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'''Robert Koffler Jarvik''' (born ] ]) is an American ] and physician known for his role in developing the ] ]. {{Short description|American inventor, creator of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Robert Jarvik
| image =
| birth_name = Robert Koffler Jarvik
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|05|11}}
| birth_place = ], U.S.
| alma_mater = ]<br>]
| occupation = ], ]
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Elaine Levin|1968|1985|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|]|1987}}
}}
| children = 2
| known_for = Developing the ] ]
| website = https://www.jarvikheart.com/
| relatives = ] <small>(paternal uncle)</small>
}}
'''Robert Koffler Jarvik''' (born May 11, 1946) is an American ], ], and ] known for his role in developing the Jarvik-7 ].


==Biography== ==Early life==
Jarvik was born in ] to Dr. Norman Eugene Jarvik and Edythe Koffler Jarvik and raised in ]. <ref>"Men in the News: A Pair of Skilled Hands to Guide an Artificial Heart: Robert Kiffler Jarvik". Article in The New York Times, ] ]. Retrieved from on ].</ref> Robert Jarvik was born in ], to Norman Eugene Jarvik and Edythe Koffler Jarvik, and raised in ].<ref>"Men in the News: A Pair of Skilled Hands to Guide an Artificial Heart: Robert Kiffler Jarvik". Article in ''The New York Times'', 3 December 1982. Retrieved from on 2006-06-23.</ref> He is brother to Jonathan Jarvik, a biological-sciences professor at ],<ref>{{Cite web |last= University |first= Carnegie Mellon |title= Jonathan W. Jarvik - Biological Sciences - Carnegie Mellon University |url= http://www.cmu.edu/bio/people/faculty/jarvik.html |access-date= 2022-07-16 |website= www.cmu.edu |language=en}}</ref> as well as the nephew of ], a ] who co-invented the ].<ref name=lat>{{cite news |first= Thomas|last= Maugh II|title= Dr. Murray E. Jarvik, 84; UCLA pharmacologist invented nicotine patch|url= http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-jarvik14-2008may14,0,3688594.story|work= ] |date= 2008-05-14 |access-date= 2008-05-26}}</ref><ref name=iht>{{cite news |title= Dr. Murray Jarvik, co-inventor of nicotine patch, dies at 84 in Santa Monica
|url= http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/05/10/america/NA-GEN-US-Obit-Jarvik.php|agency= ] |publisher= ]|date= 2008-05-10 |access-date= 2008-05-26}}</ref> At an early age Jarvik showed interest in mechanics and medicine, which would later influence his work.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title= Jarvik, Robert Koffler {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url= https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/jarvik-robert-koffler |access-date= 2023-08-11 |website= www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> By the age of 17 he had already obtained five patents for his inventions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= Baumgold |first= Julie |date= February 6, 1989 |title= In the Kingdom of the Brain |journal= New York Magazine |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=43}}</ref>


Jarvik is a graduate of ].<ref name=":1" /> He earned a master's degree in ] from ].<ref name=Milestones>"Milestones". ''Rime Magazine'', March 2, 2009 p.18</ref>
Jarvik is married to ] columnist ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marilynvossavant.com/bio.html||title=About Marilyn|accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> They reside in ].


Jarvik is a graduate of ]. He earned a master’s degree in ] from ]. After that he went to work for Dr. ], a Dutch born physician-inventor at the ], who produced the first dialysis machine, and who was working on other artificial organs, including a heart. Jarvik received his ] in 1976 from the University of Utah. He did not complete an internship or residency and has never been licensed to practice medicine. <ref>"Men in the News: A Pair of Skilled Hands to Guide an Artificial Heart: Robert Kiffler Jarvik". Article in The New York Times, ] ]. Retrieved from on ].</ref><ref>"Is this celebrity doctor's TV ad right for you?". Article in MSNBC, ] ]. Retrieved from on ].</ref> After being admitted to the ], Jarvik completed two years of study, and in 1971 was hired by ], a Dutch-born physician-inventor at the University of Utah,<ref name=Milestones/> who produced the first dialysis machine, and who was working on other artificial organs, including a heart. Jarvik received his ] in 1976 from the University of Utah. Jarvik is a medical scientist - he did not complete a ] or ] and has never been licensed to practice medicine.<ref>"Men in the News: A Pair of Skilled Hands to Guide an Artificial Heart: Robert Kiffler Jarvik". Article in ''The New York Times'', 3 December 1982. Retrieved from on 2007-05-27.
</ref><ref>
"Is this celebrity doctor's TV ad right for you?". Article in NBC News, 1 March 2007. Retrieved from on 2007-05-27 - "Kolff quickly assumed the role of Jarvik's mentor and helped him earn an M.D. from the University of Utah in 1976, although Jarvik neither took an internship nor practiced medicine."</ref>


==Career==
===Artificial heart===
Jarvik joined the ]'s artificial organs program in 1971, then headed by ], his mentor. At the time, the program used a pneumatic artificial heart design by ] that had sustained an animal in the lab for 10 days. Kolff assigned Jarvik to design a new heart that would overcome the problems of the Kwan-Gett heart, eventually culminating with the Jarvik-7 device.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://salempress.com/store/samples/great_lives_from_history_inventors/great_lives_from_history_inventors_jarvik.htm |title=Salem Press |access-date=2010-06-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128030349/http://salempress.com/Store/samples/great_lives_from_history_inventors/great_lives_from_history_inventors_jarvik.htm |archive-date=2010-11-28 }} Great Lives from History: Inventors and Inventions -- Robert Jarvik</ref>
What came to be known as the Jarvik-7 was in fact the final product of the collaboration of many researchers who came before him, and their contributions to this project. ], ventriloquist and much-loved voice and television series character actor, invented the original ]. With the help and advice of Dr. ], Winchell designed an ] and built a prototype. He filed for a patent in 1956, which he received in 1963. Winchell donated his patent to the institution and Jarvik, using many of Winchell’s basic principles, took the device further, culminating with the Jarvik-7.<ref>http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/winchell.html MIT Inventor of the Week Archive</ref> One area of research was conducted at the ], which was later upgraded to the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, a new, independent arm of the hospital, where crucial elements of the fully implantable organs were produced. {{Fact|date=February 2007}}


In 1982, the team carried out an artificial heart implant - the second ever, 13 years after ] and ]'s first in 1969.<ref>Liotta/Cooley "Orthotopic Cardiac Prosthesis for Two-Staged Cardiac Replacement," which appears in Volume 24 (1969) of the American Journal of Cardiology (pp. 723-730).</ref> ] first implanted the Jarvik-7 into retired dentist Barney Clark at the University of Utah on December 1, 1982. Clark required frequent visits to the hospital for the next 112 days, after which he died. During frequent press conferences to update the patient's condition, Jarvik, along with DeVries, briefed the world's media on Clark's condition. The next several implantations of the Jarvik-7 heart were conducted by ], a large health care ] company. The second patient, ], survived 620 days.<ref></ref> In 1983, Jarvik and DeVries received the Golden Plate Award of the ].<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref>


In 2006, Jarvik began appearing in television commercials for ]'s ] medication ]. Two members of Congress, as part of their campaign against celebrity endorsements, began an investigation as to whether his television advertisements constitute medical advice given without a license to practice medicine. One commercial depicted Jarvik ], he did not row himself, and a ] was used.<ref>"Congress questions Jarvik's credentials in celebrity ad" The State, January 8, 2008. http://www.thestate.com/nation/story/278107.html{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Later, Jarvik said that he had not taken Lipitor until becoming a spokesman for the company.<ref>American Medical Association Journal of Ethics
Jarvik would work jointly with Kolff on the Jarvik-7 artificial heart, a self-contained unit. No better solution was found for transcutaneous transmission of energy than surgical tunnelling of two 3 cm pneumatic tubes. The control apparatus was shopping-cart sized. Thus, a patient with a Jarvik-7 had very restricted mobility, even if other problems such as embolism and infection were adequately controlled. Patients still required medication &mdash; heavy ] as well as other drugs and treatments. Additionally, Jarvik was noted for a key contribution to the heart which involved using ultra thin membranes stacked to form a diaphragmatic surface with a graphite lubricant intermittently placed between the membranes. This increased the longevity of the diaphgragmatic material, which acted to compress the heart pump which was a stumbling block in the development of the device at the time.{{Fact|date=October 2007}}
October 2010, Volume 12, Number 10: 818-823</ref> On February 25, 2008, Pfizer announced that it would discontinue its ads with Jarvik.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bazell|first1=Robert|title=Is this celebrity doctor's TV ad right for you?|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16039753/#.V9-p9JMrKV4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203211016/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16039753/#.V9-p9JMrKV4|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 3, 2013|work=NBC News|date=1 March 2007}}</ref>


==Personal life==
Dr. ] first implanted the Jarvik-7, into retired dentist Barney Clark, at the University of Utah on December 2, 1982. During frequent press conferences to update the patient's condition, Jarvik, along with the head surgeon Dr. William DeVries, briefed the world’s media on Clark’s condition. The next several implantations of the Jarvik 7 heart were conducted by ], a large health care ] company. The second patient, Bill Schroeder, survived 620 days. <ref>http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/Apg-Ban/Artificial-Heart.html</ref> Mr. Clark, the first patient was in and out of the hospital before his eventual demise.
Jarvik has been married twice. He has a son and daughter with his first wife, Salt Lake City writer and journalist Elaine Jarvik.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://utahstories.com/2011/11/a-man-enters/|title=A Man Enters|date=2011-11-03|website=Utah Stories|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Gonzales|first=Laurence|url=https://archive.org/details/stillpoint00gonz|url-access=registration|page=|quote=Elaine Levin Jarvik.|title=The Still Point|date=1989|publisher=University of Arkansas Press|isbn=978-1-55728-081-7|language=en}}</ref> In 2011, she and her daughter wrote the play ''A Man Enters'', inspired by Jarvik's absent-father relationship with his children since the couple's divorce.<ref name=":0" />


Jarvik has been married to ] columnist ] since August 23, 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marilynvossavant.com/bio.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507203629/http://www.marilynvossavant.com/bio.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-05-07|title=About Marilyn|access-date=2007-11-03}}</ref>
===Companies===
Later, Jarvik tried forming Symbion, Inc. to manufacture the heart, but he lost the company in a takeover due to his inabilities to focus money acquired by investors in productive development of the device. Dr. Don Olsen would later take over the company and attempt to rescue its demise. Jarvik then founded Jarvik Heart, Inc., and began work to create the Jarvik 2000, a lifetime ventricular assist device.


Contrary to some sources,<ref></ref> Jarvik is not a member of ].<ref>Skousen, Paul B.; Moon, Harold K. (November 1, 2005), , Cedar Fort, p. 39. Archived at ]. Retrieved March 21, 2016.</ref>
===Celebrity===
Jarvik's name came to the forefront since the well-aired 1982 news coverage of the first artificial heart transplant. Starting in ], Jarvik has appeared in television commercials for Pfizer Pharmaceutical's ] medication ]. Two members of Congress began an investigation as to whether his television advertisements constitute medical advice given without a license to practice medicine.<ref>"Congress questions Jarvik's credentials in celebrity ad" The State, January 8, 2008. http://www.thestate.com/nation/story/278107.html</ref>


==References== ==References==
===Inline citations===
<div class="references-small">
{{reflist}}
<references />

</div>
===General references===
*{{Cite news
|pmid = 11265847
|publication-date=Mar 2001
|year=2001
|title=Research and development of an implantable, axial-flow left ventricular assist device: the Jarvik 2000 Heart.
|volume=71
|issue=3 Suppl
|periodical=Ann. Thorac. Surg.
|pages=S125–32; discussion S144–6
|doi = 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02614-X
|last1 = Frazier |first1 = O H
|last2 = Myers |first2 = T J
|last3 = Jarvik |first3 = R K
|last4 = Westaby |first4 = S
|last5 = Pigott |first5 = D W
|last6 = Gregoric |first6 = I D
|last7 = Khan |first7 = T
|last8 = Tamez |first8 = D W
|last9 = Conger |first9 = J L
|last10= Macris | first10 = M P
}}
*{{Cite news
|pmid = 352968
|last1=Jarvik
|first1=R K
|last2=Lawson
|first2=J H
|last3=Olsen
|first3=D B
|last4=Fukumasu
|first4=H
|publication-date=Jan 1978
|year=1978
|title=The beat goes on: status of the artificial heart, 1977.
|volume=1
|issue=1
|periodical=The International Journal of Artificial Organs
|pages=21–7
|last5 = Kolff
|first5 = WJ
}}


==External links== ==External links==
* Official website. * Official website.
* *
* *
* *
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606034945/http://body.aol.com/news/health/article/_a/congress-probes-doctors-role-in-drug-ad/20080207112009990001 |date=2020-06-06 }}

{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 02:04, 8 October 2024

American inventor, creator of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart
Robert Jarvik
BornRobert Koffler Jarvik
(1946-05-11) May 11, 1946 (age 78)
Midland, Michigan, U.S.
Alma materSyracuse University
New York University
Occupation(s)Scientist, researcher
Known forDeveloping the Jarvik-7 artificial heart
Spouses
Elaine Levin ​ ​(m. 1968; div. 1985)​
Marilyn vos Savant ​(m. 1987)​
Children2
RelativesMurray Jarvik (paternal uncle)
Websitehttps://www.jarvikheart.com/

Robert Koffler Jarvik (born May 11, 1946) is an American scientist, researcher, and entrepreneur known for his role in developing the Jarvik-7 artificial heart.

Early life

Robert Jarvik was born in Midland, Michigan, to Norman Eugene Jarvik and Edythe Koffler Jarvik, and raised in Stamford, Connecticut. He is brother to Jonathan Jarvik, a biological-sciences professor at Carnegie Mellon University, as well as the nephew of Murray Jarvik, a pharmacologist who co-invented the nicotine patch. At an early age Jarvik showed interest in mechanics and medicine, which would later influence his work. By the age of 17 he had already obtained five patents for his inventions.

Jarvik is a graduate of Syracuse University. He earned a master's degree in medical engineering from New York University.

After being admitted to the University of Utah School of Medicine, Jarvik completed two years of study, and in 1971 was hired by Willem Johan Kolff, a Dutch-born physician-inventor at the University of Utah, who produced the first dialysis machine, and who was working on other artificial organs, including a heart. Jarvik received his M.D. in 1976 from the University of Utah. Jarvik is a medical scientist - he did not complete a clinical internship or residency and has never been licensed to practice medicine.

Career

Jarvik joined the University of Utah's artificial organs program in 1971, then headed by Willem Johan Kolff, his mentor. At the time, the program used a pneumatic artificial heart design by Clifford Kwan-Gett that had sustained an animal in the lab for 10 days. Kolff assigned Jarvik to design a new heart that would overcome the problems of the Kwan-Gett heart, eventually culminating with the Jarvik-7 device.

In 1982, the team carried out an artificial heart implant - the second ever, 13 years after Domingo Liotta and Denton Cooley's first in 1969. William DeVries first implanted the Jarvik-7 into retired dentist Barney Clark at the University of Utah on December 1, 1982. Clark required frequent visits to the hospital for the next 112 days, after which he died. During frequent press conferences to update the patient's condition, Jarvik, along with DeVries, briefed the world's media on Clark's condition. The next several implantations of the Jarvik-7 heart were conducted by Humana, a large health care insurance company. The second patient, William J. Schroeder, survived 620 days. In 1983, Jarvik and DeVries received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.

In 2006, Jarvik began appearing in television commercials for Pfizer's cholesterol medication Lipitor. Two members of Congress, as part of their campaign against celebrity endorsements, began an investigation as to whether his television advertisements constitute medical advice given without a license to practice medicine. One commercial depicted Jarvik rowing, he did not row himself, and a body double was used. Later, Jarvik said that he had not taken Lipitor until becoming a spokesman for the company. On February 25, 2008, Pfizer announced that it would discontinue its ads with Jarvik.

Personal life

Jarvik has been married twice. He has a son and daughter with his first wife, Salt Lake City writer and journalist Elaine Jarvik. In 2011, she and her daughter wrote the play A Man Enters, inspired by Jarvik's absent-father relationship with his children since the couple's divorce.

Jarvik has been married to Parade magazine columnist Marilyn vos Savant since August 23, 1987.

Contrary to some sources, Jarvik is not a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

References

Inline citations

  1. "Men in the News: A Pair of Skilled Hands to Guide an Artificial Heart: Robert Kiffler Jarvik". Article in The New York Times, 3 December 1982. Retrieved from on 2006-06-23.
  2. University, Carnegie Mellon. "Jonathan W. Jarvik - Biological Sciences - Carnegie Mellon University". www.cmu.edu. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
  3. Maugh II, Thomas (2008-05-14). "Dr. Murray E. Jarvik, 84; UCLA pharmacologist invented nicotine patch". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
  4. "Dr. Murray Jarvik, co-inventor of nicotine patch, dies at 84 in Santa Monica". International Herald Tribune. Associated Press. 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
  5. ^ "Jarvik, Robert Koffler | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
  6. Baumgold, Julie (February 6, 1989). "In the Kingdom of the Brain". New York Magazine. 22 (6): 43.
  7. ^ "Milestones". Rime Magazine, March 2, 2009 p.18
  8. "Men in the News: A Pair of Skilled Hands to Guide an Artificial Heart: Robert Kiffler Jarvik". Article in The New York Times, 3 December 1982. Retrieved from on 2007-05-27.
  9. "Is this celebrity doctor's TV ad right for you?". Article in NBC News, 1 March 2007. Retrieved from on 2007-05-27 - "Kolff quickly assumed the role of Jarvik's mentor and helped him earn an M.D. from the University of Utah in 1976, although Jarvik neither took an internship nor practiced medicine."
  10. "Salem Press". Archived from the original on 2010-11-28. Retrieved 2010-06-14. Great Lives from History: Inventors and Inventions -- Robert Jarvik
  11. Liotta/Cooley "Orthotopic Cardiac Prosthesis for Two-Staged Cardiac Replacement," which appears in Volume 24 (1969) of the American Journal of Cardiology (pp. 723-730).
  12. Artificial Heart – Early developments
  13. "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  14. "Congress questions Jarvik's credentials in celebrity ad" The State, January 8, 2008. http://www.thestate.com/nation/story/278107.html
  15. American Medical Association Journal of Ethics October 2010, Volume 12, Number 10: 818-823
  16. Bazell, Robert (1 March 2007). "Is this celebrity doctor's TV ad right for you?". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013.
  17. ^ "A Man Enters". Utah Stories. 2011-11-03. Retrieved 2020-02-23.
  18. Gonzales, Laurence (1989). The Still Point. University of Arkansas Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-55728-081-7. Elaine Levin Jarvik.
  19. "About Marilyn". Archived from the original on 2006-05-07. Retrieved 2007-11-03.
  20. Brother Paul's Mormon Bathroom Reader
  21. Skousen, Paul B.; Moon, Harold K. (November 1, 2005), Brother Paul's Mormon Bathroon Reader, Cedar Fort, p. 39. Archived at Google Books. Retrieved March 21, 2016.

General references

  • Frazier, O H; Myers, T J; Jarvik, R K; Westaby, S; Pigott, D W; Gregoric, I D; Khan, T; Tamez, D W; Conger, J L; Macris, M P (2001). "Research and development of an implantable, axial-flow left ventricular assist device: the Jarvik 2000 Heart". Ann. Thorac. Surg. Vol. 71, no. 3 Suppl (published Mar 2001). pp. S125–32, discussion S144–6. doi:10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02614-X. PMID 11265847.
  • Jarvik, R K; Lawson, J H; Olsen, D B; Fukumasu, H; Kolff, WJ (1978). "The beat goes on: status of the artificial heart, 1977". The International Journal of Artificial Organs. Vol. 1, no. 1 (published Jan 1978). pp. 21–7. PMID 352968.

External links

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