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{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
Mesta (Bulgarian: ''Места'', Greek: ''Nestos'') is a river in ] and ]. It rises in the Rila Mountains and flows into the Gulf of Tessaloniki in Aegean Sea. The length of the river is 230 km. It forms some gorges in Rila and Pirin. Its longest tributery is the Dospat river.
{{Infobox river
The banks of the river are covered mainly by deciduous trees.
| name = Nestos (Νέστος), Mesta (Места)
| image = Nestos map.jpg
| image_caption =
| source1_location = ], ]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|42|07|10|N|23|35|10|E}}
| mouth_location = ] opposite ], ]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|40|50|51|N|24|48|15|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type1 = Countries
| subdivision_name1 = ] and ]
| length = {{convert|230|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| source1_elevation = {{convert|2,240|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_location= ], Bulgaria
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|29.85|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} <!-- {{convert|1.462|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} at the source of Cherna Mesta -->
| basin_size = {{convert|5184|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
}}

The '''Nestos''' ({{Langx|el|Νέστος}} {{IPA-el|ˈnestos|}}), '''Mesta''' ({{Langx|bg|Места}} {{IPA|bg|ˈmɛstɐ|}}) is a river in ] and ]. It rises in the ] and flows into the ] near the island of ]. It plunges down towering canyons toward the Aegean Sea through mostly metamorphic formations. At the end, the main stream spreads over the coastal plain of ] and expands as a ]ic system with ] lakes and ponds forming the Nestos delta. The length of the ] is {{convert|230|km|abbr=on}}, of which {{convert|126|km|abbr=on}} flow through ]<ref name=Yearbook>, ], p. 17</ref> and the rest in ]. Its drainage area is {{convert|5184|km2|abbr=on}}, of which 66% is in Bulgaria.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ypeka.gr/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=T4DDG1hqQMY%3D&tabid=252&language=el-GR |title=Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215192049/http://www.ypeka.gr/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=T4DDG1hqQMY%3D&tabid=252&language=el-GR|archive-date=15 February 2020|language=el|publisher=Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change|page=90}}</ref> It forms some gorges in ] and ]. The longest gorge between Pirin to the west and the ] to the east is the 25-km long ] in Bulgaria.

The Mesta's longest tributary is the ] (or Despatis). The banks of the river are covered mainly by deciduous trees that extend into halfway between Bulgaria and Greece where it forms the modern boundary of ] and ], as well as the boundary between the ] and the ] regional units, having first crossed the ]. The river later forms a delta to the north where swamplands, wetlands and a lagoon once existed except in the east.

==History==
In the ''Geography'' of Claudius ], the river is referred to as Nestus (Νέστος), and is said to form the boundary between ancient Macedonia and Thrace.<ref name="Ptolemy">Geography of Claudius Ptolemy, Book 3, Chapter 11</ref>

Because of its flow between ]s and inaccessible ] areas, Nestos was not navigable in antiquity and also did not offer a natural terrestrial road along the ]. Concerning the horizontal communication from the East to the West, the river had only two passes, one in the middle and the other in the lower watercourse, which were controlled respectively by the cities of ] and Topeiros. The first pass, near Nicopolis, allowed the communication between the valleys of the rivers ] and ] (Evros), while through the second pass, near Topeiros, passed an ancient road (and later the ] of ]) that served the communication between the East and the West. In Nestos' valley (east bank) north of the south pass, the ] used to live, while ] were living to the south. Finally, Nestos played an important role in the ] and economic history of the inhabitants of the ], where the city of ] and later ], founded by the Emperor ]. This is presumed by the deification of the river and its depiction on ]s of the imperial period.<ref>D. C. Samsaris, Historical Geography of Western Thrace during the Roman Antiquity (in Greek), ] 2005, p. 33-36</ref>

==Honour==
] on ] in the ], ] is named after ] River.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Nestos or Mesta River - Greece-Bulgaria.jpg|Nestos in Greece
File:Momina klisura IMG 0825.jpg|The ] gorge along the Mesta in Bulgaria
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Nestos River}}

{{Authority control}}

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Latest revision as of 16:57, 22 October 2024

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River in Bulgaria and Greece
Nestos (Νέστος), Mesta (Места)
Location
CountriesBulgaria and Greece
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationRila Mountains, Bulgaria
 • coordinates42°07′10″N 23°35′10″E / 42.11944°N 23.58611°E / 42.11944; 23.58611
 • elevation2,240 m (7,350 ft)
Mouth 
 • locationAegean Sea opposite Thasos, Greece
 • coordinates40°50′51″N 24°48′15″E / 40.84750°N 24.80417°E / 40.84750; 24.80417
Length230 km (140 mi)
Basin size5,184 km (2,002 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • locationHadzhidimovo, Bulgaria
 • average29.85 m/s (1,054 cu ft/s)

The Nestos (Greek: Νέστος [ˈnestos]), Mesta (Bulgarian: Места [ˈmɛstɐ]) is a river in Bulgaria and Greece. It rises in the Rila Mountains and flows into the Aegean Sea near the island of Thasos. It plunges down towering canyons toward the Aegean Sea through mostly metamorphic formations. At the end, the main stream spreads over the coastal plain of Chrysoupolis and expands as a deltaic system with freshwater lakes and ponds forming the Nestos delta. The length of the river is 230 km (140 mi), of which 126 km (78 mi) flow through Bulgaria and the rest in Greece. Its drainage area is 5,184 km (2,002 sq mi), of which 66% is in Bulgaria. It forms some gorges in Rila and Pirin. The longest gorge between Pirin to the west and the Rhodope Mountains to the east is the 25-km long Momina Klisura in Bulgaria.

The Mesta's longest tributary is the Dospat (or Despatis). The banks of the river are covered mainly by deciduous trees that extend into halfway between Bulgaria and Greece where it forms the modern boundary of Greek Macedonia and Thrace, as well as the boundary between the Kavala and the Xanthi regional units, having first crossed the Drama regional unit. The river later forms a delta to the north where swamplands, wetlands and a lagoon once existed except in the east.

History

In the Geography of Claudius Ptolemy, the river is referred to as Nestus (Νέστος), and is said to form the boundary between ancient Macedonia and Thrace.

Because of its flow between canyons and inaccessible mountain areas, Nestos was not navigable in antiquity and also did not offer a natural terrestrial road along the riverbed. Concerning the horizontal communication from the East to the West, the river had only two passes, one in the middle and the other in the lower watercourse, which were controlled respectively by the cities of Nicopolis and Topeiros. The first pass, near Nicopolis, allowed the communication between the valleys of the rivers Strymon and Hebros (Evros), while through the second pass, near Topeiros, passed an ancient road (and later the Roman road of Via Egnatia) that served the communication between the East and the West. In Nestos' valley (east bank) north of the south pass, the Dii used to live, while Satrae were living to the south. Finally, Nestos played an important role in the urban and economic history of the inhabitants of the estuary, where the city of Abdera and later Topeiros, founded by the Emperor Trajan. This is presumed by the deification of the river and its depiction on coins of the imperial period.

Honour

Mesta Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Mesta River.

Gallery

  • Nestos in Greece Nestos in Greece
  • The Momina Klisura gorge along the Mesta in Bulgaria The Momina Klisura gorge along the Mesta in Bulgaria

References

  1. Statistical Yearbook 2017, National Statistical Institute (Bulgaria), p. 17
  2. "Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment" (in Greek). Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change. p. 90. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020.
  3. Geography of Claudius Ptolemy, Book 3, Chapter 11
  4. D. C. Samsaris, Historical Geography of Western Thrace during the Roman Antiquity (in Greek), Thessaloniki 2005, p. 33-36
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