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| {{Short description|Branch of astrology dealing with politics, government, and law}} | |||
| '''Mundane Astrology''' is the application of ] to world affairs and world events, taking its name from the ] word ''Mundus'', meaning ''"the ]"''. Mundane astrology is widely believed by ] to be the most ] branch of astrology in the ]. | |||
| ], ''Harmonia macrocosmica'', plate 15, 1661]] | |||
| '''Mundane astrology''', also known as '''political astrology''', is the branch of ] dealing with ], the ], and the ] governing a particular ], ], or ]. The name derives name from the ] term {{Lang|la|mundus}}, 'world'. | |||
| Many modern and ancient mundane ]s believe correlations exist between ] (such as ]s, ], etc.) and ] phenomena (the movement of celestial bodies in relation to the ]). | |||
| Certain countries have ] (or ]s) just like a person is said to in astrology; for example, the chart for the United States is widely thought to be sometime during the day of ], ], for this is the exact day that the ] was signed and made fully official, thus causing the "birth" of the United States as a nation. Indeed, ] is a major national ] in America and unequivocally thought of as the "]" of the entire nation. | |||
| In the ] it was more commonly known as the ] - meaning the study of the revolutions of the planets in their apparent orbits around the ]. This is the origin of the idea of the political revolution – the rise and fall of states in line with celestial revolutions. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| Mundane Astrology had two purposes; one was to look back and explain ], looking for patterns and a sense of some greater purpose in apparently chaotic events such as the rise and fall of ]s or ]s. The other was to predict the ]. Some ] believed that the world could be saved from disaster if future troubles could be predicted – and subsequently averted. | |||
| Mundane astrology is widely believed by astrological historians to be the most ancient branch of ].{{sfnp|Baigent|1994|p={{page needed|date=November 2022}}}} Early Babylonian astrology was exclusively concerned with mundane astrology, being geographically oriented, specifically applied to countries cities and nations, and almost wholly concerned with the welfare of the state and the king as the governing head of the nation.{{sfnp|Koch-Westenholz|1995|p=19}} Astrological practices of divination and planetary interpretation have been used for millennia to answer political questions, but only with the gradual emergence of ], from the sixth century BC, did astrology develop into the two distinct branches of mundane astrology and ].{{sfnp|Baigent|Campion|Harvey|1984|p={{page needed|date=November 2022}}}}{{sfnp|Broecke|2003|pp=}} | |||
| ==Techniques and principles== | |||
| Although it was originally developed in ancient ] there have been three subsequent major periods of developments. In ] ] the ] ] ] set down the fundamentals of mundane astrology in his famous treatise on astrology, the ''Tetrabiblos''. In the ninth and tenth centuries the astrologers of the ] added many more techniques, particularly the use of the cycles of ] and ] to identify the rise and fall of ]s and religions. The ] saw a major proliferation of techniques mainly based on the use of ] rather than, as had always been the case the intepretation of planetary positions in ]s or ]s. | |||
| Astrologically, the affairs of a nation are judged from the horoscope set up at the time of its official inauguration or the birth chart of its leader, or various phenomena such as ], ], ]s, planetary stations, ] and ].{{sfnp|Raphael|1996|pp=15-17}} | |||
| The techniques of the subject were discussed in detail in the 2nd century work of the ]n ] ], who outlined its principles in the second book of his ]. Ptolemy set this topic before his discussion of individual birth charts because he argued that the astrological assessment of any 'particular' individual must rest upon prior knowledge of the 'general' temperament of their ethnic type; and that the circumstances of individual lives are subsumed, to some extent, within the fate of their community.{{efn|{{harvp|Ptolemy|1940|loc=II, 2: p. }}: "And since weaker natures always yield to the stronger, and the particular always falls under the general, it would by all means be necessary for those who purpose an inquiry about a single individual long before to have comprehended the more general considerations".}} The third chapter of his work offers an association between planets, zodiac signs and the national characteristics of 73 nations. It concludes with three assertions which act as core principles of mundane astrology: | |||
| # Each of the fixed stars has familiarity with the countries attributed to the sign of its ecliptic rising. | |||
| # The time of the first founding of a city (or nation) can be used in a similar way to an individual ], to astrologically establish the characteristics and experiences of that city. The most significant considerations are the regions of the zodiac which mark the place of the Sun and Moon, and the ] – in particular the ]. | |||
| # If the time of the foundation of the city or nation is not known, a similar use can be made of the horoscope of whoever holds office or is king at the time, with particular attention given to the ] of that chart.{{sfnp|Ptolemy|1940|loc=II, 3: p. }} | |||
| ==Practice== | |||
| The first English astrologer for whom we have evidence of astrological practice is Richard Trewythian,{{sfnp|Page|2001|p=193}} whose notebook is largely concerned with mundane astrology. He constructed horoscopes for the Sun's ingress into Aries over thirty years, and recorded general predictions for twelve of those years between 1430 and 1458.{{sfnp|Page|2001|p=201}} His notebooks demonstrate how he recorded the logic for his conclusions: | |||
| {{blockquote|Pregnant women and boys will incur harm and severe dangers. This conclusion is drawn from the trine aspect between Saturn and Venus on the day of the ingress. {{Clear}} | |||
| Concerning the wars of this year: they will be caused by the aspect of opposition of two heavy planets, which will occur on 27 March. And the time of the beginning of the war will be on the first day of May. This conclusion is drawn by the application of the greater luminary to Saturn. Merchants will be well disposed this year.{{sfnp|Page|2001|p=202}} | |||
| }} | |||
| He also made several predictions concerning the king (Henry VI), such as one he made in 1433 where he noted: "it seems that the king will be sick this year because Saturn is lord of the tenth house".{{sfnp|Page|2001|p=202}} | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{notelist}} | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist|2}} | |||
| ===Works cited=== | |||
| *{{cite book |title=Mundane Astrology |first1=Michael |last1=Baigent |author1-link=Michael Baigent |first2=Nicholas |last2=Campion |author2-link=Nicholas Campion |first3=Charles |last3=Harvey |publisher=Aquarian Press |year=1984 |isbn=978-0850303025}} | |||
| *{{cite book |title=From the Omens of Babylon: Astrology and Ancient Mesopotamia |first=Michael |last=Baigent |publisher=Arkana |year=1994 |isbn=978-0140194807}} | |||
| *{{cite book |first=Steven Vanden |last=Broecke |title=The limits of influence: Pico, Louvain, and the crisis of Renaissance astrology |year=2003 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-13169-9}} | |||
| *{{cite book |last=Koch-Westenholz |first=Ulla |year=1995 |title=Mesopotamian Astrology:An Introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian Celestial Divination |publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press |isbn=978-8772892870}} | |||
| *{{cite journal |first=Sophie |last=Page |title=Richard Trewythian and the Uses of Astrology in Late Medieval England |journal=Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes |volume=64 |year=2001 |pages=193–228 |publisher=The Warburg Institute |doi=10.2307/751562 |jstor=751562|s2cid=160610768 }} | |||
| *{{cite book |last=Ptolemy |first=Claudius |author-link=Ptolemy |title=Tetrabiblos |series=Loeb Classical Library |translator=Frank Egleston Robbins |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1940 |url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ptolemy/Tetrabiblos/2A*.html |access-date=2022-11-20}} | |||
| *{{cite book |author=Raphael |author-link=Robert Cross Smith |year=1996 |orig-year=1897 |title=Raphael's Mundane Astrology Or the Effects of the Planets and Signs Upon the Nations and Countries of the World |publisher=Sun Publishing Company}} | |||
| == External links == | == External links == | ||
| * hosted by (accessed 1 July 2012). The complete fourth book of William Ramesey's ''Astrologiae Restaurata'', 'Astrology Restored' (London, 1653), edited and annotated by Steven Birchfield (1.43MB). The Fourth book is entitled ''Astrologia Munda'', 'Mundane Astrology' - said by Birchfield to be the closest thing we have to an accessible textbook on traditional mundane astrology. | |||
| * - A very cogent introduction to Mundane Astrology, the most ancient branch of astrology. | |||
| {{Astrology-footer}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:35, 28 September 2024
Branch of astrology dealing with politics, government, and law
Mundane astrology, also known as political astrology, is the branch of astrology dealing with politics, the government, and the laws governing a particular nation, state, or city. The name derives name from the Latin term mundus, 'world'.
Certain countries have astrological charts (or horoscopes) just like a person is said to in astrology; for example, the chart for the United States is widely thought to be sometime during the day of July 4, 1776, for this is the exact day that the Declaration of Independence was signed and made fully official, thus causing the "birth" of the United States as a nation. Indeed, July 4 is a major national holiday in America and unequivocally thought of as the "birthday" of the entire nation.
History
Mundane astrology is widely believed by astrological historians to be the most ancient branch of astrology. Early Babylonian astrology was exclusively concerned with mundane astrology, being geographically oriented, specifically applied to countries cities and nations, and almost wholly concerned with the welfare of the state and the king as the governing head of the nation. Astrological practices of divination and planetary interpretation have been used for millennia to answer political questions, but only with the gradual emergence of horoscopic astrology, from the sixth century BC, did astrology develop into the two distinct branches of mundane astrology and natal astrology.
Techniques and principles
Astrologically, the affairs of a nation are judged from the horoscope set up at the time of its official inauguration or the birth chart of its leader, or various phenomena such as eclipses, lunations, great conjunctions, planetary stations, comets and ingresses.
The techniques of the subject were discussed in detail in the 2nd century work of the Alexandrian astronomer Ptolemy, who outlined its principles in the second book of his Tetrabiblos. Ptolemy set this topic before his discussion of individual birth charts because he argued that the astrological assessment of any 'particular' individual must rest upon prior knowledge of the 'general' temperament of their ethnic type; and that the circumstances of individual lives are subsumed, to some extent, within the fate of their community. The third chapter of his work offers an association between planets, zodiac signs and the national characteristics of 73 nations. It concludes with three assertions which act as core principles of mundane astrology:
- Each of the fixed stars has familiarity with the countries attributed to the sign of its ecliptic rising.
- The time of the first founding of a city (or nation) can be used in a similar way to an individual horoscope, to astrologically establish the characteristics and experiences of that city. The most significant considerations are the regions of the zodiac which mark the place of the Sun and Moon, and the four angles of the chart – in particular the ascendant.
- If the time of the foundation of the city or nation is not known, a similar use can be made of the horoscope of whoever holds office or is king at the time, with particular attention given to the midheaven of that chart.
Practice
The first English astrologer for whom we have evidence of astrological practice is Richard Trewythian, whose notebook is largely concerned with mundane astrology. He constructed horoscopes for the Sun's ingress into Aries over thirty years, and recorded general predictions for twelve of those years between 1430 and 1458. His notebooks demonstrate how he recorded the logic for his conclusions:
Pregnant women and boys will incur harm and severe dangers. This conclusion is drawn from the trine aspect between Saturn and Venus on the day of the ingress.
Concerning the wars of this year: they will be caused by the aspect of opposition of two heavy planets, which will occur on 27 March. And the time of the beginning of the war will be on the first day of May. This conclusion is drawn by the application of the greater luminary to Saturn. Merchants will be well disposed this year.
He also made several predictions concerning the king (Henry VI), such as one he made in 1433 where he noted: "it seems that the king will be sick this year because Saturn is lord of the tenth house".
Notes
- Ptolemy (1940), II, 2: p. 119: "And since weaker natures always yield to the stronger, and the particular always falls under the general, it would by all means be necessary for those who purpose an inquiry about a single individual long before to have comprehended the more general considerations".
References
- Baigent (1994), p. .
- Koch-Westenholz (1995), p. 19.
- Baigent, Campion & Harvey (1984), p. .
- Broecke (2003), pp. 185 ff.
- Raphael (1996), pp. 15–17.
- Ptolemy (1940), II, 3: p. pp.157–161.
- Page (2001), p. 193.
- Page (2001), p. 201.
- ^ Page (2001), p. 202.
Works cited
- Baigent, Michael; Campion, Nicholas; Harvey, Charles (1984). Mundane Astrology. Aquarian Press. ISBN 978-0850303025.
- Baigent, Michael (1994). From the Omens of Babylon: Astrology and Ancient Mesopotamia. Arkana. ISBN 978-0140194807.
- Broecke, Steven Vanden (2003). The limits of influence: Pico, Louvain, and the crisis of Renaissance astrology. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-13169-9.
- Koch-Westenholz, Ulla (1995). Mesopotamian Astrology:An Introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian Celestial Divination. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 978-8772892870.
- Page, Sophie (2001). "Richard Trewythian and the Uses of Astrology in Late Medieval England". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 64. The Warburg Institute: 193–228. doi:10.2307/751562. JSTOR 751562. S2CID 160610768.
- Ptolemy, Claudius (1940). Tetrabiblos. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Frank Egleston Robbins. Harvard University Press. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
- Raphael (1996) . Raphael's Mundane Astrology Or the Effects of the Planets and Signs Upon the Nations and Countries of the World. Sun Publishing Company.
External links
- 17th Century study in the Ancient Art of Mundane Astrology hosted by Skyscript (accessed 1 July 2012). The complete fourth book of William Ramesey's Astrologiae Restaurata, 'Astrology Restored' (London, 1653), edited and annotated by Steven Birchfield (1.43MB). The Fourth book is entitled Astrologia Munda, 'Mundane Astrology' - said by Birchfield to be the closest thing we have to an accessible textbook on traditional mundane astrology.
