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| '''Estonian pirates''', AKA '''Estonian vikings'''<ref> ISBN 0415091365 </ref> <ref>ISBN 0812217144 </ref> (]:''Vikinger fra Estland'') <ref name="OTS">{{no icon}}</ref> <ref>ISBN 0766186938</ref>. appear in history and legends. Although the eastern shores of the Baltic sea during the era were often referred to as ''Estland'' in general by the Scandinavians and others. ''Estland'' that also is the modern national name of ] in ] other than English. The Vikings from Estonia originated mainly from (]: ''Curonia'') ] (Modern ]) and (]: ''Osilia'') ] (Modern ]). | |||
| ] in his ''Geography III'' in the middle of the 2nd century CE mentions the ] among other dwellers on the Baltic shore. <ref> ISBN 0415091365</ref> | |||
| The first reliable notice of the ] is from the 9th century by Bishop ], the biographer of St. ]. <ref></ref> Contemporaneous is the mention of the Ests or Estonians under the name of ] by ]. <ref name="PPFP141"> </ref>. By ] the Curonians and Estonians are named as having taken part in the ] on the side of the ]. While the ] and the ] of ] had sided with the ]. It is notable that the ], the ] and ] are not mentioned by Saxo.<ref name="PPFP141"/> | |||
| ] relates in his '']'' that the Swedish king ] (]), the son of ], was a great warrior who had to spend time patrolling the shores of his kingdom fighting Estonian pirates. | |||
| According to ] sagas in the year ] the ] Queen Astrid with her son ] escaped from her homeland to her brother Sigurd, who lived in an honoured position in ] at the court of ]. On their way, ''Estonian vikings'' robbed the ship, ''killing some, taking others into slavery''. Six years later when Sigurd Eirikson traveled to Estonia to collect taxes on behalf of Valdemar, he spotted ] on a market and bought him out from slavery. | |||
| A battle between Estonian and ]ic vikings in ] is described in ] to have occurred in ]. | |||
| About ] AD ], who later became the king of ], landed on ]. The ], taken by surprise, had at first agreed to pay the tax he demanded but then gathered an army at the time of the negotiations and attacked the Norwegians. Olaf nevertheless won the battle. | |||
| Around the year ] a ] ] chief called Fröger was killed in a battle on ]. | |||
| ] Ulf (Uleb) from ] was crushed by Estonians in a sea battle at the proximity of ] in ] according to the ]. | |||
| Since the ], chroniclers' descriptions of Estonian, ] and ]n raids to the coasts of ] and ] have become more frequent. | |||
| The ] describes a fleet of sixteen ships and five hundred ] ravaging the area that is now southern ], then belonging to ]. In the XIV book of ], ] describes a battle on ] that took place in ], where the Danish king ] had to gather his entire fleet in order to curb the incursions of the Couronian and Estonian pirates. | |||
| In ], the Swedish town of ] was attacked by Baltic-Finnic raiders from ], ] or ]. Among the casualties of this raid was the Swedish archbishop ]. It remained occupied for some time. This contributed to the diminishing of its commercial importance in the 13th century, in favor of ], ], ] and ].<ref></ref> | |||
| It is indited in the ] that the Estonians had two kinds of ships – ''piratica'' and ''liburna''. The aforementioned was a battleship, the latter mainly a merchant ship. ''Piratica'' could carry approximately 30 men. It had a high prow shaped like a dragon or a snakehead and a quadrangular sail. | |||
| '''Decline'''<br /> | |||
| With the rise of centralized authority along with a stiffening of coastal defense in the areas the Vikings preyed upon, the Viking raids became more risky and less profitable. Christianity had had growing presence in Scandinavia. With the rise of kings and a quasi-] system in Scandinavia, they ceased entirely – in the 11th century the Scandinavians are frequently chronicled as combating the Vikings from the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea which would eventually lead to German, Danish and Swedish participation in the ] | |||
| The east Baltic world was transformed by military conquest: First the Livs, Letts and Estonians, then the Prussians and the Finns underwent defeat, baptism, military occupation and sometimes extermination by groups of Germans, Danes and Swedes.<ref>The Northern Crusades: Second Edition by Eric Christiansen; p.93; ISBN 0140266534</ref> | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
| <references/> | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| {{estonia-stub}} | |||
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