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{{Short description|Greek Orthodox prelate (1931–2023)}}
'''John Zizioulas''' (born ] ]) is the ] ] of ]. He is the Chairman of the ], and a noted ].
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| name = John Zizioulas
| title = Metropolitan of Pergamon
| image = John Zizioulas at IOCS Westcott House.jpg
| caption = Zizioulas in 2014
| native_name = Ιωάννης Ζηζιούλας
| church = ]
| diocese = ]
| consecration = 22 June 1986
| birth_date = 10 January 1931
| death_date = 2 February 2023 (92 years old)
| birth_place = ], ], Greece
| death_place = ], Greece
| religion = ]
| alma_mater = ], ]
| honorific_prefix = ]
| nationality = ]
| buried = ]
}}


'''John Zizioulas''' ({{langx|el|Ιωάννης Ζηζιούλας}}; 10 January 1931 – 2 February 2023)<ref>{{Cite web|title=enploeditions.gr - Ζηζιούλας Ιωάννης (Mητροπολίτης Περγάμου)|url=https://www.enploeditions.gr/index.php/gr/syggrafeis/thema/154|access-date=18 January 2021|website=www.enploeditions.gr|archive-date=24 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424160415/https://www.enploeditions.gr/index.php/gr/syggrafeis/thema/154|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=(Ο εκ Καταφυγίου) Μητροπολίτης Περγάμου Ιωάννης Ζηζιούλας: 30 χρόνια Αρχιερωσύνη|url=http://www.mikrovalto.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6822:-30-&catid=113:2015-05-26-23-56-11&Itemid=790|access-date=18 January 2021|website=mikrovalto.gr| date=5 May 2016 |language=el-gr}}</ref> was a ] bishop who served as the ] of the ] from 1986 until his death in 2023. He was one of the most influential ] ] of the 20th and 21st centuries.<ref>Cf. e.g. Rowan Williams, 'Eastern Orthodox Theology', in David F. Ford (ed.) ''The Modern Theologians'', 3rd edn. (Oxford: ], 2005, pp. 572-88.</ref>
==Bibliography==
His major works are Being as Communion (1985, DLT) and the more recent Communion and Otherness (2006, T & T Clark). A dogmatics is on its way. Also recently published was The Theology of John Zizioulas edited by Douglas Knight (2007, Ashgate).


==Academic Education and Career== ==Early life and career==
Metropolitan John was born in ], ]. His education began with study at the Universities of Thessaloniki and Athens in 1950, and then a year at the ] in 1955. Between 1960 and 1964 Zizioulas did doctoral research under the Eastern Orthodox theologian<ref>Cf. Rowan Williams, 'Eastern Orthodox Theology', in Ford (ed.) ''The Modern Theologians'', pp. 572-88.</ref> ] (1893-1979; Chair of Eastern Church History at Harvard and a member of the Russian Orthodox Church) and was a Fellow at Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies.<ref>Cf. John Meyendorff, 'Foreword' in ''Being as Communion'' (1985)</ref> He received his doctorate in 1965 from the ].


Metropolitan John's education included a period of study under the noted Orthodox theologian ]. He received his doctorate in 1965 from the ]. Somewhat later, Zizioulas taught theology at the ] for a period. Following this, he moved to the ], where he held a personal chair in systematic theology for some fourteen years. In addition, Zizioulas has been a Visiting Professor at the Research Institute in Systematic Theology of ]. Zizioulas took up a post at the University of Athens in 1964 as assistant professor of Church history, and then six years later, worked as professor of patristics at the ] from 1970 until 1973. He moved to the ] where he held a personal chair in systematic theology for some fourteen years. In addition, Zizioulas also was a visiting professor at the Research Institute in Systematic Theology of ]. In 1986, he was elected titular metropolitan of Pergamon. In the same year, he assumed a full-time academic post at ]'s School of Theology as professor of dogmatics. In 1993 he was elected a member of the ], serving as its chairman in 2002.


==Theology== == Honors ==
Zizioulas held honorary doctorates from the ], the ], ], the ], ] (2010),<ref>https://</ref> ] (2015),<ref></ref> ] (2019).<ref></ref> He also was elected an Honorary Member of the Volos Academy for Theological Studies (2011).


In 2003, the President of Greece awarded him the ], In 2007 he was awarded the ]. In 2019 President of Ukraine awarded him the ]
The theological work of Metropolitan John has focused upon the twin themes of ] and theological ]. The theology of Metropolitan John reflects the influence of Russian émigré theologians such as ], ] and his teacher ]. Zizioulas has also been significantly influenced by the ascetical theology of ], founder of the ] in ], ].


===Ecclesiology=== ==Death==
Zizioulas died from ] in ], on 2 February 2023, at the age of 92.<ref>{{cite news |title=Εκοιμήθη ο Μητροπολίτης Γέρων Περγάμου Ιωάννης |url=https://www.orthodoxianewsagency.gr/patriarxeia/oikomeniko_patriarxio/ekatakto-ekoimithi-o-mitropolitis-pergamou-ioannis/ |access-date=2 February 2023 |publisher=Othodoxia News Agency |date=2 February 2023}}</ref>


==Theology==
Zizioulas' ecclesiology was first developed in his doctoral dissertation, subsequently published in English as . Here Metropolitan John develops critically the ] of ]. He accepts Afanassief's principal contention that the Church is to be understood in terms of the Eucharist. However, he criticises Afanassief's understanding as overly congregational and insufficiently episcopal in its emphasis. Finally, Zizioulas advocates an episcopocentric understanding of Church structure, understanding the Bishop primarily as the president of the ] and the Eucharistic community.
The theological work of Metropolitan John has focused upon the twin themes of ] and theological ]. The theology of Metropolitan John reflects the influence of Russian émigré theologians such as ], ] and his teacher ]. Zizioulas has also been significantly influenced by the ascetical theology of ],<ref>{{cite book|title=I Love, Therefore I Am: The Theological Legacy of Archimandrite Sophrony|author=Nicholas V. Sakharov|year=2002|publisher=St Vladimir's Seminary Press|isbn=0-88141-236-8|page=235}}</ref> founder of the ] in ], England.


===Theological Ontology=== ===Ecclesiology===
Zizioulas' ecclesiology was first developed in his doctoral dissertation, subsequently published in English as . Here Metropolitan John develops critically the eucharistic ] of ]. He accepts Afanassieff's principal contention that the Church is to be understood in terms of the Eucharist. However, he criticises Afanassief's understanding as overly congregational and insufficiently episcopal in its emphasis. Finally, Zizioulas advocates an episcopocentric understanding of Church structure, understanding the Bishop primarily as the president of the ] and the Eucharistic community.


===Theological ontology===
He has contributed to the ] of the ], based mostly on the work of ] and ] the Confessor. His seminal work, Being As Communion, was first published in 1985. The primary focus of his work was to develop a correct ] of personhood derived from an extensive investigation of Greek philosphy, patristic era writings and modern rationalist philosophy. He argues that full humanity is achieved only as person so that they may participate (koinonia) in the Trinitarian life of God. However, an essential component of the ] of ] is the ] to self-affirm the participation in relationship. He continues that man initially exists as a biological hypostasis, constrained as to the types of relationships one can have (biological) and to the eventual end of this type of being - death. He makes use of existentialist philosophers and novelists to show that the only type of ontological freedom in the biological hypostasis is the choice to commit suicide. Baptism constitutes an ontological change in the human, making them an ecclesial ], or a ]. This rebirth 'from above' gives new ontological freedom as it is not constrained by the limits of biological existence. Such ecclesial being is eschatological, meaning it is a paradoxical 'now,' but 'not yet.' The completion of this rebirth from above is the day of resurrection when the body will no longer be subject to death.
Zizioulas worked on the ] of the ], appealing to the work of ] and ]. The primary focus of his work was to develop his own ] of personhood derived from an extensive investigation of Greek philosophy, patristic era writings and modern rationalist philosophy.{{citation needed|date=October 2009}}


He argues that full humanity is achieved only as person so that they may participate ('']'') in the Trinitarian life of God. However, an essential component of the ] of ] is the ] to self-affirm the participation in relationship. He continues that man initially exists as a biological hypostasis, constrained as to the types of relationships one can have (biological) and to the eventual end of this type of being - death.
==Influence==


He makes use of existentialist philosophers and novelists, notably the ] ] writer ], to show that the only type of ontological freedom in the biological hypostasis is the choice to commit suicide. He claims that Baptism constitutes an ontological change in the human, making them an ecclesial ], or a ]. This rebirth 'from above' gives new ontological freedom as it is not constrained by the limits of biological existence. Such ecclesial being is eschatological, meaning it is a paradoxical 'now,' but 'not yet.' The completion of this rebirth from above is the day of resurrection when the body will no longer be subject to death.
Zizioulas' theology has especially been accepted among younger generation of ] and ] theologians, such as retired ] ] or bishop ]. Zizioulas' views, in regard to the ] ] and its creative capacities, have been further developed by ] ] and implemented in understanding ] and ]. According to this ], ] and ], Zizioulas is "the most prominent ] theologian, whose thought goes hand in hand with theology of the (Early ]) ]."


] ] of ], presents the encyclical ] at the ] in Rome (18 June 2015) ]]
=="Traditionalist" Orthodox Criticisms of Zizioulas==


==Bibliography==
The theology and episcopal activities of Metropolitan John have been heavily criticised within certain branches of Orthodox Christianity. Often such critics style there criticisms as stemming from a "traditionalist" Orthodox viewpoint. For one such example, in which it is claimed that Zizioulas' theology is overly ecumenistic and insufficiently Orthodox, see: Rodoljub Lazic' "Innovatory Theology of Metropolitan Zizioulas" (in Serbian), ATOS - Missionary Center, ] 2002.

==Theological Criticism and Defence==

In his article titled , ] contests the legitimacy of Zizioulas' use of material taken from the ].

] in his article touches the work of Aristotle Papanikolaou, who points to differences between ] and John Zizioulas on the issue of divine ]. Lossky's work is in ] well established and widely accepted as contemporary synthesis of the patristic theology.


===Primary===
Alan Brown, "On the Criticism of 'Being as Communion' in Anglophone Orthodox Theology", in Douglas Knight (ed.) 'The Theology of John Zizioulas: Personhood and the Church' (Ashgate, 2006) defends Zizioulas against several of the polemical rejections of his theological ontology.
*'Ἡ ἑνότης τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ἐν τῇ Θείᾳ Εὐχαριστίᾳ καί τῷ Ἐπισκόπῳ κατά τούς τρεῖς πρώτους αἰώνας."'' ''(En Athi̲nais, 1965). Doctoral Dissertation. Published in French translation as "L' Eucharistie, L'évêque Et L'eglise Durant Les Trois Premiers Siècles." 2nd ed. Translated by Jean-Louis Palierne. (Paris: Desclée De Brouwer, 1994). Published in English translation as "Eucharist, Bishop, Church" (see below).
*''L'Être ecclésial'' (Paris: Labor et Fides, 1981). {{ISBN|978-2-8309-0180-1}}. Published in English translation as "Being as Communion" (see below).
*''H κτίση ως Eυχαριστία, Θεολογική προσέγγιση στο πρόβλημα της οικολογίας'' (Athens: Akritas, 1992). {{ISBN|978-960-7006-98-1}}. This work is based on lectures previously delivered in English. Available in three parts: King's Theological Review vol. 12, no. 1 (1989): 1-5, no. 2 (1989): 41-45, vol. 13, no. 1 (1990): 1-5.
*''Being as Communion: Studies in Personhood and the Church'' (Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1997). {{ISBN|978-0-88141-029-7}}.
*''Eucharist, Bishop, Church: The Unity of the Church in the Divine Eucharist and the Bishop During the First Three Centuries (''Brookline, MA: Holy Cross, 2001). {{ISBN|978-1-885652-51-5}}.
*''Eλληνισμός και Xριστιανισμός, η συνάντηση των δύο κόσμων'' (Athens: ApostolikeDiakonia, 2003).
*''Communion & Otherness: Further Studies in Personhood and the Church'' (London: T & T Clark, 2007). {{ISBN|978-0-567-03148-8}}; translated into Dutch by Hildegard C. Koetsveld OSB (Middelburg: Skandalon, 2019). {{ISBN |978-94-92183-82-8}}.
*''Lectures in Christian Dogmatics'' (London: T&T Clark, 2009). {{ISBN|978-0-567-03315-4}}.
*''The One and The Many: Studies on God, Man, the Church, and the World Today'' (Sebastian Press, 2010) {{ISBN|978-0-9719505-4-2}}.
*''Remembering the Future: An Eschatological Ontology'' (London: T&T Clark, 2012). {{ISBN|978-0-567-03235-5}}.


There are extensive bibliographies devoted to Zizioulas’ published works in various languages in:


*McPartlan, Paul. The Eucharist Makes the Church: Henri De Lubac and John Zizioulas in Dialogue. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1993.
*Papanikolaou, Aristotle. Being with God: Trinity, Apophaticism, and Divine-Human Communion. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006.
*Malecki, Roman. Kosciol jako wspolnota. Dogmatyczno-ekumeniczne studium eklezjologii Johna Zizioulasa (In English: The Church as Communion. A Dogmatic and Ecumenical Study of Ecclesiology of John Zizioulas). Lublin: RW KUL, 2000.


===Secondary===
*Alan Brown, "On the Criticism of 'Being as Communion' in Anglophone Orthodox Theology", in Douglas Knight (ed.) ''The Theology of John Zizioulas: Personhood and the Church'' (Ashgate, 2006) defends Zizioulas against several of the ]al rejections of his theological ontology.
* Aristotle Papanikolaou. ''Being with God: Trinity, Apophaticism, and Divine-Human Communion'' (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006).
*Lucian Turcescu, "Person versus Individual and Other Modern Misreadings of Gregory of Nyssa", Modern Theology 18, no. 4 (October 2002): 527-539, is a polemic against Zizioulas' use of the Cappadocian Fathers, especially St Gregory of Nyssa.


==See Also == ==See also==
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ]


== Citations == == Citations ==
{{reflist}}{{commons category|John Zizioulas}}
<references/>


==External links== ==External links==
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* Lectures of Professor John Zizioulas at University of Thessaloniki.
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Latest revision as of 12:18, 7 November 2024

Greek Orthodox prelate (1931–2023)

His Eminence
John Zizioulas
Metropolitan of Pergamon
Zizioulas in 2014
Native nameΙωάννης Ζηζιούλας
ChurchEcumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
DioceseMetropolis of Pergamon
Orders
Consecration22 June 1986
Personal details
Born10 January 1931
Katafygio, Kozani, Greece
Died2 February 2023 (92 years old)
Athens, Greece
BuriedFirst Cemetery of Athens
NationalityGreek
DenominationEastern Orthodox
Alma materUniversity of Thessaloniki, University of Athens

John Zizioulas (Greek: Ιωάννης Ζηζιούλας; 10 January 1931 – 2 February 2023) was a Greek Orthodox bishop who served as the Metropolitan of Pergamon of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople from 1986 until his death in 2023. He was one of the most influential Orthodox Christian theologians of the 20th and 21st centuries.

Early life and career

Metropolitan John was born in Katafygio, Velventos. His education began with study at the Universities of Thessaloniki and Athens in 1950, and then a year at the Ecumenical Institute of Bossey in 1955. Between 1960 and 1964 Zizioulas did doctoral research under the Eastern Orthodox theologian Georges Florovsky (1893-1979; Chair of Eastern Church History at Harvard and a member of the Russian Orthodox Church) and was a Fellow at Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. He received his doctorate in 1965 from the University of Athens.

Zizioulas took up a post at the University of Athens in 1964 as assistant professor of Church history, and then six years later, worked as professor of patristics at the New College, Edinburgh from 1970 until 1973. He moved to the University of Glasgow where he held a personal chair in systematic theology for some fourteen years. In addition, Zizioulas also was a visiting professor at the Research Institute in Systematic Theology of King's College London. In 1986, he was elected titular metropolitan of Pergamon. In the same year, he assumed a full-time academic post at Thessaloniki University's School of Theology as professor of dogmatics. In 1993 he was elected a member of the Academy of Athens, serving as its chairman in 2002.

Honors

Zizioulas held honorary doctorates from the Catholic Institute of Paris, the University of Belgrade, St. Sergius Institute in Paris, the Babeș-Bolyai University, University of Münster (2010), University of Munich (2015), New Georgian University in Poti (2019). He also was elected an Honorary Member of the Volos Academy for Theological Studies (2011).

In 2003, the President of Greece awarded him the Senior Brigadier General of the Order of the Phoenix, In 2007 he was awarded the Lambeth Cross. In 2019 President of Ukraine awarded him the Order of Merit III degree.

Death

Zizioulas died from COVID-19 in Athens, on 2 February 2023, at the age of 92.

Theology

The theological work of Metropolitan John has focused upon the twin themes of ecclesiology and theological ontology. The theology of Metropolitan John reflects the influence of Russian émigré theologians such as Nikolai Afanassieff, Vladimir Lossky and his teacher Georges Florovsky. Zizioulas has also been significantly influenced by the ascetical theology of Archimandrite Sophrony (Sakharov), founder of the Stavropegic Monastery of St John the Baptist in Essex, England.

Ecclesiology

Zizioulas' ecclesiology was first developed in his doctoral dissertation, subsequently published in English as Eucharist, Bishop, Church. Here Metropolitan John develops critically the eucharistic ecclesiology of Nikolai Afanassieff. He accepts Afanassieff's principal contention that the Church is to be understood in terms of the Eucharist. However, he criticises Afanassief's understanding as overly congregational and insufficiently episcopal in its emphasis. Finally, Zizioulas advocates an episcopocentric understanding of Church structure, understanding the Bishop primarily as the president of the Divine Liturgy and the Eucharistic community.

Theological ontology

Zizioulas worked on the theology of the person, appealing to the work of Irenaeus and Maximus the Confessor. The primary focus of his work was to develop his own ontology of personhood derived from an extensive investigation of Greek philosophy, patristic era writings and modern rationalist philosophy.

He argues that full humanity is achieved only as person so that they may participate (koinonia) in the Trinitarian life of God. However, an essential component of the ontology of personhood is the freedom to self-affirm the participation in relationship. He continues that man initially exists as a biological hypostasis, constrained as to the types of relationships one can have (biological) and to the eventual end of this type of being - death.

He makes use of existentialist philosophers and novelists, notably the French absurdist writer Albert Camus, to show that the only type of ontological freedom in the biological hypostasis is the choice to commit suicide. He claims that Baptism constitutes an ontological change in the human, making them an ecclesial hypostasis, or a person. This rebirth 'from above' gives new ontological freedom as it is not constrained by the limits of biological existence. Such ecclesial being is eschatological, meaning it is a paradoxical 'now,' but 'not yet.' The completion of this rebirth from above is the day of resurrection when the body will no longer be subject to death.

John Zizioulas, Eastern Orthodox metropolitan of Pergamon, presents the encyclical Laudato si' at the Press conference in Rome (18 June 2015)

Bibliography

Primary

  • 'Ἡ ἑνότης τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ἐν τῇ Θείᾳ Εὐχαριστίᾳ καί τῷ Ἐπισκόπῳ κατά τούς τρεῖς πρώτους αἰώνας." (En Athi̲nais, 1965). Doctoral Dissertation. Published in French translation as "L' Eucharistie, L'évêque Et L'eglise Durant Les Trois Premiers Siècles." 2nd ed. Translated by Jean-Louis Palierne. (Paris: Desclée De Brouwer, 1994). Published in English translation as "Eucharist, Bishop, Church" (see below).
  • L'Être ecclésial (Paris: Labor et Fides, 1981). ISBN 978-2-8309-0180-1. Published in English translation as "Being as Communion" (see below).
  • H κτίση ως Eυχαριστία, Θεολογική προσέγγιση στο πρόβλημα της οικολογίας (Athens: Akritas, 1992). ISBN 978-960-7006-98-1. This work is based on lectures previously delivered in English. Available in three parts: King's Theological Review vol. 12, no. 1 (1989): 1-5, no. 2 (1989): 41-45, vol. 13, no. 1 (1990): 1-5.
  • Being as Communion: Studies in Personhood and the Church (Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1997). ISBN 978-0-88141-029-7.
  • Eucharist, Bishop, Church: The Unity of the Church in the Divine Eucharist and the Bishop During the First Three Centuries (Brookline, MA: Holy Cross, 2001). ISBN 978-1-885652-51-5.
  • Eλληνισμός και Xριστιανισμός, η συνάντηση των δύο κόσμων (Athens: ApostolikeDiakonia, 2003).
  • Communion & Otherness: Further Studies in Personhood and the Church (London: T & T Clark, 2007). ISBN 978-0-567-03148-8; translated into Dutch by Hildegard C. Koetsveld OSB (Middelburg: Skandalon, 2019). ISBN 978-94-92183-82-8.
  • Lectures in Christian Dogmatics (London: T&T Clark, 2009). ISBN 978-0-567-03315-4.
  • The One and The Many: Studies on God, Man, the Church, and the World Today (Sebastian Press, 2010) ISBN 978-0-9719505-4-2.
  • Remembering the Future: An Eschatological Ontology (London: T&T Clark, 2012). ISBN 978-0-567-03235-5.

There are extensive bibliographies devoted to Zizioulas’ published works in various languages in:

  • McPartlan, Paul. The Eucharist Makes the Church: Henri De Lubac and John Zizioulas in Dialogue. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1993.
  • Papanikolaou, Aristotle. Being with God: Trinity, Apophaticism, and Divine-Human Communion. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006.
  • Malecki, Roman. Kosciol jako wspolnota. Dogmatyczno-ekumeniczne studium eklezjologii Johna Zizioulasa (In English: The Church as Communion. A Dogmatic and Ecumenical Study of Ecclesiology of John Zizioulas). Lublin: RW KUL, 2000.

Secondary

  • Alan Brown, "On the Criticism of 'Being as Communion' in Anglophone Orthodox Theology", in Douglas Knight (ed.) The Theology of John Zizioulas: Personhood and the Church (Ashgate, 2006) defends Zizioulas against several of the polemical rejections of his theological ontology.
  • Aristotle Papanikolaou. Being with God: Trinity, Apophaticism, and Divine-Human Communion (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006).
  • Lucian Turcescu, "Person versus Individual and Other Modern Misreadings of Gregory of Nyssa", Modern Theology 18, no. 4 (October 2002): 527-539, is a polemic against Zizioulas' use of the Cappadocian Fathers, especially St Gregory of Nyssa.

See also

Citations

  1. "enploeditions.gr - Ζηζιούλας Ιωάννης (Mητροπολίτης Περγάμου)". www.enploeditions.gr. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  2. "(Ο εκ Καταφυγίου) Μητροπολίτης Περγάμου Ιωάννης Ζηζιούλας: 30 χρόνια Αρχιερωσύνη". mikrovalto.gr (in Greek). 5 May 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  3. Cf. e.g. Rowan Williams, 'Eastern Orthodox Theology', in David F. Ford (ed.) The Modern Theologians, 3rd edn. (Oxford: Blackwell, 2005, pp. 572-88.
  4. Cf. Rowan Williams, 'Eastern Orthodox Theology', in Ford (ed.) The Modern Theologians, pp. 572-88.
  5. Cf. John Meyendorff, 'Foreword' in Being as Communion (1985)
  6. https://Ehrendoktor für Zizioulas, Julay, 2010.
  7. Metropolit Ioannis Zizioulas wird Ehrendoktor der LMU, July 2015
  8. Metropolitan Ioannis (Zizioulas) of Pergamon was awarded the title of Honorary Doctor by New Georgian University, October 2019
  9. "Εκοιμήθη ο Μητροπολίτης Γέρων Περγάμου Ιωάννης". Othodoxia News Agency. 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  10. Nicholas V. Sakharov (2002). I Love, Therefore I Am: The Theological Legacy of Archimandrite Sophrony. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. 235. ISBN 0-88141-236-8.

External links

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