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| '''Austrofascism''' is a term which is frequently used to describe the authoritarian rule installed in ] between ] and ]. It was based on a ruling party, the ] (''Vaterländische Front'') and the ] (Homeguard) paramilitary units. Leaders were ] and, after Dollfuß' assassination, ], who originally were politicians of the ], which was quickly integrated into the new movement. | |||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| ==Origins and Ideology== | |||
| The system of Austrofascism was partly based on ]'s ] ] and conservative ] (]). Its basis was laid in the ] of the Christian Socialist Party on ], ]. Effectively, it meant that the democratic ] and ] were replaced by an ] system, the so-called '']'' (State of Estates). | |||
| Notably, in the ''Ständestaat'' constitution, Austria was not a ], but its official name was ''Bundesstaat Österreich'' (Federation of Austria), which belies the fact that the country's constituent parts, the ], effectively had less powers than under the 1920 constitution. | |||
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| ==History== | |||
| In March ], Dollfuß began his authoritarian strategy with a strong stance against the opposition ], who responded with the ] of ]. Dollfuß completed his work with the constitution of ], ]. Austrofascism then remained in place until the ] to ] in ]. | |||
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| ==Criticism of the Term== | |||
| Even though the term "Austrofascism" was used by the proponents of the regime itself, it is disputed until today. On a political level, criticism sometimes comes from representatives of the ] (ÖVP; the post-WW2 successors of the Christian Socialists), some of whom fail to distance themselves from the regime. They usually stress the Austro-fascists' merits in fighting for Austria's independence and against ]. It is often criticized by other parties that the ÖVP keeps a picture of Dollfuß -- the man who abolished parlamentarism -- on one of the walls of its offices in the Austrian parliament. | |||
| While it is undisputed that the regime was an authoritarian dictatorship a character (which locked away members of the opposition in ] called ''Anhaltelager''), some historians argue that it lacked certain characteristics of true fascism. Even though the Patriotic Front used fascist symbols (such as the ''Kruckenkreuz'') and was meant to be a party of the masses, it lacked a solid basis in the population. The government was also not targeting minorities or engaging in any sort of expansionism. | |||
| According to some historians, Austrofascism was a contrived and desperate attempt to "overhitler" the Nazis, a term used by Dollfuß himself. They argue that Dollfuß was rather interested in a renaissance of ] than in a ] state, meaning that he wanted to return to the time before the ideas of the ] of ] took hold. ], for example, speaks of ''semi-fascism'', where, however, some parallels to ] under ] cannot be overlooked. Both Italian Fascism and in ] also incorporated a traditionalist school represented ín ] e.g. by ] and in Germany by ]. | |||
| Thus, Austrofascism is sometimes also called ''imitation fascism''. | |||
| ==External links== | |||
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Latest revision as of 16:56, 14 July 2021
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