (numbered 1 to 8) and the descendants of ] who would be eligible if she were to succeed. | |||
| *Queen Beatrix's second son ] was removed from the succession when he married without government approval in 2004. | |||
| *Maurits' and Bernhard's children are not on the list, because their kinship with Beatrix is of the fourth degree, the constitutional maximum being of the third degree. | |||
| {{Tree list}} | |||
| *for the same reason, if and when Willem-Alexander becomes king, then for his successor only nrs. 2 - 7 apply (and possible new born and unborn children of him and of Constantijn), his cousins (nrs 8 -11) will be removed from the list | |||
| *] ''] (1909–2004)'' | |||
| *nrs 10 and 11 will be dropped from the list because of marriages without official consent necessary for being kept on the list | |||
| **] ] (born 1938) | |||
| ***] ''']''' (born 1967) | |||
| **** '''(1)''' ] (born 2003)<ref name="abdication"/><ref name="kate">{{cite web|url=http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/globale-paginas/taalrubrieken/english/members-of-the-royal-house/the-princess-of-orange/|website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl|publisher=Dutch Royal Court|title=The Princess of Orange|access-date=22 December 2013|quote=Since the investiture of the King on 30 April 2013, Princess Catharina-Amalia has borne the title Princess of Orange. This title can only be held by the heir to the throne.}}</ref> | |||
| **** '''(2)''' ] (b. 2005)<ref name="abdication"/><ref name="alex">{{cite web|url=http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/globale-paginas/taalrubrieken/english/members-of-the-royal-house/princess-alexia/ |website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl |publisher=Dutch Royal Court |title=Princess Alexia |access-date=22 December 2013 |quote=Princess Alexia is second in line of succession to the throne. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212044313/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/globale-paginas/taalrubrieken/english/members-of-the-royal-house/princess-alexia/ |archive-date=12 December 2013 }}</ref> | |||
| **** {{Tree list/final branch}}'''(3)''' ] (b. 2007)<ref name="abdication"/><ref name="ariane">{{cite web|url=http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/globale-paginas/taalrubrieken/english/members-of-the-royal-house/princess-ariane/ |website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl |publisher=Dutch Royal Court |title=Princess Ariane |access-date=22 December 2013 |quote=Princess Ariane is third in line of succession to the throne. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212052305/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/globale-paginas/taalrubrieken/english/members-of-the-royal-house/princess-ariane/ |archive-date=12 December 2013 }}</ref> | |||
| *** {{Tree list/final branch}}'''(4)''' ] (b. 1969)<ref name="abdication"/> | |||
| **** '''(5)''' ] (b. 2002)<ref name="abdication"/> | |||
| **** '''(6)''' ] (b. 2004)<ref name="abdication"/> | |||
| **** {{Tree list/final branch}}'''(7)''' ] (b. 2006)<ref name="abdication"/> | |||
| **{{Tree list/final branch}}'''(8)''' ] (b. 1943)<ref name="abdication"/> | |||
| ⚫ | *** ] (b. 1968) | ||
| **** Anastasia van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven (b. 2001)<ref name="marge">{{cite web|url=https://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house/princess-margriet/|website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl|publisher=Dutch Royal Court|title=Princess Margriet|access-date=22 December 2013|quote=...the children of Prince Maurits and Princess Marilène: Anna (b. 2001), Lucas (b. 2002) and Felicia (b. 2005); the children of Prince Bernhard and Princess Annette: Isabella (b. 2002), Samuel (b. 2004) and Benjamin (b. 2008)...}}</ref> | |||
| **** Lucas van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven (b. 2002)<ref name="marge"/> | |||
| **** {{Tree list/final branch}} Felicia van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven (b. 2005)<ref name="marge"/> | |||
| ⚫ | *** {{Tree list/final branch}} ] (b. 1969) | ||
| **** Isabella van Vollenhoven (b. 2002)<ref name="marge"/> | |||
| **** Samuel van Vollenhoven (b. 2004)<ref name="marge"/> | |||
| **** {{Tree list/final branch}} Benjamin van Vollenhoven (b. 2008)<ref name="marge"/> | |||
| {{Tree list/end}} | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ⚫ | ==Notes== | ||
| * ]'s second son, ], was removed from the line of succession in 2004 when he married without seeking Parliamentary approval. His two daughters, Countess Luana of Orange-Nassau van Amsberg and Countess Zaria of Orange-Nassau van Amsberg, are not in the line of succession.{{CN|date=November 2021}} | |||
| * ] (Beatrix's younger sister) was removed from the list when she married ], without Parliamentary approval. Approval was withheld because Carlos Hugo's ] pretense to the Spanish throne threatened to cause a Constitutional crisis. | |||
| * ] and ] (the younger sons of Princess Margriet), were removed from the list because they had both decided not to seek Parliamentary approval for their 2005 marriages due to their remote chance of succeeding to the throne.{{CN|date=November 2021}} | |||
| * ] and ] (the elder sons of Princess Margriet), and their descendants are not in the line because they are too distantly related to the reigning monarch. When Willem-Alexander became king on 30 April 2013, his aunt's sons lost their succession rights and will only regain them if she succeeds to the throne – in which case her children would assume appropriate places in the line of succession.<ref name="abdication"/> | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| {{Orders of succession by country}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 21:13, 25 April 2024
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Since 1983, the crown of the Netherlands passes according to absolute primogeniture. From 1814 until 1887, a monarch could only be succeeded by their closest female relative if there were no eligible male relatives. Male-preference cognatic primogeniture was adopted in 1887, though abolished when absolute primogeniture was introduced in 1983. Proximity of blood has been taken into consideration since 1922, when the constitution was changed to limit the line of succession to three degrees of kinship from the current monarch. In a situation where the monarch is succeeded by an eligible aunt or uncle, persons previously excluded could be reintroduced into the line of succession.
In October 2021, in a letter to parliament Prime Minister Mark Rutte stated that the monarch and the heir to the throne could marry a person of the same sex without being forced to abdicate or give up their place in the line of succession.
Line of succession
The list below contains all people currently eligible to directly succeed to the throne (numbered 1 to 8) and the descendants of Princess Margriet who would be eligible if she were to succeed.
Queen Juliana (1909–2004)
- Queen Beatrix (born 1938)
King Willem-Alexander (born 1967)
- (1) Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange (born 2003)
- (2) Princess Alexia (b. 2005)
- (3) Princess Ariane (b. 2007)
- (4) Prince Constantijn (b. 1969)
- (5) Countess Eloise (b. 2002)
- (6) Count Claus-Casimir (b. 2004)
- (7) Countess Leonore (b. 2006)
- (8) Princess Margriet (b. 1943)
- Prince Maurits (b. 1968)
- Anastasia van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven (b. 2001)
- Lucas van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven (b. 2002)
- Felicia van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven (b. 2005)
- Prince Bernhard (b. 1969)
- Isabella van Vollenhoven (b. 2002)
- Samuel van Vollenhoven (b. 2004)
- Benjamin van Vollenhoven (b. 2008)
- Prince Maurits (b. 1968)
See also
Notes
- Beatrix's second son, Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, was removed from the line of succession in 2004 when he married without seeking Parliamentary approval. His two daughters, Countess Luana of Orange-Nassau van Amsberg and Countess Zaria of Orange-Nassau van Amsberg, are not in the line of succession.
- Princess Irene (Beatrix's younger sister) was removed from the list when she married Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma, without Parliamentary approval. Approval was withheld because Carlos Hugo's Carlist pretense to the Spanish throne threatened to cause a Constitutional crisis.
- Prince Pieter-Christiaan and Prince Floris of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven (the younger sons of Princess Margriet), were removed from the list because they had both decided not to seek Parliamentary approval for their 2005 marriages due to their remote chance of succeeding to the throne.
- Prince Maurits and Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven (the elder sons of Princess Margriet), and their descendants are not in the line because they are too distantly related to the reigning monarch. When Willem-Alexander became king on 30 April 2013, his aunt's sons lost their succession rights and will only regain them if she succeeds to the throne – in which case her children would assume appropriate places in the line of succession.
References
- Degrees of kinship are counted here according to Roman law, or post-1983 Canon Law: counting the number of births between two people via their common ancestor.
- ^ "Succession". www.koninklijkhuis.nl. Dutch Royal Court. Archived from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
The Constitution stipulates that the title to the throne is reserved to blood relatives of the monarch up to the third degree of consanguinity as defined in Dutch law. This means that Prince Maurits and Prince Bernhard will no longer be in the line of succession to the throne. When the Prince of Orange becomes King, the line of succession will start with his children: the Princess of Orange, Princess Alexia and Princess Ariane. Next in line will be Prince Constantijn, then his children and finally Princess Margriet.
- "Love is love: Gay marriage possible for Dutch monarch". Reuters. 12 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- "The Princess of Orange". www.koninklijkhuis.nl. Dutch Royal Court. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
Since the investiture of the King on 30 April 2013, Princess Catharina-Amalia has borne the title Princess of Orange. This title can only be held by the heir to the throne.
- "Princess Alexia". www.koninklijkhuis.nl. Dutch Royal Court. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
Princess Alexia is second in line of succession to the throne.
- "Princess Ariane". www.koninklijkhuis.nl. Dutch Royal Court. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
Princess Ariane is third in line of succession to the throne.
- ^ "Princess Margriet". www.koninklijkhuis.nl. Dutch Royal Court. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
...the children of Prince Maurits and Princess Marilène: Anna (b. 2001), Lucas (b. 2002) and Felicia (b. 2005); the children of Prince Bernhard and Princess Annette: Isabella (b. 2002), Samuel (b. 2004) and Benjamin (b. 2008)...
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