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{{Short description|Irish republican (1893–1920)}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
⚫ '''Conor Clune''' (] - ] ]) was one of three men (along with ] and ]) killed in controversial circumstances in ] on ], 1920, a day that also saw the killing of a network of British spies by the "]" unit of the ] and the killing of 14 people in ] by ]. <ref name=" Sean O'Mahony ">Sean O'Mahony, ''Death in the Castle: Three murders in Dublin Castle 1920''. 1916/1921 Club</ref>
{{Use Irish English|date=August 2020}}


⚫ '''Conor Clune''' (] '''Conchobhair Mac Clúin''';<ref>MacLysaght, ''Changing Times'' (1978) p. 38.</ref> 26 July 1893 &ndash; 21 November 1920) was one of three men along with ] and ] killed in controversial circumstances in ] on ], 1920, a day that also saw the killing of a network of British intelligence agents by the "]" unit of the ] and the killing of 14 people in ] by the ]. Clune was 27 years old.<ref name="Sean O'Mahony">Seán O'Mahony, ''Death in the Castle: Three murders in Dublin Castle 1920''. 1916/1921 Club<!-- ISSN/ISBN, page(s) needed, if any --></ref>
⚫ ==Early Life==


⚫ ==Early life==
Conor Clune was born in the village of ], the son of John and Bridget Clune (nee Walsh) of Kilkishen. Clune was one of a family of seven boys and three girls. He was educated at the local National School and St. Flannan’s College, Ennis. A ] enthusiast, he also spent some time at Ring Irish College, Colaiste na Rinne, Co. Waterford. <ref name=" Sean O'Mahony "/> From a young age he was active in ] circles, and spoke Irish on every occasion possible. <ref name=" 50th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet "> 50th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet, published in conjunction with the unveiling of a memorial by Club na Sionna, Gaelic League Branch and the people of Quin, with an introduction by Kevin J. Brown.</ref> Clune was born as Cornelius Clune in the village of ] on 26 July 1893, the son of John Clune, a carpenter, and Bridget Walsh from Kilkishen, who had married in 1874.<ref></ref> Clune was one of a family of seven boys and three girls. He was educated at the local National School and St. Flannan's College, Ennis. A ] enthusiast, he also spent some time at Ring Irish College, Colaiste na Rinne, County Waterford.<ref name=" Sean O'Mahony"/> From a young age he was active in ] circles, and spoke Irish on every occasion possible.<ref name="50th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet">50th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet, published in conjunction with the unveiling of a memorial by Club na Sionna, Gaelic League Branch and the people of Quin, with an introduction by Kevin J. Brown.</ref>

==The Irish Volunteers==


==Involvement in nationalist organisations==
Clune was at one time a member of the ], the military organisation led by ] that resulted from the 1914 split in the ].<ref>MacLysaght, ''Changing Times'' (1978) p. 99</ref> He does not appear to have been a member of the Irish Volunteers, although the commemorative plaque in Dublin Castle refers to him as "Volunteer Conor Clune" (see picture). However, he was devoted to the ] and was involved with the ].<ref name="MacLysaght, 1978 p. 98">MacLysaght, ''Changing Times'' (1978) p. 98</ref>


==Edward MacLysaght== ==Edward MacLysaght==
Following a period during which he worked in Dublin he applied for and was appointed Manager at the seed and plant nursery owned by ] at Raheen, Tuamgraney, about ten miles from Quin. It was with MacLysaght, an intelligence officer with the IRA that he travelled to Dublin on the morning of Saturday, November 20, 1920. <ref name=" Sean O'Mahony "/> Following a period during which he worked in Dublin, he applied for and was appointed Manager at the seed and plant nursery owned by ] at Raheen, Tuamgraney, about ten miles from Quin. It was with MacLysaght that he travelled to Dublin on the morning of Saturday, 20 November 1920, bringing with him the books of the Raheen Co-op for its annual audit.<ref name="MacLysaght, 1978 p. 98"/>


==Vaughan’s Hotel== ==Vaughan's Hotel==
They arrived in Dublin that Saturday evening. Clune told Mr. MacLysaght that he was to meet an Irish language enthusiast, John O'Connell. While there, Clune met ],<ref>{{cite book|last=James Joseph|first=Gleeson|title=Bloody Sunday|year=1962|publisher=Four Square Books|pages=172|isbn=9787470000044|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g6hnAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> a member of ], Director of Publicity and then Editor of ''An t-Óglach''. They parted company, after arranging to meet on the following day.
]]]
They arrived in Dublin that Saturday evening. Clune told Mr MacLysaght that he was to meet ], a member of ], Director of Publicity and then Editor of ''An t-Óglach'' and another Gaelic League enthusiast that evening. They parted company, after arranging to meet on the following day. Also on Saturday evening, ], along with members of the GHQ staff of the ], met at 35 Lower ], Dublin.


The meeting was called to discuss the final arrangements for what would be the route of the British secret service, with the elimination of the ] the following morning. Having concluded their business, the meeting dispersed, ], Clancy, McKee and some of the others went to Vaughan’s Hotel ],then the rendezvous for many of the leaders of the IRA. <ref name="T. Ryle Dwyer"/> Also on Saturday evening, ], along with members of the GHQ staff of the ], met at 35 Lower ], Dublin. The meeting was called to discuss the final arrangements for what would be the route of the British secret service, with the elimination of the ] the following morning. Having concluded their business, the meeting dispersed, ], Clancy, McKee and some of the others went to Vaughan's Hotel (present-day ]), then the rendezvous for many of the leaders of the IRA.<ref>Dwyer, T. Ryle, ''The Squad'' (2005) pp. 168—70</ref>


It was at this time that Clune, accompanied by Sean O’Connell, went to Vaughan’s. Beaslaí was upstairs with Brigadier ], ], ] when word was brought to Beaslaí that Conor Clune from Clare was there to meet him. <ref name="50th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet"/> It was at this time that Clune, accompanied by Seán O'Connell, went to Vaughan's. Beaslaí was upstairs with Brigadier ], Michael Collins, ] when word was brought to Beaslaí that Conor Clune from Clare was there to meet him.<ref name="50th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet"/>


While in the hotel, the porter, Christy Harte, became suspicious of one of the guests, a Mr Edwards. Edwards had made a late-night telephone call, and then left the hotel. Harte informed the Volunteers, who then quickly left the building. Beaslaí, who was familiar with the Hotel’s surroundings escaped with the other senior Volunteers including ]. While in the hotel, the porter, Christy Harte, became suspicious of one of the guests, a Mr Edwards, who had made a late-night telephone call, and then left the hotel. Harte informed the Volunteers, who quickly left the building. Beaslaí, who was familiar with the Hotel's surroundings escaped with the other senior volunteers including Michael Collins.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}


Clune was arrested in the raid which soon followed by British Auxiliaries. <ref name=" Sean O'Mahony "/> <ref name="50th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet"/> Clune was the only one arrested at Vaughan’s that night as he was not registered as a guest. This, according to Seán Kavanagh a member of the "]", would ultimately cost him his life. Clancy and McKee would also be arrested in the early hours of the morning in another part of the city, though the ] assassination plan was already in motion, for the next day. <ref name="T. Ryle Dwyer"> T. Ryle Dwyer, ''The Squad'', Mercier Press, Cork, 2005, ISBN 1 85635 469 5.</ref> Clune was arrested in the raid which soon followed by British Auxiliaries.<ref name="Sean O'Mahony"/><ref name="50th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet"/> Clune was the only one arrested at Vaughan's that night as he was not registered as a guest. This, according to Seán Kavanagh, a member of the "]", would ultimately cost him his life. Clancy and McKee would also be arrested in the early hours of the morning in another part of the city, though the ] assassination plan was already in motion, for the next day.<ref>Dwyer, T. Ryle, ''The Squad'' (2005) p. 170</ref>


==Dublin Castle== ==Dublin Castle==
⚫ Having been arrested, the three men were taken to the old detective office in the Exchange Court. According to T. Ryle Dwyer, the room was being used as a kind of guardroom, and was furnished with some beds, tables and some stores, which included a box of hand grenades<ref>Dwyer, T. Ryle, ''The Squad'' (2005) p. 192</ref> Brigadier General ], head of the British Secret Service in Ireland and two ] officers, Captain Hardy and Captain King, were the British personnel who interrogated Clune, Clancy, and McKee.<ref name="Sean O'Mahony"/>
]]]
⚫ Having been arrested, the three men were taken to the old detective office in the Exchange Court. According to T. Ryle Dwyer, the room was being used as a kind of guardroom, and was furnished with some beds, tables and some stores, which included a box of hand grenades.<ref name="T. Ryle Dwyer"/>


⚫ A republican prisoner, V J. Young, in custody at the time in the Castle is certain that Clune was killed in error for Seán Fitzpatrick, the man arrested with McKee and Clancy at Fitzpatrick's home in ]. Clune and Fitzpatrick he says were of similar build and both were wearing brown suits. Young overheard two Auxiliary officers disputing the identity of one of the prisoners. One said, "That’s him" while another said" no, its him" as they looked at just Fitzpatrick and Clune.<ref name="Sean O'Mahony"/>
Brigadier General ] head of the British Secret Service in Ireland and two ] officers, Captain Hardy and Captain King, were the British personnel who interrogated Clune, Clancy, and McKee.<ref name=" Sean O'Mahony "/>


⚫ According to T. Ryle Dwyer, the prisoners "supposedly" got hold of the hand grenades and threw them. One of the sentries testified that himself and a colleague heard a noise behind them and noticed that two of the prisoners had thrown the grenades at them. They dived for cover behind some mattresses, but the grenades did not detonate. One of the prisoners was also said to have got hold of a rifle according to one of the guards, which he levelled and fired at the guard commander as he entered the room, but missed. The prisoner then turned the rifle and fired another shot at another guard. The guard said he then fired at the prisoner, and the prisoner dropped, and that the guard commander also fired at the prisoner.<ref name="Dwyer193">Dwyer, T. Ryle, ''The Squad'' (2005), p. 193</ref>
⚫ A Republican prisoner, V J. Young, who was in custody at the time in the Castle is certain that Clune was killed in error for Sean Fitzpatrick the man arrested with McKee and Clancy at Fitzpatrick’s home in Gloucester St. Clune and Fitzpatrick he says were of similar build and both were wearing brown suits. Young overheard two Auxiliary officers disputing the identity of one of the prisoners. One said, “That’s him” while another said” no, its him” as they looked at just Fitzpatrick and Clune. <ref name=" Sean O'Mahony "/>


⚫ The guard commander said, on hearing a noise, entered the room, and "the prisoner McKee fired at me", and that McKee then turned and fired at the sentry. The guard commander also claimed to have dropped McKee. He then said he saw Clancy with a shovel, and that Clancy was attempting to strike another guard. One of the guards (who had dived behind the mattresses) then fired at Clancy and he fell.
⚫ According to T. Ryle Dwyer, the prisoners "supposedly" got hold of the hand grenades and threw them. One of the sentries testified that himself and a colleague heard a noise behind them and noticed that two of the prisoners had thrown the grenades at them. They dived for cover behind some mattresses, but the grenades did not detonate. One of the prisoners was also said to have got hold of a rifle according to one of the guards, which he levelled and fired at the guard commander as he entered the room, but missed. The prisoner then turned the rifle and fired another shot at another guard. The guard said he then fired at the prisoner, and the prisoner dropped, and that the guard commander also fired at the prisoner. <ref name="T. Ryle Dwyer"/>
⚫ ] above the door of the guard room at Dublin Castle.]]
⚫ The guard commander said, on hearing a noise, entered the room, and "the prisoner McKee fired at me", and that McKee then turned and fired at the sentry. The guard commander also claimed to have dropped McKee. He then said he saw Clancy with a shovel, and that Clancy was attempting to strike another guard. One of the guards (who had dived behind the mattresses) then fired at Clancy and he fell.
⚫ A fourth witness was to tell much the same story.<ref name="Dwyer193"/>
⚫ ] above the door of the guard room at Dublin Castle.]]
⚫ A fourth witness was to tell much the same story.<ref name="T. Ryle Dwyer"/>


According to Sean O'Mahony, they were tortured in the guardroom in order to extort from them the names of the Volunteers who had earlier that morning shot the fourteen members of the ]. Refusing to talk, they were "subsequently murdered" on the evening of ] ].<ref name=" Sean O'Mahony "/><ref name="Daniel McCarthy">Daniel McCarthy, "A Clare Patriot," address delivered to the the Peadar Clancy Festival., subsequently published in The Clare Association Yearbook 2002</ref> According to author Seán O'Mahony, the three were tortured in the guardroom to extort from them the names of the volunteers who had earlier that morning shot dead most of the "]". Refusing to talk, they were "subsequently murdered" on the evening of 21 November 1920.<ref name="Sean O'Mahony"/><ref name="Daniel McCarthy">McCarthy, Daniel. "A Clare Patriot", address delivered to the Peadar Clancy Festival, subsequently published in The Clare Association Yearbook 2002</ref>
The condition of their bodies when returned by the British authorities to their families supports this assertion.<ref name=" Sean O'Mahony "/><ref name="Daniel McCarthy"/> There were extensive signs of discolouring, which seemed to indicate extensive bruising. The army doctor claimed that large staining could occur, and this would depend on the way the bodies had been lying. He also said that Clancy had been hit with up to five bullets, which made eight wounds; Dick McKee had three wounds caused by two bullets. He said McKee had no bayonet wounds, but there was a bullet lodged underneath his skin on the right of his chest. Clune, he said, had nine wounds caused by seven bullets. T. Ryle Dwyer also states that ] was adamant that they had not been bayoneted.<ref name="T. Ryle Dwyer"/> The condition of their bodies when returned by the British authorities to their families supports this assertion.<ref name="Sean O'Mahony"/><ref name="Daniel McCarthy"/> Medical examinations of the three bodies revealed broken bones and abrasions consistent with prolonged assaults and bullet wounds to the head and bodies.<ref> O'Halpin, Eunan & Ó Corráin, Daithí (2020), ''The Dead of the Irish Revolution''. Yale University Press, pg 233.</ref> There were extensive signs of discolouring. A military doctor claimed that large staining could occur, and this would depend on the way the bodies had been lying. He also said that Clancy had been hit with up to five bullets, which made eight wounds; Dick McKee had three wounds caused by two bullets. He said McKee had no bayonet wounds, but there was a bullet lodged underneath his skin on the right of his chest. Clune, he said, had nine wounds caused by seven bullets. T. Ryle Dwyer also states that ] was adamant that they had not been bayoneted.<ref name="Dwyer193"/>


His employer Edward McLysaght took charge of the body when the authorities released it. He had the body medically examined. The examination proved that Clune was shot 13 times in the chest. Clune’s body was brought home to Co. Clare for burial. His coffin was draped with the tricolour but when a British Officer objected to it, Canon Slattery the presiding priest complied and removed the national flag. He is buried in Quin Abbey near his ancestors, Clune was 27 years of age. <ref name=" Sean O'Mahony "/> His employer Edward McLysaght took charge of the body when the authorities released it. He had the body medically examined. The examination proved that Clune was shot 13 times in the chest. Clune's body was brought home to Co. Clare for burial. His coffin was draped with the ], but when a British officer objected to it, Canon Slattery, the presiding priest, complied and removed it. He is buried in Quin Abbey near his ancestors.<ref name=" Sean O'Mahony"/> A book titled ''Death in the Castle: Three murders in Dublin Castle 1920'', written by Sean O'Mahony, and published by ] records both the life and deaths of the three Republicans.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

There is a road in Dublin, close to the ] called Conor Clune Road and another called Clune Road in Finglas.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}


==References== ==References==
* Dwyer, T. Ryle, ''The Squad'', Mercier Press, Cork, 2005, {{ISBN|1-85635-469-5}}
{{reflist}}
* MacLysaght, Edward, ''Changing Times: Ireland Since 1898''. Colin Smythe, 1978. {{ISBN|0-901072-88-5}}

{{Authority control}}


{{BD-SORT|1888|1920|Clune, Connor}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Clune, Connor}}
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Latest revision as of 06:45, 13 April 2024

Irish republican (1893–1920)

Conor Clune (Irish name Conchobhair Mac Clúin; 26 July 1893 – 21 November 1920) was one of three men along with Dick McKee and Peadar Clancy killed in controversial circumstances in Dublin Castle on Bloody Sunday, 1920, a day that also saw the killing of a network of British intelligence agents by the "Squad" unit of the Irish Republican Army and the killing of 14 people in Croke Park by the Royal Irish Constabulary. Clune was 27 years old.

Early life

Clune was born as Cornelius Clune in the village of Quin, County Clare on 26 July 1893, the son of John Clune, a carpenter, and Bridget Walsh from Kilkishen, who had married in 1874. Clune was one of a family of seven boys and three girls. He was educated at the local National School and St. Flannan's College, Ennis. A Gaelic League enthusiast, he also spent some time at Ring Irish College, Colaiste na Rinne, County Waterford. From a young age he was active in Gaelic League circles, and spoke Irish on every occasion possible.

Involvement in nationalist organisations

Clune was at one time a member of the National Volunteers, the military organisation led by John Redmond that resulted from the 1914 split in the Irish Volunteers. He does not appear to have been a member of the Irish Volunteers, although the commemorative plaque in Dublin Castle refers to him as "Volunteer Conor Clune" (see picture). However, he was devoted to the Irish language and was involved with the Gaelic League.

Edward MacLysaght

Following a period during which he worked in Dublin, he applied for and was appointed Manager at the seed and plant nursery owned by Edward MacLysaght at Raheen, Tuamgraney, about ten miles from Quin. It was with MacLysaght that he travelled to Dublin on the morning of Saturday, 20 November 1920, bringing with him the books of the Raheen Co-op for its annual audit.

Vaughan's Hotel

They arrived in Dublin that Saturday evening. Clune told Mr. MacLysaght that he was to meet an Irish language enthusiast, John O'Connell. While there, Clune met Piaras Béaslaí, a member of Dáil Éireann, Director of Publicity and then Editor of An t-Óglach. They parted company, after arranging to meet on the following day.

Also on Saturday evening, Peadar Clancy, along with members of the GHQ staff of the Irish Republican Army, met at 35 Lower Gardiner Street, Dublin. The meeting was called to discuss the final arrangements for what would be the route of the British secret service, with the elimination of the Cairo Gang the following morning. Having concluded their business, the meeting dispersed, Michael Collins, Clancy, McKee and some of the others went to Vaughan's Hotel (present-day Parnell Square), then the rendezvous for many of the leaders of the IRA.

It was at this time that Clune, accompanied by Seán O'Connell, went to Vaughan's. Beaslaí was upstairs with Brigadier Dick McKee, Michael Collins, Peadar Clancy when word was brought to Beaslaí that Conor Clune from Clare was there to meet him.

While in the hotel, the porter, Christy Harte, became suspicious of one of the guests, a Mr Edwards, who had made a late-night telephone call, and then left the hotel. Harte informed the Volunteers, who quickly left the building. Beaslaí, who was familiar with the Hotel's surroundings escaped with the other senior volunteers including Michael Collins.

Clune was arrested in the raid which soon followed by British Auxiliaries. Clune was the only one arrested at Vaughan's that night as he was not registered as a guest. This, according to Seán Kavanagh, a member of the "Squad", would ultimately cost him his life. Clancy and McKee would also be arrested in the early hours of the morning in another part of the city, though the Cairo Gang assassination plan was already in motion, for the next day.

Dublin Castle

Having been arrested, the three men were taken to the old detective office in the Exchange Court. According to T. Ryle Dwyer, the room was being used as a kind of guardroom, and was furnished with some beds, tables and some stores, which included a box of hand grenades Brigadier General Ormonde Winter, head of the British Secret Service in Ireland and two Auxiliary Division officers, Captain Hardy and Captain King, were the British personnel who interrogated Clune, Clancy, and McKee.

A republican prisoner, V J. Young, in custody at the time in the Castle is certain that Clune was killed in error for Seán Fitzpatrick, the man arrested with McKee and Clancy at Fitzpatrick's home in Gloucester Street. Clune and Fitzpatrick he says were of similar build and both were wearing brown suits. Young overheard two Auxiliary officers disputing the identity of one of the prisoners. One said, "That’s him" while another said" no, its him" as they looked at just Fitzpatrick and Clune.

According to T. Ryle Dwyer, the prisoners "supposedly" got hold of the hand grenades and threw them. One of the sentries testified that himself and a colleague heard a noise behind them and noticed that two of the prisoners had thrown the grenades at them. They dived for cover behind some mattresses, but the grenades did not detonate. One of the prisoners was also said to have got hold of a rifle according to one of the guards, which he levelled and fired at the guard commander as he entered the room, but missed. The prisoner then turned the rifle and fired another shot at another guard. The guard said he then fired at the prisoner, and the prisoner dropped, and that the guard commander also fired at the prisoner.

The guard commander said, on hearing a noise, entered the room, and "the prisoner McKee fired at me", and that McKee then turned and fired at the sentry. The guard commander also claimed to have dropped McKee. He then said he saw Clancy with a shovel, and that Clancy was attempting to strike another guard. One of the guards (who had dived behind the mattresses) then fired at Clancy and he fell.

Commemorative plaque in memory of the three Volunteers, erected by the National Graves Association above the door of the guard room at Dublin Castle.

A fourth witness was to tell much the same story.

According to author Seán O'Mahony, the three were tortured in the guardroom to extort from them the names of the volunteers who had earlier that morning shot dead most of the "Cairo Gang". Refusing to talk, they were "subsequently murdered" on the evening of 21 November 1920.

The condition of their bodies when returned by the British authorities to their families supports this assertion. Medical examinations of the three bodies revealed broken bones and abrasions consistent with prolonged assaults and bullet wounds to the head and bodies. There were extensive signs of discolouring. A military doctor claimed that large staining could occur, and this would depend on the way the bodies had been lying. He also said that Clancy had been hit with up to five bullets, which made eight wounds; Dick McKee had three wounds caused by two bullets. He said McKee had no bayonet wounds, but there was a bullet lodged underneath his skin on the right of his chest. Clune, he said, had nine wounds caused by seven bullets. T. Ryle Dwyer also states that David Neligan was adamant that they had not been bayoneted.

His employer Edward McLysaght took charge of the body when the authorities released it. He had the body medically examined. The examination proved that Clune was shot 13 times in the chest. Clune's body was brought home to Co. Clare for burial. His coffin was draped with the Irish flag, but when a British officer objected to it, Canon Slattery, the presiding priest, complied and removed it. He is buried in Quin Abbey near his ancestors. A book titled Death in the Castle: Three murders in Dublin Castle 1920, written by Sean O'Mahony, and published by 1916–1921 Club records both the life and deaths of the three Republicans.

There is a road in Dublin, close to the Phoenix Park called Conor Clune Road and another called Clune Road in Finglas.

Notes

  1. MacLysaght, Changing Times (1978) p. 38.
  2. ^ Seán O'Mahony, Death in the Castle: Three murders in Dublin Castle 1920. 1916/1921 Club
  3. Marriage register.
  4. ^ 50th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet, published in conjunction with the unveiling of a memorial by Club na Sionna, Gaelic League Branch and the people of Quin, with an introduction by Kevin J. Brown.
  5. MacLysaght, Changing Times (1978) p. 99
  6. ^ MacLysaght, Changing Times (1978) p. 98
  7. James Joseph, Gleeson (1962). Bloody Sunday. Four Square Books. p. 172. ISBN 9787470000044.
  8. Dwyer, T. Ryle, The Squad (2005) pp. 168—70
  9. Dwyer, T. Ryle, The Squad (2005) p. 170
  10. Dwyer, T. Ryle, The Squad (2005) p. 192
  11. ^ Dwyer, T. Ryle, The Squad (2005), p. 193
  12. ^ McCarthy, Daniel. "A Clare Patriot", address delivered to the Peadar Clancy Festival, subsequently published in The Clare Association Yearbook 2002
  13. O'Halpin, Eunan & Ó Corráin, Daithí (2020), The Dead of the Irish Revolution. Yale University Press, pg 233.

References

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