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{{short description|Dutch breed of dairy cattle}}
]
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
The '''] Belted''' (Lakenvelder) breed of ] is, according to records, the only belted breed of cattle tracing back directly to the original belted or "canvassed" cattle which were described in ] and ]. These "Gurtenvieh" were evidently moved by Dutch nobility from the mountain farms of Canton ] and ] Mountains during or soon after the feudal period. The Dutch were very protective of their belted cattle and would generally not part with them. The cattle were highly prized for their milking and fattening abilities. The breed began to flourish in the ] around ].Now, the cow is too rare to become a popular type of beef.
{{use list-defined references|date=August 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox cattle breed
| name = Lakenvelder
| image = Lakenfelder cow (cropped).jpg
| image_alt =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| status = {{ubl|] (2007): not listed{{r|barb|p=82}}|{{nobreak|] (2022): endangered-maintained{{r|dad}}}}}}
| altname =
| country = ]
| distribution =
| standard =
| use = dual-purpose, ] and ]
| weight =
| maleweight = 700 kg{{r|felius|p=81}}
| femaleweight = 550 kg
| height =
| maleheight = 137 cm{{r|felius|p=81}}
| femaleheight = 126–136 cm{{r|cabi|p=225}}
| skincolour =
| colour = black or dusky red, with broad white belt
| horn = horned; rarely ]{{r|dad}}
| subspecies = taurus
| note =
}}


], the Netherlands]]
Current races are more productive, but there are small scale initiatives to preserve the race.
The '''{{lang|nl|Lakenvelder|italic=no}}''' is a Dutch and German ] of ]. It is reported from the Netherlands and Belgium, but may be extinct in Germany.{{r|dad|dad2|dad3}}


== History ==
Some Dutch belted cows produce over 9000kg of milk per lactation<ref></ref>.


No written evidence supports an often-repeated claim that the Lakenvelder derives from cattle of the {{lang|de|Gurtenvieh|italic=no}} or belted ] of Switzerland, brought to the Netherlands in or after ] times by the ] or the wealthy.{{r|becker|p=176}} It is however supported by ] studies, which have shown that the Gurtenvieh, the Lakenvelder and the ] all carry the same candidate gene for the belted ].{{r|cabi|p=224|ag|p2=304}} Cattle with this characteristic are shown in Dutch paintings from the seventeenth century.{{r|ag|p=304}} It seems likely that the Lakenvelder derives directly from Swiss and Austrian belted cattle, and that during the reign of ] some cattle of this type found their way to Scotland, where they inter-bred with ] stock, giving rise to the Belted Galloway.{{r|ag|p=304}}
There is also a rare breed of domestic poultry called Lakenvelder that has this same belted colouring with a solid black neck hackle and black tail but with a pure white body.
⚫ ==See also==
*]


A ] for the Lakenvelder was started in 1918; at that time there were about fifteen farms breeding the cattle, with some 200 head between them.{{r|cabi|p=224}} In 1930 regulations were introduced to control milk production and to make testing for ] obligatory; by the end of the ] only five herds remained.{{r|jan|p=285}}
==Notes==
<references/>
⚫ ==References==
Professor Raymond Becker, ''Dairy Cattle Breeds: Origin and Development'' (ISBN 0-8130-0335-0)


==External links == == Characteristics ==
* Dutch Belted Cattle Association of America Website
* Excerpt above from ]
<!-- * around ] - dead link -->
*


The Lakenvelder is finely built and of small to medium size, with a ] height in the range {{val|126|–|136|u=cm}} for cows and averaging {{val|133|u=cm}}{{r|cabi|p=225}} or {{val|137|u=cm}} for bulls.{{r|felius|p=97}} Body weights are variously reported as {{val|500|u=kg}}{{r|cabi|p=225}} or {{val|700|u=kg}} for bulls,{{r|felius|p=97}} and {{val|450|u=kg}}{{r|cabi|p=224}} or {{val|550|u=kg}} for cows.{{r|felius|p=97}}


The coat may be either black or dusky red, always with a broad belt of white encircling the body behind the shoulder and in front of the hip; black and red animals are in approximately equal numbers.{{r|cabi|p=225}} There are no other white markings on the head or body;{{r|szh}} the horns, tongue and udder are pigmented.{{r|slow}} Both sexes normally carry horns, but ] animals can occur.{{r|dad}}
{{Netherlands-stub}}
{{livestock-stub}}


⚫ == Use ==

It is a dual-purpose breed, with both ] and ] strains. Beef yields are not high, but the meat is of good quality and has achieved good results in comparative taste tests.{{r|szh|slow}} The milk is high in protein and low in ]; milk yields are of the order of {{val|5000|–|6000|u=kg}} per year.{{r|felius|p=97}}

⚫ == References ==
{{commonscat}}
{{reflist|45em|refs=

<ref name=ag>C. Drögemüller, S. Demmel, M. Engensteiner, S. Rieder, T. Leeb (2009). . ''Animal Genetics''. '''41''' (3): 304–307. {{doi|10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01987.x}}.</ref>

<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). , annex to . Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>

<ref name=becker>Raymond Brown Becker (1973). . Gainesville: University of Florida Press. {{isbn|9780813003351}}.</ref>

<ref name=cabi>Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN|9781780647944}}.</ref>

<ref name=dad>. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 2022.</ref>

<ref name=dad2>. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 2022.</ref>

<ref name=dad3>. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 2022.</ref>

<ref name=felius>Marleen Felius (1995). . Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset. {{ISBN|9789054390176}}.</ref>

<ref name=jan>Janet Vorwald Dohner (2001). ''The Encyclopedia of Historic and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds''. New Haven, Connecticut; London: Yale University Press. {{isbn|0300088809}}.</ref>

<ref name=slow> (in Dutch). Arnhem: Slow Food Nederland, Archived 18 June 2024.</ref>

<ref name=szh> (in Dutch). Wageningen: Stichting Zeldzame Huisdierrassen. Archived 24 April 2024.</ref>

}}


{{Cattle breeds of Germany}}
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Latest revision as of 15:32, 21 December 2024

Dutch breed of dairy cattle

Lakenvelder
Conservation status
  • FAO (2007): not listed
  • DAD-IS (2022): endangered-maintained
Country of originNetherlands
Usedual-purpose, dairy and beef
Traits
Weight
  • Male: 700 kg
  • Female: 550 kg
Height
  • Male: 137 cm
  • Female: 126–136 cm
Horn statushorned; rarely polled
  • Cattle
  • Bos (primigenius) taurus
Lakenvelders near Leusden, the Netherlands

The Lakenvelder is a Dutch and German breed of dairy cattle. It is reported from the Netherlands and Belgium, but may be extinct in Germany.

History

No written evidence supports an often-repeated claim that the Lakenvelder derives from cattle of the Gurtenvieh or belted Braunvieh of Switzerland, brought to the Netherlands in or after Mediaeval times by the nobility or the wealthy. It is however supported by molecular genetic studies, which have shown that the Gurtenvieh, the Lakenvelder and the Belted Galloway all carry the same candidate gene for the belted phenotype. Cattle with this characteristic are shown in Dutch paintings from the seventeenth century. It seems likely that the Lakenvelder derives directly from Swiss and Austrian belted cattle, and that during the reign of William of Orange some cattle of this type found their way to Scotland, where they inter-bred with Galloway stock, giving rise to the Belted Galloway.

A herd-book for the Lakenvelder was started in 1918; at that time there were about fifteen farms breeding the cattle, with some 200 head between them. In 1930 regulations were introduced to control milk production and to make testing for tuberculosis obligatory; by the end of the Second World War only five herds remained.

Characteristics

The Lakenvelder is finely built and of small to medium size, with a withers height in the range 126–136 cm for cows and averaging 133 cm or 137 cm for bulls. Body weights are variously reported as 500 kg or 700 kg for bulls, and 450 kg or 550 kg for cows.

The coat may be either black or dusky red, always with a broad belt of white encircling the body behind the shoulder and in front of the hip; black and red animals are in approximately equal numbers. There are no other white markings on the head or body; the horns, tongue and udder are pigmented. Both sexes normally carry horns, but polled animals can occur.

Use

It is a dual-purpose breed, with both dairy and beef strains. Beef yields are not high, but the meat is of good quality and has achieved good results in comparative taste tests. The milk is high in protein and low in fat; milk yields are of the order of 5000–6000 kg per year.

References

  1. Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
  2. ^ Breed data sheet: Lakenvelder / Netherlands (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 2022.
  3. ^ Marleen Felius (1995). Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset. ISBN 9789054390176.
  4. ^ Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
  5. Breed data sheet: Lakenvelder / Belgium (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 2022.
  6. Breed data sheet: Lakenvelder Rind / Germany (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 2022.
  7. Raymond Brown Becker (1973). Dairy Cattle Breeds; Origin and Development. Gainesville: University of Florida Press. ISBN 9780813003351.
  8. ^ C. Drögemüller, S. Demmel, M. Engensteiner, S. Rieder, T. Leeb (2009). A shared 336 kb haplotype associated with the belt pattern in three divergent cattle breeds. Animal Genetics. 41 (3): 304–307. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01987.x.
  9. Janet Vorwald Dohner (2001). The Encyclopedia of Historic and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds. New Haven, Connecticut; London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300088809.
  10. ^ Lakenvelder (in Dutch). Wageningen: Stichting Zeldzame Huisdierrassen. Archived 24 April 2024.
  11. ^ Lakenvelder {Presidium} (in Dutch). Arnhem: Slow Food Nederland, Archived 18 June 2024.


Cattle breeds of Germany
These are the cattle breeds considered to be wholly or partly of German origin.
Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively German.
Extinct breeds


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