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{{Infobox superfund
⚫ '''Munisport Landfill''', also referred to as "Munisport Dump" by local newspapers and residents of ], ], is a closed ] located in ] adjacent to a low-income community, a regional campus of ], ] (a state recreational park), and ] ].
| name = Munisport Landfill
| image = ]
| caption =
| city = ]
⚫ | county = ]
| state = ]
| location_map = USA Florida
| coordinates = {{coord|25.908330|-080.154160|region:US-FL|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| map_caption =
| CERCLIS_ID = FLD084535442
| contaminants = Base neutral acids, ]s, ], pesticides, ], ]
| responsible = City of North Miami
| proposed = 12/30/1982
| listed = 09/08/1983
| construction = 09/05/1997
| deleted = 09/24/1999
}}
{{Cleanup|reason=Lack of inline citations, inappropriate table use, sections need expansion|date=December 2012}}
⚫ '''Munisport Landfill''' is a closed landfill located in ] adjacent to a low-income community, a regional campus of ], ] (a state recreational park), and ] ].


The 170-acre Munisport landfill contains approximately 6.2 million cubic yards of municipal, biohazardous medical waste, and industrial wastes. <ref></ref>For 7 years, wastes were dumped and at times piled up to 50 feet high. After heavy rains, contaminated water flowed from the dump, flooding and contaminating the area. The {{convert|170|acre|km2|adj=on}} Munisport landfill contains approximately {{convert|6.2|e6cuyd}} of municipal waste and was in operation for seven years.<ref name=mtimes>{{cite web|url= http://www.miaminewtimes.com/1998-02-05/news/what-are-a-few-toxins-among-friends/|accessdate= 2007-07-13|title= What Are a Few Toxins Among Friends?|last= Park|first= Paula|publisher= Miami New Times|quote= Environmentalists can't understand why the EPA would remove the Munisport dump from the Superfund list}}</ref>


Although Munisport was found to contain very large quantities of extremely toxic chemicals, and documented to have received hospital ] waste<ref></ref> and drums of toxic chemicals <ref></ref>during its operation, heavy political pressure brought on by wealthy developers eventually led to the site being removed from the Superfund list without any of the well documented necessary cleanup. Munisport was found to contain contaminants and a "small amount" of hospital ] waste was found on the site<ref name=PHA1>{{cite web|url= http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/pha/munisport/mlf_p1.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20000929211750/http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/munisport/mlf_p1.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= September 29, 2000|accessdate= 2007-07-13|title= Public Health Assessment &ndash; Munisport Landfill, North Miami, Dade County, Florida|author= The Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services |publisher= Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|pages= 1}}</ref> and drums of toxic chemicals<ref name=PHA2>{{cite web|url= http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/munisport/mlf_p2.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20020111042224/http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/munisport/mlf_p2.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= January 11, 2002|accessdate= 2007-07-13|title= Public Health Assessment &ndash; Munisport Landfill, North Miami, Dade County, Florida|author= The Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services |publisher= Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|pages= 2}}</ref> during its operation. Audubon Society compiled a list of chemicals Munisport employees admitted had been buried in the dump. ] (EPA) officials never detected dangerous levels of those in the landfill and concentrated their efforts on the mangrove preserve south of the site, where the chief concern was the seepage of ammonia, created naturally as organic debris decomposes.
The 1992 Consent Decree between the City of North Miami and the United States redefined and shrunk the National Priorities List boundaries of the site in order to expedite delisting, to a 30-acre site is in wetlands to the east, away from the actual dump. <ref></ref>


The 1992 Consent Decree between the City of North Miami and the United States redefined and shrank the National Priorities List boundaries of the site to a {{convert|30|acre|m2|adj=on}} site is in wetlands to the east, away from the actual dump.<ref name=PHA4>{{cite web|url= http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/munisport/mlf_p4.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20000929211804/http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/munisport/mlf_p4.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= September 29, 2000|accessdate= 2007-07-13|title= Public Health Assessment &ndash; Munisport Landfill, North Miami, Dade County, Florida|author= The Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services |publisher= Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|pages= 4}}</ref>

In 2011, Munisport was designated by the EPA as a site ready for use and redevelopment.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.schedule&id=0400769|accessdate= 2020-03-19|title= MUNISPORT LANDFILL NORTH MIAMI, FL Cleanup Progress|author= Environmental Protection Agency|publisher= Environmental Protection Agency|pages=1}}</ref>


Location: ] Location: ]
Congressional District: 22 Congressional District: 22


==Current Ownership== ==Current ownership==
City of North Miami, Fl City of North Miami, Florida.


==History== ==History==
Line 19: Line 40:
!Action !Action
|- |-
| 1970 || City of North Miami purchased 350 acre parcel of land on Biscayne Bay for $12 million in bonds. | 1970 || City of North Miami purchased {{convert|350|acre|km2|adj=on}} parcel of land on Biscayne Bay for $12 million in bonds.
|- |-
| 1972 || City of North Miami leased 291 acres of this land to Munisport, Inc. for development of a golf course | 1972 || City of North Miami leased {{convert|291|acre|km2}} of this land to Munisport, Inc. for the development of a golf course
|- |-
| 1974 || Munisport, Inc began operating a landfill to fill in low-lying areas of site. Materials dumped included hospital ] waste as well as drums of ]. | 1974 || Munisport, Inc began operating a landfill to fill in low-lying areas of the site. Materials dumped included hospital ] waste as well as drums of ].
|- |-
| 1976 ||Dade County Department of Environmental Resources Management(DERM) finds twelve 55-gallon drums (labled as containing tricresyl phosphate, ethyl cyanoacetate, and acetone) leaking onto the ground surface in the eastern portion of the dump. <ref> </ref> | 1976 ||Dade County Department of Environmental Resources Management(DERM) finds twelve 55-gallon drums (labeled as containing tricresyl phosphate, ethyl cyanoacetate, and acetone) leaking onto the ground surface in the eastern portion of the dump. The drums were later removed by a contractor of the City of North Miami.<ref name=epa>{{cite web|url= http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rods/fulltext/r0490062.pdf|accessdate= 2007-07-13|title= EPA Superfund Record of Decision: MUNISPORT LANDFILL|publisher= Environmental Protection Agency|format= pdf}}</ref>
|- |-
| 1977|| County cites dump for leaking drums, medical waste, odor. | 1977|| County cites dump for leaking drums, medical waste, and odor.
|- |-
| 1980 || Munisport stopped landfill operations | 1980 || Munisport stopped landfill operations
Line 33: Line 54:
| 1981 || ] (DER) revoked Munisport, Inc. operating permit | 1981 || ] (DER) revoked Munisport, Inc. operating permit
|- |-
| 1983 || ] added Munisport Landfill to the ]. | 1983 || ] added Munisport Landfill to the ].
|- |-
| 1985 || EPA conducted a remedial investigation and found that ] from this landfill (primarily ammonia) threatens the environmental health of Biscayne Bay | 1985 || EPA conducted a remedial investigation and found that ] from this landfill (primarily ammonia) threatens the environmental health of Biscayne Bay
Line 39: Line 60:
| 1989 || Dade County Public Health Unit personnel discovered and removed a small pile of hospital waste, including human biopsies, from the landfill | 1989 || Dade County Public Health Unit personnel discovered and removed a small pile of hospital waste, including human biopsies, from the landfill
|- |-
| 1992 || In the first step to delist Munisport without the expense of a cleanup, a ] between the property owner, the City of North Miami (] ), and the United States redefined and shrunk the National Priorities List boundaries of Muninsport to exclude the actual dump. Re-defined by the PRP, the new 30-acre Superfund site is in wetlands to the east, away from the dump. | 1992 || In the first step to delist Munisport without the expense of a cleanup, a ] between the property owner, the City of North Miami (] ), and the United States redefined and shrank the National Priorities List boundaries of Muninsport to exclude the actual dump. Re-defined by the PRP, the new {{convert|30|acre|m2|adj=on}} Superfund site is in wetlands to the east, away from the dump.
|- |-
|1993||In Federal cost-recovery litigation, the PRP proved that drums and significant quantities of hazardous substances are buried in the dump. Despite this, ]-recommended soil testing is rejected, as this would interfere with proposals to build an ampitheter at the Munisport site. |1993||In Federal cost-recovery litigation, the PRP proved that drums and significant quantities of hazardous substances are buried in the dump. Despite this, ]-recommended ]ing is rejected, as this would interfere with proposals to build an amphitheater at the Munisport site.
|- |-
|1994 || A ] concluded that the dump is of "Indeterminate Health Hazard." Completed exposure pathways include air, contaminated soil, contaminated surface water, and ingestion of fish and oysters from Biscayne Bay. Among contaminants of concern are arsenic, ammonia, benzene, barium, cadmium, carbon disulfide, chromium, chlordane, dieldrin, lead, manganese, PCBs, strontium, and styrene. |1994 || A ] concluded that the dump is of "Indeterminate Health Hazard." Completed exposure pathways include air, contaminated soil, contaminated surface water, and ingestion of fish and oysters from Biscayne Bay. Among contaminants of concern are arsenic, ammonia, benzene, barium, cadmium, carbon disulfide, chromium, chlordane, dieldrin, lead, manganese, PCBs, strontium, and styrene.
|- |-
| 1996 || After intense lobbying and heavy political pressure from local politicians and developers interested in the Munisport site, the EPA conducted what many consider inadequate samples testing designed to minimize the toxicity results and pave the way for delisting the Munisport site to make way for future development for residential and/or recreational uses. Despite protests from those who had examined who had examined the Munisport site and the original scientific findings, including respected scientists , marine biologists, local citizens, and environmental groups, the EPA used these pretextual test results to remove Munisport from the Superfund list.<ref></ref> | 1996 || The EPA conducted what many consider inadequate samples testing designed to minimize the toxicity results and pave the way for delisting the Munisport site to make way for future development for residential and/or recreational uses. Despite protests from those who had examined the Munisport site and the original scientific findings, including respected scientists, marine biologists, local citizens, and environmental groups, the EPA used these pretextual test results to remove Munisport from the Superfund list.<ref name=mtimes />
|- |-
| 1999 || EPA deletes Munisport site from National Priorities List. See: http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/d990924.htm
|-
| 2005 || Boca Developers, a development group partnering with ], begins construction of "]", a $1 billion, 5,000-unit condo project.<ref name=swerdlow>{{cite web |url= http://www.swerdlowgroup.com/news23.html |title= Swerdlow Group press release |date= 2003-12-04 |accessdate= 2007-07-13 |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20050812084002/http://www.swerdlowgroup.com/news23.html
|archivedate = 2005-08-12}}</ref>
|- |-
| 2007|| First two condo towers open. | 2007|| First two condo towers open.
Line 52: Line 77:


==Current status== ==Current status==
].
Inactive. Toxins still present. Original recommended cleanup not performed.


==Location== ==Location==
Munisport is about 2,000 feet northwest of Biscayne Bay. Munisport is bordered on the north by Northeast 151st Street., on the south by N.E. 135th Street on the east by Florida International University, and on the west by Biscayne Blvd. Munisport is about {{convert|2000|ft|m}} northwest of Biscayne Bay. Munisport is bordered on the north by Northeast 151st Street., on the south by N.E. 135th Street on the east by Florida International University, and on the west by Biscayne Blvd.


==Description== ==Description==
Munisport Dump, also known as "Munisport Landfill", comprises some 291 acres, containing 6.2 million cubic yards of municipal, biohazardous, and industrial waste.<ref></ref> It is a registered ] site. Munisport Landfill comprises some {{convert|291|acre|km2}}, containing {{convert|6.2|e6cuyd}} of municipal, biohazardous, and industrial waste.<ref name=CoHW>{{cite web|url= http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps21/c95a2130-1.html |accessdate= 2007-07-13|title= Congress '95 Abstracts|work= The International Congress on Hazardous Waste: Impact on Human and Ecological Health|publisher= Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> It is a registered ] site.


There are 4 areas: a 170-acre landfill, 15 acres of uplands, 93 acres of altered wetlands, and 13 acres adjacent to Biscayne Bay that are separated from the rest of the site by the State of Florida mangrove preserve There are 4 areas: a {{convert|170|acre|km2|adj=on}} landfill, {{convert|15|acre|m2}} of uplands, {{convert|93|acre|m2}} of altered wetlands, and {{convert|13|acre|m2}} adjacent to Biscayne Bay that are separated from the rest of the site by the State of Florida mangrove preserve


==Environmental Risks== ==Environmental risks==
The Munisport Dump is located about 2000 feet from Biscayne Bay. Natural soils in the landfill/dump area had been removed prior to dumping, increasing risk of pollution seepage, especially into the ], a primary source for drinking water in South Florida. The solid waste was disposed of without the use of a liner and with no leachate control mechanisms, so rainfall percolating through the solid waste has caused the release of elevated levels of ammonia and other toxic pollutants into the underlying groundwater and discharges into adjacent surface water. The Munisport Landfill is located about {{convert|2000|ft|m}} from Biscayne Bay. Natural soils in the landfill area had been removed prior to dumping, increasing the risk of pollution seepage, especially into the ], a primary source for drinking water in South Florida. The solid waste was disposed of without the use of a liner and with no leachate control mechanisms, so rainfall percolating through the solid waste has caused the release of elevated levels of ammonia and other contaminants into the underlying groundwater and discharges into adjacent surface water.


The remainder of Munisport site beyond the landfill area unfortunately lies below the mean high water line, further increasing risk. Both inside and outside a dike The remainder of the Munisport site beyond the landfill area, unfortunately, lies below the mean high water line, further increasing risk. Both inside and outside a dike constructed along the southeastern edge of the property are mangrove swamps. Biscayne Aquifer lies {{convert|150|ft|m}} below the ground surface. The flow of regional groundwater is southeastward, towards Biscayne Bay, but varies locally due to mounding.
constructed along the southeastern edge of the property are mangrove swamps. Biscayne Aquifer
lies 150 feet below the ground surface. The flow of regional groundwater is southeastward,
towards Biscayne Bay, but varies locally due to mounding.


==Documented Contamination== ==Documented contamination==
For 7 years, nearby residents have suffered as wastes were dumped into groundwater and piled up to 50 feet high. After heavy rains, contaminated water flows from the dump, flooding and contaminating the area. For seven years, nearby residents suffered as wastes were dumped into groundwater and piled up to {{convert|50|ft|m}} high. After heavy rains, contaminated water flows from the dump, flooding and contaminating the area.


When the Environmental Protection Agency originally released their evaluation and report on the Munisport superfund site, it clearly stated that the land should never be developed and that an impermeable "cap" should be placed on the area so that toxic chemicals could not potentially leak into the air, water and soil, as the impact on human and aquatic health were unknown. When the EPA originally released its evaluation and report on the Munisport superfund site, it stated that the land should never be developed and that an impermeable "cap" should be placed on the area so that toxic chemicals could not potentially leak into the air, water and soil, as the impact on human and aquatic health were unknown.


The original EPA evaluation of the site stated that the onsite samples originally tested contained di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, and PCBs. Other samples contained lead, cadmium and ammonia. The ASTDR Public Health report stated: "Because the number of soil/fill samples is limited, we cannot determine the extent of contamination in the landfill portion of the site. Cover soil sampling on the landfill portion of the site (10 cover soil samples from 170 acres; 1 sample every 17 acres) is inadequate to fully characterize the extent of contamination. The fill material has not been sampled. Additional chemicals may be discovered and the concentrations of chemicals previously detected in the cover soil may be higher. The original EPA evaluation of the site stated that the onsite samples originally tested contained di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, and PCBs. Other samples contained lead, cadmium and ammonia. The ASTDR Public Health report stated:


{{quote|Because the number of soil/fill samples is limited, we cannot determine the extent of contamination in the landfill portion of the site. Cover soil sampling on the landfill portion of the site (10 cover soil samples from {{convert|170|acre|km2}}; 1 sample every 17 acres) is inadequate to fully characterize the extent of contamination. The fill material has not been sampled. Additional chemicals may be discovered and the concentrations of chemicals previously detected in the cover soil may be higher.
⚫ "To identify industrial facilities that could contribute to the contamination near the Munisport Landfill site, we searched the 1987, 1988, and 1989 EPA Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (TRI) database."


⚫ To identify industrial facilities that could contribute to the contamination near the Munisport Landfill site, we searched the 1987, 1988, and 1989 EPA Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (TRI) database.<ref name=PHA2 />}}
⚫ The report stated that the dumping of 2,600 pounds of styrene in 1989, and 12,000 pounds in 198, occurred by just one boatyard. Governmental regulatory agencies at that time indicated that the extent of contaminants on the entire property remained unknown. The report indicated that it was necessary to go down more than two feet below ground (soil had only been tested superficially at one inch deep) to know what was really brewing beneath the surface. There is no evidence that this was ever done.


⚫ The report stated that the dumping of {{convert|2,600|lb}} of styrene in 1989, and {{convert|12,000|lb}} in 198, occurred by just one boatyard. Governmental regulatory agencies at that time indicated that the extent of contaminants on the entire property remained unknown. The report indicated that it was necessary to go down more than {{convert|2|ft|spell=in}} below ground (soil had only been tested superficially at {{convert|1|in|adj=on|disp=sqbr}} deep) to know what was really brewing beneath the surface. There is no evidence that this was ever done.
⚫ The Public Health Assessment concluded: "Inhalation of contaminated dust is a past and future air exposure pathway. Contaminated soils and fill material are sources of contaminated dust."


⚫ The Public Health Assessment concluded: "Inhalation of contaminated dust is a past and future air exposure pathway. Contaminated soils and fill material are sources of contaminated dust."


The Western portion of Munisport Dump was backfilled with solid waste consisting, among other things, of solid waste consisting of trash and municipal garbage. Before the dump was closed, dump trucks were witnessed dumping 24 hours a day, with no government supervision. Among the non-permitted dumping discovered and documented were 12 drums containing ], The Western portion of Munisport Dump was backfilled with solid waste consisting, among other things, of solid waste consisting of trash and municipal garbage. Among the non-permitted dumping discovered and documented were 12 drums containing ], ], and ]. "Small amounts" of hospital waste were found on the site.
], and ]. On several occasions, illegal dumping of infectious
hospital waste was also witnessed.


The contamination in soil, sediments, surface water, and ground water sampled and documented include The contamination in soil, sediments, surface water, and groundwater sampled and documented include:
{{col-begin}} {{col-begin}}
{{col-break}} {{col-break}}
Line 122: Line 143:
*] *]
*] *]
*] *]
*] *]
{{col-end}} {{col-end}}


==Resident Exposure to Contamination== ==Resident exposure to contamination==
Contaminated soil and water at Munisport has exposed adjacent Higland Village mobile home park, population est. 1,500, by stormwater run-off and contaminated airborne pollution (by dust). In addition, children have been directly exposed when trespassing on the site. There was a 1990 landfill fire that could have caused additional toxic exposure, although air sampling was not done in time. In the early 1990s Highland Park residents expressed concerns that contaminated soil and water at Munisport has exposed adjacent Highland Village mobile home park, population est. 1,500, by stormwater run-off and contaminated airborne pollution (by dust). In addition, Highland Park residents expressed concerns that children have been directly exposed when trespassing on the site. There was a 1990 landfill fire that residents believe could have caused additional toxic exposure, although air sampling was not done in time.
Fish and oysters in Biscayne bay have been found contaminated with PCB and heavy metals.


===Documented complaints from adjacent Highland Village===
In 2005, workers bulldozed, moved and flattened large amounts of contaminated fill without wearing any protective gear or being warned of potential hazards. It is unknown at this time if the workers will experience any long-term effects from exposure to the toxins they have been exposed to from the dust generated. <ref> </ref>
The following are documented complaints<ref name=PHA2 /> from Highland Village Residents after dumping began at Munisport Landfill:
*rashes, respiratory illnesses, and infections suffered in the 1970s and 1980s, caused by exposure to dust from landfill.
*toxic smoke from the March/April 1990 landfill fire aggravated existing respiratory conditions
*increased rates of eye irritation and infection from swimming at the Oleta State Recreation Area and in the lagoon adjacent to Florida International University.
*children developed serious skin infections after being cut or scratched.
*inordinately high number of cancers in their neighborhood after dumping began


==See also==
⚫ *]
⚫ *]


⚫ ==References==
{{reflist|30em}}


==Further information, external links== ==External links==
* *
* *
*
* *
* *
* *
*
*
*


{{North Miami}}
⚫ ==References==
<references />


] ]
] ]
⚫ {{Superfund sites in the United States}}
⚫ ]
⚫ ]
] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 23:50, 29 December 2023

Munisport Landfill
Superfund site
Geography
CityNorth Miami
CountyMiami-Dade County
StateFlorida
Coordinates25°54′30″N 80°09′15″W / 25.908330°N 080.154160°W / 25.908330; -080.154160
Munisport Landfill is located in FloridaMunisport LandfillMunisport Landfill
Information
CERCLIS IDFLD084535442
ContaminantsBase neutral acids, inorganic compounds, heavy metals, pesticides, VOCs, PAHs
Responsible
parties		City of North Miami
Progress
Proposed12/30/1982
Listed09/08/1983
Construction
completed		09/05/1997
Deleted09/24/1999
List of Superfund sites
This article may require cleanup to meet Misplaced Pages's quality standards. The specific problem is: Lack of inline citations, inappropriate table use, sections need expansion. Please help improve this article if you can. (December 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Munisport Landfill is a closed landfill located in North Miami, Florida adjacent to a low-income community, a regional campus of Florida International University, Oleta River State Park (a state recreational park), and estuarine Biscayne Bay.

The 170-acre (0.69 km) Munisport landfill contains approximately 6.2 million cubic yards (4.7×10^ m) of municipal waste and was in operation for seven years.

Munisport was found to contain contaminants and a "small amount" of hospital biohazard waste was found on the site and drums of toxic chemicals during its operation. Audubon Society compiled a list of chemicals Munisport employees admitted had been buried in the dump. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) officials never detected dangerous levels of those in the landfill and concentrated their efforts on the mangrove preserve south of the site, where the chief concern was the seepage of ammonia, created naturally as organic debris decomposes.

The 1992 Consent Decree between the City of North Miami and the United States redefined and shrank the National Priorities List boundaries of the site to a 30-acre (120,000 m) site is in wetlands to the east, away from the actual dump.

In 2011, Munisport was designated by the EPA as a site ready for use and redevelopment.

Location: North Miami, Florida Congressional District: 22

Current ownership

City of North Miami, Florida.

History

History of Munisport Landfill
Year Action
1970 City of North Miami purchased 350-acre (1.4 km) parcel of land on Biscayne Bay for $12 million in bonds.
1972 City of North Miami leased 291 acres (1.18 km) of this land to Munisport, Inc. for the development of a golf course
1974 Munisport, Inc began operating a landfill to fill in low-lying areas of the site. Materials dumped included hospital biohazard waste as well as drums of toxic chemicals.
1976 Dade County Department of Environmental Resources Management(DERM) finds twelve 55-gallon drums (labeled as containing tricresyl phosphate, ethyl cyanoacetate, and acetone) leaking onto the ground surface in the eastern portion of the dump. The drums were later removed by a contractor of the City of North Miami.
1977 County cites dump for leaking drums, medical waste, and odor.
1980 Munisport stopped landfill operations
1981 Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (DER) revoked Munisport, Inc. operating permit
1983 (EPA) added Munisport Landfill to the (NPL).
1985 EPA conducted a remedial investigation and found that leachate from this landfill (primarily ammonia) threatens the environmental health of Biscayne Bay
1989 Dade County Public Health Unit personnel discovered and removed a small pile of hospital waste, including human biopsies, from the landfill
1992 In the first step to delist Munisport without the expense of a cleanup, a Consent Decree between the property owner, the City of North Miami (principal responsible party ), and the United States redefined and shrank the National Priorities List boundaries of Muninsport to exclude the actual dump. Re-defined by the PRP, the new 30-acre (120,000 m) Superfund site is in wetlands to the east, away from the dump.
1993 In Federal cost-recovery litigation, the PRP proved that drums and significant quantities of hazardous substances are buried in the dump. Despite this, ATSDR-recommended soil testing is rejected, as this would interfere with proposals to build an amphitheater at the Munisport site.
1994 A Public Health Assessment concluded that the dump is of "Indeterminate Health Hazard." Completed exposure pathways include air, contaminated soil, contaminated surface water, and ingestion of fish and oysters from Biscayne Bay. Among contaminants of concern are arsenic, ammonia, benzene, barium, cadmium, carbon disulfide, chromium, chlordane, dieldrin, lead, manganese, PCBs, strontium, and styrene.
1996 The EPA conducted what many consider inadequate samples testing designed to minimize the toxicity results and pave the way for delisting the Munisport site to make way for future development for residential and/or recreational uses. Despite protests from those who had examined the Munisport site and the original scientific findings, including respected scientists, marine biologists, local citizens, and environmental groups, the EPA used these pretextual test results to remove Munisport from the Superfund list.
1999 EPA deletes Munisport site from National Priorities List. See: http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/d990924.htm
2005 Boca Developers, a development group partnering with Michael Swerdlow, begins construction of "Biscayne Landing", a $1 billion, 5,000-unit condo project.
2007 First two condo towers open.

Current status

Brownfield.

Location

Munisport is about 2,000 feet (610 m) northwest of Biscayne Bay. Munisport is bordered on the north by Northeast 151st Street., on the south by N.E. 135th Street on the east by Florida International University, and on the west by Biscayne Blvd.

Description

Munisport Landfill comprises some 291 acres (1.18 km), containing 6.2 million cubic yards (4.7×10^ m) of municipal, biohazardous, and industrial waste. It is a registered Superfund site.

There are 4 areas: a 170-acre (0.69 km) landfill, 15 acres (61,000 m) of uplands, 93 acres (380,000 m) of altered wetlands, and 13 acres (53,000 m) adjacent to Biscayne Bay that are separated from the rest of the site by the State of Florida mangrove preserve

Environmental risks

The Munisport Landfill is located about 2,000 feet (610 m) from Biscayne Bay. Natural soils in the landfill area had been removed prior to dumping, increasing the risk of pollution seepage, especially into the Biscayne Aquifer, a primary source for drinking water in South Florida. The solid waste was disposed of without the use of a liner and with no leachate control mechanisms, so rainfall percolating through the solid waste has caused the release of elevated levels of ammonia and other contaminants into the underlying groundwater and discharges into adjacent surface water.

The remainder of the Munisport site beyond the landfill area, unfortunately, lies below the mean high water line, further increasing risk. Both inside and outside a dike constructed along the southeastern edge of the property are mangrove swamps. Biscayne Aquifer lies 150 feet (46 m) below the ground surface. The flow of regional groundwater is southeastward, towards Biscayne Bay, but varies locally due to mounding.

Documented contamination

For seven years, nearby residents suffered as wastes were dumped into groundwater and piled up to 50 feet (15 m) high. After heavy rains, contaminated water flows from the dump, flooding and contaminating the area.

When the EPA originally released its evaluation and report on the Munisport superfund site, it stated that the land should never be developed and that an impermeable "cap" should be placed on the area so that toxic chemicals could not potentially leak into the air, water and soil, as the impact on human and aquatic health were unknown.

The original EPA evaluation of the site stated that the onsite samples originally tested contained di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, and PCBs. Other samples contained lead, cadmium and ammonia. The ASTDR Public Health report stated:

Because the number of soil/fill samples is limited, we cannot determine the extent of contamination in the landfill portion of the site. Cover soil sampling on the landfill portion of the site (10 cover soil samples from 170 acres (0.69 km); 1 sample every 17 acres) is inadequate to fully characterize the extent of contamination. The fill material has not been sampled. Additional chemicals may be discovered and the concentrations of chemicals previously detected in the cover soil may be higher. To identify industrial facilities that could contribute to the contamination near the Munisport Landfill site, we searched the 1987, 1988, and 1989 EPA Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (TRI) database.

The report stated that the dumping of 2,600 pounds (1,200 kg) of styrene in 1989, and 12,000 pounds (5,400 kg) in 198, occurred by just one boatyard. Governmental regulatory agencies at that time indicated that the extent of contaminants on the entire property remained unknown. The report indicated that it was necessary to go down more than two feet (0.61 m) below ground (soil had only been tested superficially at 1-inch deep) to know what was really brewing beneath the surface. There is no evidence that this was ever done.

The Public Health Assessment concluded: "Inhalation of contaminated dust is a past and future air exposure pathway. Contaminated soils and fill material are sources of contaminated dust."

The Western portion of Munisport Dump was backfilled with solid waste consisting, among other things, of solid waste consisting of trash and municipal garbage. Among the non-permitted dumping discovered and documented were 12 drums containing tricresyl phosphate, ethylcyanoacetate, and acetate. "Small amounts" of hospital waste were found on the site.

The contamination in soil, sediments, surface water, and groundwater sampled and documented include:

Resident exposure to contamination

In the early 1990s Highland Park residents expressed concerns that contaminated soil and water at Munisport has exposed adjacent Highland Village mobile home park, population est. 1,500, by stormwater run-off and contaminated airborne pollution (by dust). In addition, Highland Park residents expressed concerns that children have been directly exposed when trespassing on the site. There was a 1990 landfill fire that residents believe could have caused additional toxic exposure, although air sampling was not done in time.

Documented complaints from adjacent Highland Village

The following are documented complaints from Highland Village Residents after dumping began at Munisport Landfill:

  • rashes, respiratory illnesses, and infections suffered in the 1970s and 1980s, caused by exposure to dust from landfill.
  • toxic smoke from the March/April 1990 landfill fire aggravated existing respiratory conditions
  • increased rates of eye irritation and infection from swimming at the Oleta State Recreation Area and in the lagoon adjacent to Florida International University.
  • children developed serious skin infections after being cut or scratched.
  • inordinately high number of cancers in their neighborhood after dumping began

See also

References

  1. ^ Park, Paula. "What Are a Few Toxins Among Friends?". Miami New Times. Retrieved 2007-07-13. Environmentalists can't understand why the EPA would remove the Munisport dump from the Superfund list
  2. The Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services. "Public Health Assessment – Munisport Landfill, North Miami, Dade County, Florida". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 29, 2000. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  3. ^ The Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services. "Public Health Assessment – Munisport Landfill, North Miami, Dade County, Florida". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. p. 2. Archived from the original on January 11, 2002. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  4. The Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services. "Public Health Assessment – Munisport Landfill, North Miami, Dade County, Florida". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. p. 4. Archived from the original on September 29, 2000. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  5. Environmental Protection Agency. "MUNISPORT LANDFILL NORTH MIAMI, FL Cleanup Progress". Environmental Protection Agency. p. 1. Retrieved 2020-03-19.
  6. "EPA Superfund Record of Decision: MUNISPORT LANDFILL" (pdf). Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  7. "Swerdlow Group press release". 2003-12-04. Archived from the original on 2005-08-12. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  8. "Congress '95 Abstracts". The International Congress on Hazardous Waste: Impact on Human and Ecological Health. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Retrieved 2007-07-13.

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