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{{Short description|Syrian bishop}}
'''Titus of Bostra''' (], now in ]) (died c.378<ref></ref>) was a Catholic theologian and bishop. ]<ref>Hist. eccl., III, xiv.</ref> names Titus among the great men of the time of ]. '''Titus of Bostra''' (died c. 378<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006232451/http://www.ritmanlibrary.nl/c/p/pub/on_pub/mani/mani.html |date=2006-10-06 }}</ref>) was a Christian theologian and bishop. ]<ref>{{harvnb|Bacchus|1913}} Cites: Hist. eccl., III, xiv.</ref> names Titus among the great men of the time of ].
{{tocright}}


==Life== ==Life==
⚫ Sozomen also tells<ref>{{harvnb|Bacchus|1913}} Cites: Hist. eccl., V, xv.</ref> of a mean trick played upon Titus by ]. It was expected that the reestablishment of paganism would cause riots, as it had elsewhere. Julian wrote to Titus, as ] (now ]) that he would hold him and the clergy responsible for any disorder. Titus replied that though the Christians were equal in number to the pagans they would obey him and keep quiet. Julian then wrote to the Bostrians urging them to expel Titus because he had calumniated them by attributing their quiet conduct not to their own good dispositions but to his influence. Titus remained bishop at Bostra until c. 371.<ref>Samuel N. C. Lieu, ''Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China'' (1992), p. 132.</ref>


⚫ According to Socrates<ref>{{harvnb|Bacchus|1913}} Cites: Hist. eccl., III, xxv.</ref> Titus was one of the bishops who signed the Synodal Letter, addressed to ] by the ], in which the ] was accepted, though with a clause "intended somewhat to weaken and semiarianize the expression homoousios".<ref>{{harvnb|Bacchus|1913}} Cites: ], "Councils", II, p. 283.</ref>
⚫ Sozomen also tells<ref>op. cit., V, xv.</ref> of a trick played upon Titus by ]. Julian wrote to Titus, as ] that he would hold him and the clergy responsible for any disorder after the re-establishment of ]. Titus replied that though the Christians were equal in number to the pagans they would obey him and keep quiet. Julian then wrote to the Bostrians urging them to expel Titus because he had calumniated them by attributing their quiet conduct not to their own good dispositions but to his influence. Titus remained bishop at Bostra until c. 371<ref> Samuel N. C. Lieu, Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China (1992), p. 132.</ref>.

⚫ According to Socrates<ref>op. cit., III, xxv.</ref> Titus was one of the bishops who signed the Synodal Letter, addressed to ] by the ], in which the ] was accepted, though with a clause "intended somewhat to weaken and semiarianize the expression homoousios"<ref>], "Councils", II, p. 283.</ref>.


==Works== ==Works==
]<ref>{{harvnb|Bacchus|1913}} Cites:Ep. Lxx</ref> names Titus among writers whose secular erudition is as marvellous as their knowledge of Scripture; in his '']'', cii, he speaks of Titus's "mighty" books against the ] and other miscellanea. He places his death under ].


Of the other miscellanea, only fragments of exegetical writings have survived. These show that Titus followed the Antiochene School of Scripture exegesis in keeping to the literal as opposed to the allegorical interpretation.
]<ref>Ep. Lxx</ref> names Titus among writers whose secular erudition is as marvellous as their knowledge of Scripture; in his "De vir. ill.", cii, he speaks of his "mighty" (fortes) books against the ] and nonnulla alia. He places his death under ]. Of the nonnulla alia only fragments of exegetical writings have survived. These show that Titus followed the Antiochene School of Scripture exegesis in keeping to the literal as opposed to the allegorical interpretation. The "Contra Manichæos" is the most important work of the kind that has come down to us, of value is because of the number of quotations it contains from Manichaean writers. In one passage Titus seems to favour ]'s view that the pains of the damned are not eternal<ref>On this point see especially ], "Histoire générale des auteurs sacrés et ecclésiastiques", VI p. 54, who seems disposed to acquit him of this error.</ref>. The work consists of four books of which the fourth and the greater part of the third are only extant in a ] translation.


The Greek and Syriac texts of the Contra Manichæos. were published by Lagarde (Berlin, 1859). Earlier editions of the Greek text suffer from an insertion from a work of Serapion owing to the misplacement of a leaf in the original codex. For this. and other writings attributed to Titus see ] and ]. The genuine exegetical fragments of this commentary were published by ] in Texte u. Untersuchen, VI, i (new series). Bardenhewer-Shahan, Patrology (St. Louis, 1908), 270-1. Titus's ''Contra Manichæos'' preserves a large number of quotations from Manichaean writers. The work consists of four books of which the fourth and the greater part of the third are only extant in a ] translation. The Greek and Syriac texts of the ''Contra Manichæos'' were published by ] (Berlin, 1859). Earlier editions of the Greek text suffer from an insertion from a work of Serapion owing to the misplacement of a leaf in the original codex. The latest edition by Paul-Huber Poirier of the extant Greek text and the more extensive Syriac translation appeared 2013 (Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 82).<ref>], Series Graeca 82: ''Titus Bostrensis: Contra Manichaeos Graece et Syriace,'' ed. Agathe Roman, Thomas Schmidt (Graece); Paul-Hubert Poirier, Eric Crégher (Syriace); excerpta sacris parallelis, ed. José Declerck, Turnhout, ], 2013</ref> In 2015 a French translation of the texts in this edition appeared in the Corpus Christianorum in Translation-series.<ref>See P.-H. Poitiers, A. Roman, T. Schmidt, Titus de Bostra Contra les manichéens (Corpus Christianorum in Translation 21), Turnhout, ], 2015, {{ISBN|978-2-503-55017-6}}.</ref>


In one passage Titus seems to favour ]'s view that the pains of the damned are not eternal.<ref>{{harvnb|Bacchus|1913}} states: "On this point see especially" ], ''Histoire générale des auteurs sacrés et ecclésiastiques'', VI p. 54, who seems disposed to acquit him of this error.</ref>
⚫ ==References==

⚫ * P. G. Walsh, James Walsh (1985), ''Divine Providence and Human Suffering'', p. 53 et seq.
A Commentary on the Gospel of St. Luke is attributed to Titus, which survives in excerpts principally in catenae. For this, and other writings attributed to Titus see ] and ]. The genuine exegetical fragments of this commentary were published by ].<ref>Texte u. Untersuchen, VI, i (new series). See ]-Shahan, ''Patrology'' (St. Louis, 1908), 270-1.</ref>
⚫ * Nils Arne Pedersen (2004), ''Demonstrative proof in defence of God. A study of Titus of Bostra's Contra Manichaeos - The work's sources, aims and relation to its contemporary theology''


==Notes== ==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}
<references/>


⚫ ==References==
{{Catholic}}
* CPG II & Supplementum ] 3575 - 3578
*{{Catholic|first=F.J. |last=Bacchus |wstitle=Titus, Bishop of Bostra}} The entry additionally cites:
** The Greek and Syriac texts of the Contra Manich., published by LAGARDE (Berlin, 1859)
** For Contra Manich. and other writings attributed to TITUS see MIGNE and GALLANDI
** SICKENBERGER in Texte u. Untersuchen, VI, i (new series)
** BARDENHEWER-SHARAN, Patrology (St. Louis, 1908), 270-1

==Further reading==

⚫ * P. G. Walsh, James Walsh, ''Divine Providence and Human Suffering'', Wilmington: Michael Glazer 1985, p.&nbsp;53 et seq.
⚫ *{{cite book |last=Pedersen |first=Nils |title=Demonstrative proof in defence of God a study of Titus of Bostra's Contra Manichaeos: the work's sources, aims, and relation to its contemporary theology |publisher=Brill |publication-place=Leiden |year=2004 |isbn=978-90-474-0545-0 |oclc=1162027205}}


==External links== ==External links==
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Latest revision as of 15:38, 12 August 2024

Syrian bishop

Titus of Bostra (died c. 378) was a Christian theologian and bishop. Sozomen names Titus among the great men of the time of Constantius.

Life

Sozomen also tells of a mean trick played upon Titus by Julian the Apostate. It was expected that the reestablishment of paganism would cause riots, as it had elsewhere. Julian wrote to Titus, as bishop of Bostra (now Bosra) that he would hold him and the clergy responsible for any disorder. Titus replied that though the Christians were equal in number to the pagans they would obey him and keep quiet. Julian then wrote to the Bostrians urging them to expel Titus because he had calumniated them by attributing their quiet conduct not to their own good dispositions but to his influence. Titus remained bishop at Bostra until c. 371.

According to Socrates Titus was one of the bishops who signed the Synodal Letter, addressed to Jovian by the Council of Antioch (363), in which the Nicene Creed was accepted, though with a clause "intended somewhat to weaken and semiarianize the expression homoousios".

Works

St. Jerome names Titus among writers whose secular erudition is as marvellous as their knowledge of Scripture; in his De Viris Illustribus, cii, he speaks of Titus's "mighty" books against the Manichaean and other miscellanea. He places his death under Valens.

Of the other miscellanea, only fragments of exegetical writings have survived. These show that Titus followed the Antiochene School of Scripture exegesis in keeping to the literal as opposed to the allegorical interpretation.

Titus's Contra Manichæos preserves a large number of quotations from Manichaean writers. The work consists of four books of which the fourth and the greater part of the third are only extant in a Syriac translation. The Greek and Syriac texts of the Contra Manichæos were published by Paul de Lagarde (Berlin, 1859). Earlier editions of the Greek text suffer from an insertion from a work of Serapion owing to the misplacement of a leaf in the original codex. The latest edition by Paul-Huber Poirier of the extant Greek text and the more extensive Syriac translation appeared 2013 (Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 82). In 2015 a French translation of the texts in this edition appeared in the Corpus Christianorum in Translation-series.

In one passage Titus seems to favour Origen's view that the pains of the damned are not eternal.

A Commentary on the Gospel of St. Luke is attributed to Titus, which survives in excerpts principally in catenae. For this, and other writings attributed to Titus see Migne and Gallandi. The genuine exegetical fragments of this commentary were published by Sickenberger.

Notes

  1. J.R. Ritman Library - Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
  2. Bacchus 1913 Cites: Hist. eccl., III, xiv.
  3. Bacchus 1913 Cites: Hist. eccl., V, xv.
  4. Samuel N. C. Lieu, Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China (1992), p. 132.
  5. Bacchus 1913 Cites: Hist. eccl., III, xxv.
  6. Bacchus 1913 Cites: Hefele, "Councils", II, p. 283.
  7. Bacchus 1913 Cites:Ep. Lxx
  8. Corpus Christianorum, Series Graeca 82: Titus Bostrensis: Contra Manichaeos Graece et Syriace, ed. Agathe Roman, Thomas Schmidt (Graece); Paul-Hubert Poirier, Eric Crégher (Syriace); excerpta sacris parallelis, ed. José Declerck, Turnhout, Brepols, 2013
  9. See P.-H. Poitiers, A. Roman, T. Schmidt, Titus de Bostra Contra les manichéens (Corpus Christianorum in Translation 21), Turnhout, Brepols, 2015, ISBN 978-2-503-55017-6.
  10. Bacchus 1913 states: "On this point see especially" Rémy Ceillier, Histoire générale des auteurs sacrés et ecclésiastiques, VI p. 54, who seems disposed to acquit him of this error.
  11. Texte u. Untersuchen, VI, i (new series). See Bardenhewer-Shahan, Patrology (St. Louis, 1908), 270-1.

References

  • CPG II & Supplementum Clavis Patrum Graecorum 3575 - 3578
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bacchus, F.J. (1913). "Titus, Bishop of Bostra". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. The entry additionally cites:
    • The Greek and Syriac texts of the Contra Manich., published by LAGARDE (Berlin, 1859)
    • For Contra Manich. and other writings attributed to TITUS see MIGNE and GALLANDI
    • SICKENBERGER in Texte u. Untersuchen, VI, i (new series)
    • BARDENHEWER-SHARAN, Patrology (St. Louis, 1908), 270-1

Further reading

  • P. G. Walsh, James Walsh, Divine Providence and Human Suffering, Wilmington: Michael Glazer 1985, p. 53 et seq.
  • Pedersen, Nils (2004). Demonstrative proof in defence of God a study of Titus of Bostra's Contra Manichaeos: the work's sources, aims, and relation to its contemporary theology. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-474-0545-0. OCLC 1162027205.

External links

Categories: