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{{Short description|Person who voices political dissent on the Internet}}
⚫ A '''cyber-dissident''' is a professional journalist or ] who posts news, information, or commentary on the ] that implies criticism of a ] or ].
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{multiple issues|{{Notability|date=February 2014}}
{{Original research|date=February 2014}}}}


⚫ A '''cyber-dissident''' is a professional journalist, an activist or ] who posts news, information, or commentary on the ] that implies criticism of a ] or ].
⚫ At least two ] are currently working to raise awareness of the contributions of cyber-dissidents and to defend them against the ] violations to which some of them are subjected: ] and ]. The latter has released a '''' and maintains . has been created


⚫ At least two ] are currently working to raise awareness of the contributions of cyber-dissidents and to defend them against the ] violations to which some of them are subjected: ] and ]. The latter has released a ''Handbook For Bloggers and Cyber-Dissidents''<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051001152614/https://rsf.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=542|title=Reporters sans frontières - Handbook for bloggers and cyber-dissidents|archivedate=1 October 2005|url=https://rsf.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=542}}</ref> and maintains a roster of currently imprisoned cyber-dissidents.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206155535/http://www.rsf.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=119|title=Reporters sans frontières - Cyberdissidents imprisoned|archivedate=6 February 2007|url=http://www.rsf.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=119}}</ref>
⚫ In regions where ] and ] media are tightly controlled, ] online postings by cyber-dissidents may be the only source of information about the experiences, feelings, and opinions of ordinary citizens. This advantage may be offset by the difficulty in assessing the ] and accuracy of reports originating from anonymous sources.


⚫ In regions where ] and ] media are tightly controlled, ] online postings by cyber-dissidents may be the only source of information about the experiences, feelings, and opinions of ordinary citizens. This advantage may be offset by the difficulty in assessing the ] and accuracy of reports originating from anonymous sources.
⚫ ==Persecution of Cyber-Dissidents==


Recently, social-media tools have been widely credited with igniting pervasive social upheavals, some of which have even brought down governments.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=John G.|date=2014-01-01|title=Sartre and Cyber-Dissidence: The Groupe en Fusion and the Putative We-Subject|url=https://www.berghahnjournals.com/abstract/journals/sartre-studies/20/1/ssi200102.xml|journal=Sartre Studies International|language=en-US|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.3167/ssi.2014.200102}}</ref>
⚫ ===Iran===

⚫ Mohamad Reza Nasab Abdolahi was imprisoned for publishing an open letter to ]; Mohamad's pregnant wife and other bloggers who commented on Mohamad's treatment were also imprisoned. <ref>Connor, A. (2005), , '']'', 20th June 2005. Retrieved on 29th November 2006.</ref>
⚫ ==Persecution==
{{Main|Political repression of cyber-dissidents}}

⚫ ===Gabon===
In 1998 Dr. Daniel Mengara, a ]ese scholar and activist living ], created a website called ''Bongo Doit Partir'' (Bongo Must Go) to encourage a revolution against the regime of ] in Gabon. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bdpgabon.org/|title=Bongo Doit Partir &#124; Pour la Construction d'un Gabon nouveau}}</ref> In July 2003, ] reported the arrest of five Gabonese known to be members of ''Bongo Doit Partir''. The members were detained for three months.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR26/001/2003/en|title=Document|website=www.amnesty.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR26/004/2003/en|title=Document|website=www.amnesty.org}}</ref>

===China===
In 2003, ] was imprisoned for posting a series of articles online under the pen name "盼民主"("expecting for democracy") criticizing the Chinese government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cecc.gov/publications/commission-analysis/cai-lujun-imprisoned-for-posting-internet-articles-released-at-end|title=Cai Lujun, Imprisoned for Posting Internet Articles, Released at End of Sentence &#124; Congressional-Executive Commission on China|website=www.cecc.gov}}</ref>


===Egypt=== ===Egypt===
Several bloggers in Egypt were arrested for allegedly defaming the president ] and expressing critical views about Islam <ref> , '']'', 20th November 2006. Retrieved on 29th November 2006.</ref> In 2006, several ]gers in Egypt were arrested for allegedly defaming the president ] and expressing critical views about Islam<ref>, '']'', 20 November 2006. Retrieved on 29 November 2006.</ref>


===Russia=== ===Iran===
⚫ In 2005, Mohamad Reza Nasab Abdolahi was imprisoned for publishing an open letter to ]; Mohamad's pregnant wife and other bloggers who commented on Mohamad's treatment were also imprisoned.<ref>Connor, A. (2005), , '']'', 20 June 2005. Retrieved on 29 November 2006.</ref>
When Russian president ] called on his nation's women to have more children, journalist Vladimir Rakhmankov published a satiric article on the Internet calling Putin "''the nation's ]''". Rakhmankov was found guilty and fined by the court. <ref></ref> <ref> </ref> <ref> </ref>


===Palestine===
Russian state security service ], the main successor to the ], has allegedly created special teams of people who appear on various blogs to ] and ] ] and thus effectively prevent free discussion of undesirable subjects <ref> </ref> Such tactics are known as "]" in Russia.
In October 2019, a ] court blocked access to 59 websites that were identified as critical of the Palestinian Authority. According to the ruling, these websites published material that "threaten national security and civil peace".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.readingeagle.com/ap/article/palestinian-court-blocks-59-websites-critical-of-government|title=Palestinian court blocks 59 websites critical of government|accessdate=22 October 2019|website=Reading Eagle|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022141051/https://www.readingeagle.com/ap/article/palestinian-court-blocks-59-websites-critical-of-government|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==References== ===Russia===
When Russian president ] in 2006 called on his nation's women to have more children, journalist Vladimir Rakhmankov published a satiric article on the Internet calling Putin "''the nation's ]''". Rakhmankov was found guilty of offending Vladimir Putin, and fined by the court of the region he lived in to the sum equal of US$680. The overall story served as a good adversiting for Rakhmanov's article, that was republished by numerous Russian sources afterwards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gdf.ru/digest/digest/digest298e.shtml#part|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927211509/http://www.gdf.ru/digest/digest/digest298e.shtml#part|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 September 2007|title=GLASNOST DEFENSE FOUNDATION'S DIGEST No. 298|date=27 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1068868.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111065759/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/6/DF7B2E15-2F9F-4A8B-AAF0-A7622F0D33F7.html|url-status=dead|title='Phallic' Case Threatens Internet Freedom|archivedate=11 January 2008|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1071549.html|title=U.S. Media Watchdog Criticizes Russia|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=8 April 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/|title=The New York Times - Breaking News, US News, World News and Videos|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
{{reflist}}

Three Russian bloggers has supposed in 2003, that Russian state security service ], the main successor to the ], created special teams of people who appear on various blogs to ] and ] ]gers and thus effectively prevent free discussion of undesirable subjects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vestnik.com/issues/2003/0430/win/polyanskaya_krivov_lomko.htm|title=Анна ПОЛЯНСКАЯ, Андрей КРИВОВ, Иван ЛОМКО: ВИРТУАЛЬНОЕ ОКО СТАРШЕГО БРАТА |website=www.vestnik.com|access-date=27 February 2007|archive-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219182655/http://www.vestnik.com/issues/2003/0430/win/polyanskaya_krivov_lomko.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> They referred to such tactics are known as "]". A Russian critic of this theory has noted, in 2003, that security services have more important tasks than flooding in forums.<ref name="Usup">{{Cite web|url=http://old.russ.ru/politics/20030426-yusup-pr.html|title=www.russ.ru Александр Юсуповский. Теория заговора|website=old.russ.ru}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
⚫ {{Portal|Freedom of speech|Internet}}
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==References==
⚫ *]/]
{{Reflist}}
*]

==Further reading==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.eff.org/bloggers/lg/ |title=Legal Guide for Bloggers |date=25 August 2011 |publisher=]}}
*Wilson, J. G. (2014). Sartre and Cyber-Dissidence: The Groupe en Fusion and the Putative We-Subject. ''Sartre Studies International'', ''20''(1), 17.


==External links== ==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
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{{Citizen journalism}}
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Latest revision as of 09:38, 1 January 2024

Person who voices political dissent on the Internet

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A cyber-dissident is a professional journalist, an activist or citizen journalist who posts news, information, or commentary on the internet that implies criticism of a government or regime.

At least two nonprofit organizations are currently working to raise awareness of the contributions of cyber-dissidents and to defend them against the human rights violations to which some of them are subjected: Global Voices Online and Reporters Without Borders. The latter has released a Handbook For Bloggers and Cyber-Dissidents and maintains a roster of currently imprisoned cyber-dissidents.

In regions where print and broadcast media are tightly controlled, anonymous online postings by cyber-dissidents may be the only source of information about the experiences, feelings, and opinions of ordinary citizens. This advantage may be offset by the difficulty in assessing the good faith and accuracy of reports originating from anonymous sources.

Recently, social-media tools have been widely credited with igniting pervasive social upheavals, some of which have even brought down governments.

Persecution

Main article: Political repression of cyber-dissidents

Gabon

In 1998 Dr. Daniel Mengara, a Gabonese scholar and activist living New Jersey, created a website called Bongo Doit Partir (Bongo Must Go) to encourage a revolution against the regime of Omar Bongo in Gabon. In July 2003, Amnesty International reported the arrest of five Gabonese known to be members of Bongo Doit Partir. The members were detained for three months.

China

In 2003, Cai Lujun was imprisoned for posting a series of articles online under the pen name "盼民主"("expecting for democracy") criticizing the Chinese government.

Egypt

In 2006, several bloggers in Egypt were arrested for allegedly defaming the president Hosni Mubarak and expressing critical views about Islam

Iran

In 2005, Mohamad Reza Nasab Abdolahi was imprisoned for publishing an open letter to Ayatollah Ali Khamenei; Mohamad's pregnant wife and other bloggers who commented on Mohamad's treatment were also imprisoned.

Palestine

In October 2019, a Palestinian court blocked access to 59 websites that were identified as critical of the Palestinian Authority. According to the ruling, these websites published material that "threaten national security and civil peace".

Russia

When Russian president Vladimir Putin in 2006 called on his nation's women to have more children, journalist Vladimir Rakhmankov published a satiric article on the Internet calling Putin "the nation's phallic symbol". Rakhmankov was found guilty of offending Vladimir Putin, and fined by the court of the region he lived in to the sum equal of US$680. The overall story served as a good adversiting for Rakhmanov's article, that was republished by numerous Russian sources afterwards.

Three Russian bloggers has supposed in 2003, that Russian state security service FSB, the main successor to the KGB, created special teams of people who appear on various blogs to harass and intimidate political bloggers and thus effectively prevent free discussion of undesirable subjects. They referred to such tactics are known as "active measures". A Russian critic of this theory has noted, in 2003, that security services have more important tasks than flooding in forums.

See also

References

  1. "Reporters sans frontières - Handbook for bloggers and cyber-dissidents". Archived from the original on 1 October 2005.
  2. "Reporters sans frontières - Cyberdissidents imprisoned". Archived from the original on 6 February 2007.
  3. Wilson, John G. (1 January 2014). "Sartre and Cyber-Dissidence: The Groupe en Fusion and the Putative We-Subject". Sartre Studies International. 20 (1). doi:10.3167/ssi.2014.200102.
  4. "Bongo Doit Partir | Pour la Construction d'un Gabon nouveau".
  5. "Document". www.amnesty.org.
  6. "Document". www.amnesty.org.
  7. "Cai Lujun, Imprisoned for Posting Internet Articles, Released at End of Sentence | Congressional-Executive Commission on China". www.cecc.gov.
  8. Egypt arrests another blog critic, BBC News, 20 November 2006. Retrieved on 29 November 2006.
  9. Connor, A. (2005), Not just critics, BBC News, 20 June 2005. Retrieved on 29 November 2006.
  10. "Palestinian court blocks 59 websites critical of government". Reading Eagle. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  11. "GLASNOST DEFENSE FOUNDATION'S DIGEST No. 298". 27 September 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
  12. "'Phallic' Case Threatens Internet Freedom". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Archived from the original on 11 January 2008.
  13. "U.S. Media Watchdog Criticizes Russia". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 8 April 2008.
  14. "The New York Times - Breaking News, US News, World News and Videos". The New York Times.
  15. "Анна ПОЛЯНСКАЯ, Андрей КРИВОВ, Иван ЛОМКО: ВИРТУАЛЬНОЕ ОКО СТАРШЕГО БРАТА [WIN]". www.vestnik.com. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
  16. "www.russ.ru Александр Юсуповский. Теория заговора". old.russ.ru.

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