Talk:William Shakespeare: Difference between revisions

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	== note "d" ==

	What happened to it? It doesn't link anywhere. ] 00:40, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

	:Good spot. That's why I hate these infernal alphabetical notes: they don't naturally readjust like cite.php. The note strikes me as superfluous: the issue of the relationship between these two plays is addressed in book after book, but nothing is known for certain. Readjusting all these notes is a fag, though.] 12:27, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

	::I inserted it where it seemed to belong. Feel free to move / delete if you feel it is not appropriate. --] 13:09, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

	== Apocryphal Stories ==

	Why is it that the apocryphal stories told to fill in Shakespeare's "lost years" from 1585 - 1592, which are claimed to be "hearsay," are still to be found in every Shakespeare biography? Isn't it time we let these apocryphal stories die a natural death and stop talking about them ad infinitum? If you keep repeating them over and over, they begin to be perceived as being real. ] 06:36, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

	:I agree, really; and I've made that point in the past. But I fear we are obliged to note these rumours, since some of the hearsay dates to a time not entirely remote from Shakspeare's: for example, Aubrey is one source, and Rowe, the first hearsay collector, writing in 1709, is another. We are stuck with this stuff, unfortunately; but at least we tell the reader that it remains rumour.] 12:17, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

	==Confusing sentences==

	This sentence strikes me as confusing every time I read it:

	:''Anne's pregnancy could have been the reason for any hurry.''

	I assume "any hurry" refers to "some haste" in a previous sentence, but why is it put so awkwardly? ] 13:01, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

	::I can't see anything wrong with it. Why is it awkward? It glosses as: "if there was a hurry—and we have no prove that there was—perhaps the reason could have been that because she was pregnant, they didn't want to have an illegitimate child".

	::Having said that, the proof is in the eating. And if it bothers you, see what you can do.] 13:39, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

	:::"could have been the reason for any hurry" is what I find awkward. If other readers are fine by this, I'll leave it. ] 14:27, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

	I am also confused by this sentence:

	:''In March 1613, he bought a gatehouse in the Blackfriars priory; and from November 1614, he was in London for several weeks with his son-in-law, John Hall.''

	Why are these disconnected clauses in the same sentence? Why are these lumped together but other clauses set off by periods?

	::They are not disconnected. They are both examples of his maintained interest in London at a time when he is usually considered to have abandoned the capital for Stratford. And one presumes that he stayed at his gatehouse with John Hall.] 13:36, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

	:::I see. My mistake, then. ] 14:27, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

	::::It's not your mistake; it's your take. If it doesn't work for you, then you must find a way of changing it. Just because I think they are connected doesn't mean they actually seem connected.] 18:10, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

	== Removed new section ==

	This section appeared today/yesterday:

	:Reception in Modern Culture

	:While the works of Shakespeare enjoy much popularity among theater groups and readers of classic literature, reception in modern culture often ranges from mixed to negative. A large majority of people find Shakespeare to be difficult to understand and follow, as it often requires several passes over a line before one can grasp its meaning, and many can often find none at all without scholarly insight. Even in the days of old, the works of Shakespeare were incredibly difficult to understand when experienced for the first time, as the language is full of meaningful adjectives and very thought-out, elaborate points that are expressed in extremely rapid-sequence, often requiring considerable time to think about and understand. This difficulty lends many today to not bother trying to enjoy the works of Shakespeare, as they find it too difficult to understand without extensive study and meditation on the words. Thus, it can be said that Shakespeare is a dying trend in modern culture, that, while still immensely popular in theater and classic literature, usually only reaches mainstream audiences in the form of quotations from famous works (such as 'Romeo and Juliet' and 'Hamlet') when presented for comedy and amusement, rather than their original purpose.

	While the author has clearly made some efforts to describe Shakespeare's place in contemporary culture, it seems obvious to me that this is all opinion. As far as I am aware, Shakespeare remains the most-performed playwright in the world (an unsubstantiated claim from me, now, I know). I'd be happy to see some of this material return (well, not ''happy,'' exactly) if the author would cite some research that indicates the scope and prevalence of the attitudes and opinions that he details.

	] 14:19, 16 August 2007 (UTC)
	:The original editor has reinstated the material. As a compromise I have added a<nowiki> {{refimprovesect}}</nowiki> tag, pending citations. As the tag states, the material may still be removed. According to ], the best person to provide the citations would be the original contributor. --] 14:48, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

	I wait with baited breath for this research to appear. This material is very far from 'obviously' correct. That there are 'mixed' to 'negative' responses I don't dispute, but to claim that these represent a statistically-relevant proportion of the total population of theatre-goers (who form the only meaningful constituency in this case) is completely unjustified. To my knowledge, and it will take a little research to prove it, Shakespeare remains the most performed playwright on the planet. To say that under these conditions most audiences have "mixed or negative" responses defies belief. Professional theatrical production does not, as a matter of course, put on plays that provoke these kind of responses, and continue to do so year after year! By 'mainstream audiences' I'm assuming the author refers to theatre audiences, since we are discussing a playwright; it would be meaningless to cite any other set of the population (the non-theatre-going, for example), just as it would be to say that Picasso's paintings are obscure and unknown because only people who go to art galleries see them. In which case, the author would need to explain why Shakespeare's plays remain the most-produced in the world. Masochistic self-flagellation on the part of global audiences? To say that the lines take several readings before they are understood is nonsensical. We are discussing plays written by a playwright, designed to be heard in a theatre, not literature to be studied--though significant, the latter is far from being the most ''relevant'' context. And as for the phrase "even in the days of old", it's clumsy, to say the least. To which 'days of olde' does the sentence refer? Far from being considered overly erudite or obscure, the Restoration and later Augustan periods considered his work coarse and barbarous! They often cleaned-up his language because was too low-brow. The Romantics admired his work for its connection to a folk- or popular- theatre constituency. I don't doubt that your average American high-school student stumbles over the language when studied as literature in the classroom, but the relevant context has to be when the words are expressed by a professional actor in a embodied situation, where the rich semiotic density provided by stress, rhythm, articulation, verbal and emotional shaping and gestural, situational, interpersonal, etc. etc. factors combine to produce a perfectly 'legible' communication. It is Shakespeare's ability to communicate this powerfully that brings audiences flocking to his plays to this day. ] 15:25, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

	*Agree with Dionysos completely. This added paragraph makes little sense. "Mainstream audiences"? Does that mean tv and radio? "Original purpose?" - the author doesn't mean theatre, which is alive and well and producing more WS than any other playwright (American Theatre Magazine often make this point), as Dionysos also points out. In the hands of the right directors and actors, WS blows away even those hard to please high schoolers. Good cut.] 16:31, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

	*This is a featured article. I will kill on sight any unsourced new sections or commentary added to it, and frankly even fully sourced and credible material is going to have to fight for inclusion. If any editor feels that this material should appear on Misplaced Pages, I suggest taking it to ], and we can hammer it out there. ] 16:32, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

	**Good ''Richard II'' reference. I will also cut such material whenever it appears. ] 16:36, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

	***I'm pretty sure you'd have a consensus on that, Andy. Although I would add that if it has any merit at all it may be good to copy it here when we remove it, so that the editor has a chance to add it back if he can add refs. ] 19:51, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

	::::We shouldn't allow the article to ossify, of course. But we're all probably knee-deep in offcuts and books, so there is no shortage of referenceable material that qualifies for the article, to say the least. The threshold for inclusion must now be quality first. And then proportion, article size, etc. I'm optimistic, though, that the usual Misplaced Pages degeneration can be staved off, because so many of us are watching and care. Even so, I think we should hold an annual review of the article as a group. (By the way, has anybody applied for front page? I don't think it just happens on its own.)] 00:19, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

	I agree we should delete without mercy new additions that fail to meet the present established criteria, and I plan to review the article every month or so to catch any entropic drift. In addition, I'm not satisfied with some other parts of the article, and in a month or so I'll probably do a bit more rewriting. ] 15:22, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

	::B/c this is now a featured article and has been through a lengthy consensus and standards period, we are totally justified in requesting that any new additions both be well researched, meet the current standards of the article, and achieve consensus before they are added to the article. And in the case of this new section, it doesn't belong here. BTW, massive congrats to everyone who worked so hard to bring this article to FA status. Best, --] 01:16, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

	== Suggested edit ==

	I hesitate to directly edit an article with so many active editors, and especially one that has just passed FA. But I noticed that the third sentence in Critical Reputation begins with "And": "And the authors of the Parnassus plays . . . ." I don't strongly object to starting a sentence with a conjunction myself, but I know it irritates some readers and I tend to edit it out. Could this be joined to the previous sentence, perhaps with a semicolon? ] ] 12:45, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
	:No, leave it. We both know the rule about not starting a sentence with "and" is silly; we might as well scan the text for split infinitives and sentences ending in a preposition. If some readers wish to change "and", so be it. It is not for us to remove every word that displeases hypothetical readers of bad taste. ] 13:31, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
	::Mike, if it annoys someone, let them address it. "And" is OK at the beginning of sentences on occasion: all the best writers do it. One of the problems with this sort of section is that, really, it is a disguised list. Sometimes it is hard to find connections between sentences that would justify a semicolon; and the "and" helps the flow, I think. But I wouldn't go to war about it either way. (And "buts" are OK at the beginning of sentences too!)] 20:30, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
	:::No worries; I am not a ] by any means, and think conjunctions are fine at the start of a sentence (and split infinitives and prepositions at the end of sentences don't bother me either). I was just worrying too much about writing inoffensive language. Glad to see other people have the good sense to value clarity over prescriptive usage. ] ] 20:39, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
	::::Avoiding conjunctions at the beginning of a sentence was never a serious prescriptive usage. It was just a rule of thumb that people misinterpreted. ] 16:00, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

	==Spaces between grafs==

	I put two spaces between the paragraphs in the lead because I received a complaint that they were hard to distinguish. What does everyone think about doing this throughout the entire article?] 03:00, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

	:On my computer that makes things look extremely odd. I wonder if your complaint had more to do with the person's computer settings than the article itself. I would be strongly opposed to such a change, myself. ] 03:04, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

	On my computer the spaces between the grafs are barely more than the spaces between the lines. Anybody else have a similar or different view?] 03:15, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

	::I agree with Wrad--the double spaces look weird. They also don't follow Misplaced Pages guidelines. If someone has a problem with hard-to-distinguish paragraph breaks, that's an issue to address at the macro programming level (i.e., by changing the overall WP formating standards), not in an individual article. Best,--] 03:48, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

	:::OK with me. I was going to change it back, but I see it's already been done. ] 03:52, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

	==Request==

	:''Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon.''

	This has always struck me as clunky. Can we expand it? ] 16:20, 19 August 2007 (UTC)
	:What strikes you as clunky? It seems elegant and straight to the point to me. Not a word out of place nor anything missing.] 17:48, 19 August 2007 (UTC)
	::British English would have "brought up" for "raised", but it's a minor point. The ] has "now rare" for this sense, with the last citation dated 1869. --] 20:47, 19 August 2007 (UTC)
	:::At least we didn't have him "reared."] 23:22, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

	== A couple of copy-editing things (well, three, actually) ==

	* British English (see above) - I'd prefer "brought up". And I've added another "l" to "traveled"
	* ''It appears he retired to Stratford around 1613'' - I'd vote for a "that" after "appears" (less colloquial)
	* In the speculation part of the lead, ''works attributed to him were actually written by others'' - is "others" correct? Surely no-one argues that they were written by more than one person? I'd suggest "actually written by someone else".
	--] 21:47, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
	*Several people have argued they were written by more than one person. The anti-Strats call it the Group Theory. (And the idea of group authorship isn't just held among the authorship doubters: think of ''Thomas More'' or ''Henry VI Part 1''.) I'm not disagreeing with your suggestions in principle, though. ] 22:30, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
	**Andy is correct - and there are several group theories, or theories that suggest that many of the plays were revised by others (after the principal author died) prior to publication. FYI - the section used to say "another writer" but was changed to "others" during the FA process. The idea has merit, though. It would probably be most accurate to say "another writer or a group of writers". That would be my suggestion. ]
	:::"Others" covers both scenarios, so IMO it is the best word choice. I'd also like to see another wording instead of "It appears he retired to Stratford." Not only is it clunky ("It . . ."), but later in the article we present the idea only as a possibility that is contradicted by other facts.] 02:02, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

	== error in style section ==
	"Was the hope drunk ''wherein'' you dressed yourself," please. ] 10:22, 22 August 2007 (UTC)
	:Good eye. Thanks. ] 10:58, 22 August 2007 (UTC)
	::No problem. I'm thinking as well that there should be a question mark at the end. ] 21:12, 22 August 2007 (UTC)
	:::I think that "pity, like a naked new-born babe" is identified correctly as a simile in the text accompanying ''Pity'', but incorrectly as a darting between metaphors in the Style section. ] 18:04, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
	::::I've changed it slightly to take what you say into account: For the record, the source (''Shakespeare's Late Style'', by Russ McDonald) says:
	::::''Readers will easily recall speeches, lines, metaphors, and turns of phrase in which evocative or distilled language conveys its meaning in apparent defiance of logical or literal sense. An obvious case in which intuitive understanding precedes grammatical cognition is the passage beginning “pity, like a naked new-born babe…” (1.7.21–25), of which Dr. Johnson said “the meaning is not very clear” and over which Cleanth Brooks labored so valiantly. Another is Lady Macbeth’s “Was the hope drunk wherein you dressed yourself?” (1.7.35–38), with its succession of apparently illogical images. This darting from one metaphor to another apparently unrelated image, which has frequently puzzled editors and critics, is a practice that Shakespeare will pursue uncompromisingly throughout the last phase, forcing the listener’s mind to accelerate at a dizzying rate. Frank Kermode’s remark that in "The Tempest" metaphor gleams momentarily, and is rarely extensive enough to be catalogued and analysed, is pertinent to the late style generally; and "Macbeth", notwithstanding its famous vegetative and sartorial clusters, exhibits the roots of this gestural, condensed use of figurative language.'' ] 21:57, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
	:::::In this extract both quotes are cited as instances of intuitive understanding preceding grammatical cognition, but only the latter is cited as a darting between metaphors; there can be no darting between tropes of any sort in the first quote as only one is present. ] 15:59, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

	::::::I've altered the sentence to include more of the "pity" quotation.] 20:25, 26 August 2007 (UTC)
	:::::::Ah, I missed that the whole of the "pity" passage was being cited by Russ McDonald. Thanks for the amendments. ] 20:58, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

	== Congrats ==

	Congrats to everyone who worked on this article to finally achieve featured status. It is one of the most important humanities articles in any encyclopedia and also one of the most difficult. -- ] 05:35, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

	==Speculation sentence again==

	I was annoyed to see the speculation sentence return to its old form:
	:''Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive, and considerable speculation has been poured into this void, including questions concerning his sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were actually written by others.''
	"considerable speculation... including questions ..." is a shoddy construction. Please find another way of putting that sentence. ] 09:01, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
	::Could you identify the points of shoddy construction?] 21:07, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
	Stephen, there was nothing wrong with the placement of that comma. When the second independent clause in a sentence begins with a coordinating conjunction, a comma is placed before that coordinating conjunction. (I find it amusing that we're squabbling over punctuation. A big change from the weeks leading up to FA, huh?)] 05:31, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
	:Yeah. Now that we've got to the point of arguing about whether the article says he was "raised" or "brought up", I think our work here is done. ] 13:03, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
	:::Well, looking back over the vandalism and a few well-intended but incorrect changes that have been done since FA status, I doubt our work will ever be truly done. It's like scraping barnacles. I'm dropping by once a day or so to monitor the page, and I see others are also, so hopefully we can keep the article tight and correct.] 15:57, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
	::Perhaps those of you with strong copyediting skills would find yourself more needed in the '']'' article, which was recently promoted to GA. It may be possible to get it to FA with some good copyediting and a little more expansion. ] 15:53, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

	== Play title missing "The" ==

	Under Comedies in the Listings section, the title "Taming of the Shrew" should be "The Taming of the Shrew"
	] 12:08, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

	:Well spotted. Fixed. ] 12:46, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

	==Surviving Descendants==

	I was just wondering, does Shakespeare have any relatives alive today? <small>—Preceding ] comment added by ] (]) 18:13, 2 September 2007 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

	:Not directly. As it says in the article, none of his grandchildren had children. His brothers don't seem to have had surviving children, either. His sister Joan married and produced a line which is known to have been productive, though whether that counts I don't know.] 18:58, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

	==Was Shakespeare Italian?==
	Was Shakespeare Italian? Over the centuries scholars have been puzzled by Shakespeare's profound knowledge of Italian. Shakespeare had an impressive familiarity with stories by Italian authors such as Giovanni Boccaccio, Matteo Bandello, and Masuccio Salernitano. In an attempt to solve the mystery of Shakespeare's Italian aptitude, one former teacher of literature has unleashed a new hypothesis on a world eager to hear anything fresh about the Bard.

	Retired Sicilian professor Martino Iuvara claims that Shakespeare was, in fact, not English at all, but Italian. His conclusion is drawn from research carried out from 1925 to 1950 by two professors at Palermo University. Iuvara posits that Shakespeare was born not in Stratford in April 1564, as is commonly believed, but actually was born in Messina as Michelangelo Florio Crollalanza. His parents were not John Shakespeare and Mary Arden, but were Giovanni Florio, a doctor, and Guglielma Crollalanza, a Sicilian noblewoman. The family supposedly fled Italy during the Holy Inquisition and moved to London. It was in London that Michelangelo Florio Crollalanza decided to change his name to its English equivalent. Crollalanza apparently translates literally as 'Shakespeare'. Iuvara goes on to claim that Shakespeare studied abroad and was educated by Franciscan monks who taught him Latin, Greek, and history. He also claims that while Shakespeare (or young Crollalanza) was traveling through Europe he fell in love with a 16-year-old girl named Giulietta. But sadly, family members opposed the union, and Giulietta committed suicide.

	Iuvara's evidence includes a play written by Michelangelo Florio Crollalanza in Sicilian dialect. The play's name is "Tanto traffico per Niente", which can be translated into "Much traffic for Nothing" or "Much Ado About Nothing". He also mentions a book of sayings credited to Michelangelo Florio Crollalanza. Some of the sayings correspond to lines in Hamlet. And, Michelangelo's father, Giovanni Florio, once owned a home called "Casa Otello", built by a retired Venetian known as Otello who, in a jealous rage, murdered his wife.

	Granted, the above similarities between Michelangelo Florio Crollalanza and Shakespeare are intriguing, but for now I remain unconvinced. That Shakespeare was Italian sounds as credible as the idea that Queen Elizabeth I wrote Shakespeare's works in the few spare moments when she was not busy tending to the realm. And I am not alone in my cynicism. While some Shakespearean scholars, most of whom are Italian themselves, are quick to support the hypothesis, the majority are skeptical, to say the least. Although the following excerpt from a biography of Shakespeare by Sir Sidney Lee is not a direct response to Iuvara's claims, it does illuminate briefly the other side of the argument:

	It is, in fact, unlikely that Shakespeare ever set foot on the Continent of Europe in either a private or a professional capacity. He repeatedly ridicules the craze for foreign travel. To Italy, it is true, and especially to cities of Northern Italy, like Venice, Padua, Verona, Mantua, and Milan, he makes frequent and familiar reference, and he supplied many a realistic portrayal of Italian life and sentiment. But his Italian scenes lack the intimate detail which would attest a first-hand experience of the country. The presence of barges on the waterways of northern Italy was common enough partially to justify the voyage of Valentine by 'ship' from Verona to Milan ('Two Gent.' I.i.71). But Prospero's embarkation in 'The Tempest' on an ocean ship at the gates of Milan (I.ii.129-144) renders it difficult to assume that the dramatist gathered his Italian knowledge from personal observation. He doubtless owed all to the verbal reports of traveled friends or to books, the contents of which he had a rare power of assimilating and vitalizing (Lee 86).It was not unusual for an Elizabethan dramatist to set his or her play in Italy. Are we, knowing this, compelled to assume that Marlowe, Bacon, and Jonson were Italian? Admittedly, we do not have much information about Shakespeare's education, but why so blatantly disregard the sound reasoning behind Occam's razor? Why is it easier for Iuvara to assume that Shakespeare was an Italian refugee than it is to assume that he mastered Italian on his own? Lesser men than the Bard have learned a second language. Jonson's verses in the Folio identify Shakespeare as the 'Sweet Swan of Avon', and his birth record and other important documents attest to the fact that Shakespeare was a resident of England his whole life. Yet some choose to ignore these pieces of evidence in favor of more esoteric theories. One thing is certain - Iuvara's claim that Shakespeare was Italian will unite Shakespeare supporters and anti-Stratfordians from the camps of Bacon, Essex, Marlowe, Derby, Rutland, Oxford, and Queen Elizabeth in a mutual uproar. francesco da cosenza

	:Really, Francesco, this is where ] comes in. It's simply not necessary to go to such lengths to fill in historical gaps. A much better and simpler explanation for "Shakespeare"'s knowledge of Italian affairs can be found in ]'s book ''"Shakespeare" By Another Name'', which, for me at least, puts to rest any lingering doubts I may have had that the real author of these works was the Earl of Oxford. He travelled there and lived there, that's where these Italian references come from. It's well worth a read, even if you don't subscribe to the Oxfordian theory. It will certainly make you think twice. -- ] 12:58, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

	::I agree with the comment about Occam's Razo. While these speculations make for interesting mind games, they don't belong in this article. The ] is where stuff like this goes.--] 12:59, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

	:In people's fantasies, Shakespeare is everything: a noble, a woman, an alien, an Italian. Although from time to time these flights of imagination appear in newspapers, no serious scholars give them credence, and the books written about them gather dust. ] 14:07, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

	::Why do the insults always start flying from the "Main" side of the "stream"? It has been repeatedly shown (and accepted) that some "serious scholars" do give credence to the authorship issue. Why ] do you continue with this falsehood (and these attacks)?] 18:30, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

	:::RR wasn't talking about authorship. I fail to see an insult in his post. Do you take seriously the idea that Shakespeare was a woman, an Italian, a sailor, a doctor, a soldier or any of the others that have been made in the books that suggest exactly those (and those books are gathering dust, believe me)? No serious scholar does. ] 19:17, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

	::::Well, serious scholars ''should''. This is not the place to have a debate about Shakespearean authorship, but anyone who looks at the actual evidence for Will from Stratford - the evidence, that is, stripped of the centuries of accreted hearsay - can only conclude it couldn't possibly have been him who wrote the plays and sonnets, and so we must look elsewhere. Seems like a very rational approach to me. -- ] 21:48, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

	:::::Lets start with the facts that he mentions members of the King's Men in his will and holds a quill in his memorial effigy in Stratford. Then let us work back through each of the other pieces of evidence. Only after each one has been proved to be false say that "anyone who looks at the actual evidence...can only conclude that it couldn't possibly have been him who wrote the plays". Speak for yourself, please.] 22:21, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

	Was Shakespeare Klingon? The idea that a serious scholar ''should'' take these questions seriously is absurd. Truly, what tangible difference does it make if the plays were brought down on stone tablets from Mount Sinai or generated by a infinite roomful of monkeys with type-writers? It strikes me as something to feed the tourists in Stratford or taking a walk round the Globe, and not much more. I'm certainly not arguing against the inclusion of this material in an encyclopedia... as a cultural and psychological phenomenon, its very interesting, but it makes bugger all difference to what we do with the plays in performance or how they are studied in the academy. It assumes a anachronistically Romantic understanding of the way we engage with drama, which forms no part of the vast majority of scholarly investigations into the plays and their contexts practiced today. Besides which, the assumptions that appear to flow beneath so many of these flights strikes me as profoundly reactionary... 'how could a dumb commoner like that come up with exquisite poetry like this?' and the like. The authorship question article is there for this kind of thing, and my best wishes to all who wish to develop that, but a sense of perspective, please! ] 23:33, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

	:As I said, I'm not going to turn this into a debate on who wrote Shakespeare. But the question of his identity should of course be taken seriously by scholars, given the paucity of evidence that he could even write - at all. And it's a lot more complex than "how could a dumb commoner like that come up with exquisite poetry like this?". What's the point of publishing biography after biography of the supposed author, when they're full of material that either simply doesn't stand up to scrutiny, or is just supposition, hearsay, surmise etc. The starting point for all of these biogs is that the Stratford guy is who we've all been told he was; they then take what little evidence there is, and fill it in with what "must have been the case" or various unproven assertions that have come down to us. Whether the subject is Shakespeare or how and why Stonehenge was built, if the "truth" is never questioned, of course the conclusions will follow, and they will appear to confirm the "truth". Anything and everything should be questioned, if only to confirm the truth, but for some reason Shakespeare seems to be sacrosanct from such review. I agree that these supreme works stand on their own merits, and to a degree it doesn't matter who actually wrote them. (The same is true for Dickens, Beethoven and Michelangelo, or anyone you care to name.) But that's no argument for disallowing serious and legitimate research about the identity of their author. Some proposed alternative identities (such as the one above) have proven, or will be proven, not to hold water. But not all. -- ] 00:44, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

	::Nobody is disallowing any "serious and legitimate research about the identity of their author." We're just disallowing it in this particular encyclopedia article. You can do it at the authorship entry all you want. And my own opinions are that none of the candidates will ever supplant Shakespeare and that the authorship argument will never go away. ] 01:26, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

	The point, as I understand it, of publishing biography after biography is to ''sell books''. My point is that the debate is irrelevant to the two main cultural areas that use the plays--the theatre and the university. In neither of these sites is the question important in any way. ] 01:59, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

	==Question on spelling==

	From what I understand, an article on a British subject uses British spelling. However, according to the OED, the preferred spelling is often the "z" spelling, such as "authorize" instead of "authorise." Can anybody enlighten me on this? ] 17:31, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

	:Murky waters. According to Fowler (Modern English Usage) the distinction stems from whether or not the verb was originally Greek in origin; he agrees with the OED that "ize" is more correct for these, but he points out that among English printers "ise" is by far the most common, regardless of origin. He also makes the point that universal use of "ise" avoids having to remember those verbs which absolutely '''must''' be spelt "ise": eg advertise, exercise, revise etc, although as you would expect of a classical scholar he disapproves of a practice which he sees as English editors and printers taking the easy way out. --] 17:50, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

	== Recent resurfacing of Legitimacy of Authorship ==

	Ok i know there has been a large debate on this issue in the past, but if the BBC (http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6988670.stm and http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6985917.stm) sees fit to run a story recently, that a number of people question this should it not be at least acknowledged that this is the case within the article?

	Personally i believe he did write the works but, if doubt is documented, however old, should wikipedia not state this as it has not been ''proven'' either way and may never be?

	I only raise this as these articles have been given prominence on the BBC website recently and a large number of English speaking persons use it as a news/media source.

	Please remove/comment on this as necessary.

	] 00:31, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

	:It actually is mentioned int the article that there are theories. The article doesn't go so far as to say it is proven, and gives reason for the doubt (not much info on him), so I think we're fine. Also, BBC articles aren't really that earth-shaking in the Shakespeare world. Scholarly journals and books are what does that. ] 01:03, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

	::''The New York Times'' has run similar articles, as have magazines such as ''Harper's'' and ''Atlantic''. Periodicals run stories about things that are of interest of their readers, but that doesn't mean that whatever they publish is accepted by literary historians or other experts. And as Wrad said, the article does mention it and links to relevant articles. Until somebody comes up with something more than unsupported contention, the default history is the one that has been accepted for the past 400+ years. ] 02:25, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

	:::That's not quite true. A person's actual life, and the published history of that life, are two very different things. The first biography of Shakespeare was written by Nicholas Rowe, as late as 1709. That's when the history starts. It certainly strikes me as odd that such a famous playwright didn't attract any attention at all from biographers until 93 years after his death. The key is that there was very little source material available about the guy from Stratford, and not much more has surfaced since. And why would there be? After all, he never wrote anything, or did anything else of note, of which there is any decent evidence. I understand why the default history of "Shakespeare the playwright" is what we have had up till now. I hope that some day it will be generally accepted that it was always a fabrication. -- ] 02:58, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

			== Move to "Shakespeare" ==
	:::::Do you know of any other playwrights or writers who had their biographies written before the 18th century? Since Boswell practically invented the biographical genre in 1791, I don't know why it would be odd that Shakespeare wasn't written about until Rowe. And you're quite wrong about the source material; much has been discovered since Rowe, so much that there is no doubt that Shakespeare wrote the works attributed to him except in the minds of those who know little of early modern times or of any other authors. ] 13:13, 12 September 2007 (UTC)
			{{Archive top\|result='''Consensus against the proposed move''' – It doesn't seem like a formal ] was actually begun here, but in any case there is clearly a consensus against the proposed change. ] – '''<span style="font-family:Lucida;">]]</span>''' 22:06, 10 September 2024 (UTC)}}
			Shakespeare is a name associated with William, arguably the best to ever do it in multiple realms. Several writers of the same era, and previous ones, with a less known body of work, only have 1 name on their articles. The redirect is already his, no (disambiguation). I understand both reasons against and in support, just want to test the waters to see where we stand on this. It seems a reasonable move:
			----

			:'''Support''' move to '''Shakespeare''', the article subject is consistently refered to as such-and was during his time.
	::::True, little is known about him. We mention that in the article, and acknowledge that there is an authorship question. It seems to have all been covered here. I guess the problem is that wikipedia reports the scholarly consensus, it doesn't change it. Who knows? Maybe it will change, but it won't be through wikipedia. That's for sure. ] 03:08, 12 September 2007 (UTC)
			] (]) 12:40, 3 August 2024 (UTC)
			: '''Oppose''' - Assuming I’ve correctly understood the proposal as; rename the “William Shakespeare” article as “Shakespeare”. His name was William Shakespeare, and if you’re thinking about ease for readers, “Shakespeare” already redirects here, as you say. You suggest there are other authors whose pages follow the proposed approach. Could you give a couple of examples? That might help me better understand your thinking. ] (]) 16:23, 3 August 2024 (UTC)
			::]? ]? ] (]) 16:57, 3 August 2024 (UTC)
			:::Yes, some Ancient Greeks came to mind. But the proposer suggests there are writers broadly contemporary to Shakespeare where this approach is followed. ] (]) 17:19, 3 August 2024 (UTC)
			:'''Oppose'''. Per ]: ''"Using the last name as the page title for a person, when the first name is also known and used, is discouraged, even if that name would be unambiguous, and even if it consists of more than one word. Unambiguous last names are usually redirects: for example, Ludwig van Beethoven is the title of an article, while Van Beethoven and Beethoven redirect to that article."'' ] (]) 17:02, 3 August 2024 (UTC)
			:'''Oppose'''. The proposition is frankly silly, and scales very badly. ] (]) 21:04, 3 August 2024 (UTC)
			:'''Oppose''' Potential confusion with the politician ], and the actor ]. ] (]) 09:05, 4 August 2024 (UTC)
			:'''Oppose''' per KJP, a well intentioned but silly proposition. ] (]) 09:44, 4 August 2024 (UTC)
			:'''Oppose''' too, per ]. ] (]) 12:37, 5 August 2024 (UTC)
			{{Archive bottom}}

			== Outdated line to change ==
	:::::I think you do Misplaced Pages a disservice, Wrad. All kinds of people find information on this website, in many cases information they had never heard of before, and who knows what such discoveries might lead the reader to do. That's the beauty of the site. To bring it back to Shakespeare, by far the best book I've ever read on the Oxfordian theory is by Mark Anderson, "Shakespeare By Another Name" (2005). Anderson says in the book (Author's Note, page 411) that the first time he ever heard of any such thing as a doubt about the identity of Shakespeare was in 1993. At first he thought it was some silly hoax, but he was intrigued, he did some research, did some writing, and 12 years later his book was the result. Admittedly, he didn't hear about the authorship debate from Misplaced Pages, but others surely have, and will. -- ] 06:12, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

			Under "Legacy": "Shakespeare remains the world's best-selling playwright, with sales of his plays and poetry believed to have achieved in excess of four billion copies in the almost 400 years since his death." We are considerably beyond the 400 year mark. ] (]) 23:04, 27 September 2024 (UTC)
	::::::Fair enough, i had not noticed the acknowledgments on the issue when i looked, my mistake. I suppose a large section on the issue would not be encyclopaedic in nature as these are simply claims from a few quarters. Also, Ward has a point, this is not a tool for changing the given opinion, that is for research to do, it is for reporting it. As an anonymous update website it is hard for us to guarantee that persons updating will be at the front of the given field and not simply trying to subtly vandalise the article. ] 13:23, 12 September 2007 (UTC)
	::::::Look no one is trying to suppress this stuff. There's a whole article on ] and other sub-articles on ] and ]. The main article is linked from this one and the sub articles from the first one. There are also articles on the Great Minds who have developed these theories, from ] through ] to the ]s. ] 13:28, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

			:The line is a quote from Guinness World Records (2014 edition), and is correct in that sense. You'll need to get a more recent edition of Guinness, quoting the appropriate entry to correct this. ] (]) 00:12, 28 September 2024 (UTC)
	:::::::I don't agree with Jack that the history starts with Rowe. Rowe's is an anecdotal and not a documentary life. We have documents and anecdotes from long before Rowe, including the First Folio and the 1640 edition of the poems, which contain biographical/anecdotal comment. We have Aubrey, too, who tells us that Shakespeare vsiited Stratford each year during his working life, for example. Aubrey is not particularly reliable (he says Shakespeare's father was a Stratford butcher, for example), but he is earlier than Rowe. There's plenty of other pre-Rowe material, too. Apart from the "lost years", there is not an unusual shortage of information about Shakespeare's life, and many of those who write about his life go out of their way to say as much.] 16:32, 12 September 2007 (UTC)
			::If sales of Shakespeare's plays and poetry were in excess of four billion copies ten years ago, they are still in excess of four billion copies. The number of sales cannot fall. The 2014 Guiness World Records source would still support the updated sentence. It's just a technicality. ] (]) 21:33, 23 October 2024 (UTC)
			:::The "four billion copies" is not the fact at issue here. The fact at issue is the "almost 400 years"., which is correct if you are quoting the 2014 issue of Guinness (which it is). As I stated above, a more recent issue of Guinness (2016 or later) will have the updated factoid (more than 400 years). Yes, it is a technicality, but an encyclopedia is all about the technicalities. ] (]) 22:45, 23 October 2024 (UTC)

	== ~~The Greatest Scientist~~ of ~~All Times?~~ ==		== One of... ==

			I see there's been an unsourced edit to the lead to make Shakespeare "one of" the most influential writers in English. Such edits have been controversial in the past. I'm just mentioning it and don't intend to revert. ] (]) 13:44, 24 December 2024 (UTC)
	Would you consider Shakespeare as the greatest scientist of all times?
			:I have reverted it. It is surely unarguable to state that WS was “arguably” the most influential writer in English ever. ] (]) 15:20, 24 December 2024 (UTC)
			::p.s. It might benefit the editor wanting the change to take a look at earlier discussions on the same point, . ] (]) 06:31, 25 December 2024 (UTC)

			==The modern reception of Shakespeare==
	I certainly would. He not only dwarfs all psychologists of nowadays with his insights about human nature, he also dwrfs all scientists with his ability to convey his insights to very wide audience.

			Remsense, it would be beneficial if you had actually read the body of the article before editing the lead and removing other editors' contributions. The material regarding the modern reception of Shakespeare is thoroughly covered in the section "Critical reputation" and serves as a fair and balanced overview of how Shakespeare has been perceived, particularly in the age of modern drama since the 19th century.
	Is there a hidden link between Shakespeare, Stanislavski's Method, recent findings in psychology, complexity theory etc.? Please, join in.

			The mention of ], a term coined by George Bernard Shaw—a Nobel Prize laureate in literature—is far from undue. On the contrary, it highlights a critical aspect of Shakespeare's legacy: the tension between reverence and critique. The modern reception of Shakespeare should include this nuanced perspective, especially given the transformative influence of Ibsen on drama and the contrasting views of ], who found Shakespeare's "primitiveness" a hallmark of his enduring modernity. These contrasting views are crucial for understanding how Shakespeare's relevance has been debated in modern theatrical contexts.
	Also, I have received notification on “Hello from my Heart” days (11-21 September). This might seem inappropriate, but:

			To excise this material risks creating an overly hagiographic portrayal of Shakespeare. Misplaced Pages's objective is to present a balanced narrative, not one that veers into idolization by suppressing critical perspectives. Including this context acknowledges both Shakespeare's towering achievements and the evolving discourse about his place in literature.
	From my heart,

			The lead should reflect this nuanced understanding, which is consistent with the evidence presented in the body of the article. To ignore such discussions may inadvertently contribute to the very ] that Shaw critiqued. --] (]) 02:19, 27 December 2024 (UTC)
	] 09:43, 12 September 2007 (UTC)
			:At the very least we should mention bardolatry somewhere. For example, {{tq\|The modern reception of Shakespeare reflects both admiration and critique, with ] coining the term ] to challenge excessive reverence.}} --] (]) 02:44, 27 December 2024 (UTC)
			:The lead is meant to be a brief summary of key facts about a subject, proportional to their representation in the article body. Very often, it absolutely should not describe nuances of this kind as there is simply no time to do so without throwing the reader's initial assessment totally out of whack. Juxtaposing a well-cited claim with one that is contrary or dissenting but clearly less well represented is an antipattern. Such nuances belong in the body . <span style="border-radius:2px;padding:3px;background:#1E816F">]<span style="color:#fff"> ‥ </span>]</span> 06:01, 27 December 2024 (UTC)
			::Nobody is ignoring anything. The "bardolatory" criticism of Shaw '''is''' already mentioned in the ''Critical reputation'' section, which points to two, fuller, sub-articles where it is covered in greater detail. To lob an uncontextualised mention of Ibsen into the lead would be of no help to the reader. ] (]) 07:20, 27 December 2024 (UTC)

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Move to "Shakespeare"

Consensus against the proposed move – It doesn't seem like a formal WP:RM was actually begun here, but in any case there is clearly a consensus against the proposed change. WP:SNOWCLOSE – Aza24 (talk) 22:06, 10 September 2024 (UTC)

The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Shakespeare is a name associated with William, arguably the best to ever do it in multiple realms. Several writers of the same era, and previous ones, with a less known body of work, only have 1 name on their articles. The redirect is already his, no (disambiguation). I understand both reasons against and in support, just want to test the waters to see where we stand on this. It seems a reasonable move:

Support move to Shakespeare, the article subject is consistently refered to as such-and was during his time.

Wikisempra (talk) 12:40, 3 August 2024 (UTC)

Oppose - Assuming I’ve correctly understood the proposal as; rename the “William Shakespeare” article as “Shakespeare”. His name was William Shakespeare, and if you’re thinking about ease for readers, “Shakespeare” already redirects here, as you say. You suggest there are other authors whose pages follow the proposed approach. Could you give a couple of examples? That might help me better understand your thinking. KJP1 (talk) 16:23, 3 August 2024 (UTC)

Homer? Jahwist? Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 16:57, 3 August 2024 (UTC)

Yes, some Ancient Greeks came to mind. But the proposer suggests there are writers broadly contemporary to Shakespeare where this approach is followed. KJP1 (talk) 17:19, 3 August 2024 (UTC)

Oppose. Per WP:MONONYM: "Using the last name as the page title for a person, when the first name is also known and used, is discouraged, even if that name would be unambiguous, and even if it consists of more than one word. Unambiguous last names are usually redirects: for example, Ludwig van Beethoven is the title of an article, while Van Beethoven and Beethoven redirect to that article." Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 17:02, 3 August 2024 (UTC)

Oppose. The proposition is frankly silly, and scales very badly. Ceoil (talk) 21:04, 3 August 2024 (UTC)

Oppose Potential confusion with the politician John Shakespeare, and the actor Edmund Shakespeare. Dimadick (talk) 09:05, 4 August 2024 (UTC)

Oppose per KJP, a well intentioned but silly proposition. Ceoil (talk) 09:44, 4 August 2024 (UTC)

Oppose too, per Gråbergs Gråa Sång. AndyJones (talk) 12:37, 5 August 2024 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Outdated line to change

Under "Legacy": "Shakespeare remains the world's best-selling playwright, with sales of his plays and poetry believed to have achieved in excess of four billion copies in the almost 400 years since his death." We are considerably beyond the 400 year mark. 47.221.100.154 (talk) 23:04, 27 September 2024 (UTC)

The line is a quote from Guinness World Records (2014 edition), and is correct in that sense. You'll need to get a more recent edition of Guinness, quoting the appropriate entry to correct this. Mediatech492 (talk) 00:12, 28 September 2024 (UTC)

If sales of Shakespeare's plays and poetry were in excess of four billion copies ten years ago, they are still in excess of four billion copies. The number of sales cannot fall. The 2014 Guiness World Records source would still support the updated sentence. It's just a technicality. 47.221.100.154 (talk) 21:33, 23 October 2024 (UTC)

The "four billion copies" is not the fact at issue here. The fact at issue is the "almost 400 years"., which is correct if you are quoting the 2014 issue of Guinness (which it is). As I stated above, a more recent issue of Guinness (2016 or later) will have the updated factoid (more than 400 years). Yes, it is a technicality, but an encyclopedia is all about the technicalities. Mediatech492 (talk) 22:45, 23 October 2024 (UTC)

One of...

I see there's been an unsourced edit to the lead to make Shakespeare "one of" the most influential writers in English. Such edits have been controversial in the past. I'm just mentioning it and don't intend to revert. AndyJones (talk) 13:44, 24 December 2024 (UTC)

I have reverted it. It is surely unarguable to state that WS was “arguably” the most influential writer in English ever. KJP1 (talk) 15:20, 24 December 2024 (UTC)

p.s. It might benefit the editor wanting the change to take a look at earlier discussions on the same point, . KJP1 (talk) 06:31, 25 December 2024 (UTC)

The modern reception of Shakespeare

Remsense, it would be beneficial if you had actually read the body of the article before editing the lead and removing other editors' contributions. The material regarding the modern reception of Shakespeare is thoroughly covered in the section "Critical reputation" and serves as a fair and balanced overview of how Shakespeare has been perceived, particularly in the age of modern drama since the 19th century.

The mention of bardolatry, a term coined by George Bernard Shaw—a Nobel Prize laureate in literature—is far from undue. On the contrary, it highlights a critical aspect of Shakespeare's legacy: the tension between reverence and critique. The modern reception of Shakespeare should include this nuanced perspective, especially given the transformative influence of Ibsen on drama and the contrasting views of T. S. Eliot, who found Shakespeare's "primitiveness" a hallmark of his enduring modernity. These contrasting views are crucial for understanding how Shakespeare's relevance has been debated in modern theatrical contexts.

To excise this material risks creating an overly hagiographic portrayal of Shakespeare. Misplaced Pages's objective is to present a balanced narrative, not one that veers into idolization by suppressing critical perspectives. Including this context acknowledges both Shakespeare's towering achievements and the evolving discourse about his place in literature.

The lead should reflect this nuanced understanding, which is consistent with the evidence presented in the body of the article. To ignore such discussions may inadvertently contribute to the very bardolatry that Shaw critiqued. --Msbmt (talk) 02:19, 27 December 2024 (UTC)

At the very least we should mention bardolatry somewhere. For example, The modern reception of Shakespeare reflects both admiration and critique, with George Bernard Shaw coining the term bardolatry to challenge excessive reverence. --Msbmt (talk) 02:44, 27 December 2024 (UTC)

The lead is meant to be a brief summary of key facts about a subject, proportional to their representation in the article body. Very often, it absolutely should not describe nuances of this kind as there is simply no time to do so without throwing the reader's initial assessment totally out of whack. Juxtaposing a well-cited claim with one that is contrary or dissenting but clearly less well represented is an antipattern. Such nuances belong in the body . Remsense ‥ 论 06:01, 27 December 2024 (UTC)

Nobody is ignoring anything. The "bardolatory" criticism of Shaw is already mentioned in the Critical reputation section, which points to two, fuller, sub-articles where it is covered in greater detail. To lob an uncontextualised mention of Ibsen into the lead would be of no help to the reader. KJP1 (talk) 07:20, 27 December 2024 (UTC)

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