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{{short description|Bishop in Danzig and Poland}}
'''Edward Aleksander Władysław O'Rourke''' (], ] - ], ]) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest and ] and the first head of the bishopric of Danzig (]). O'Rourke was from an ] family, which had moved to Eastern Europe. He received a widespread European education and learned a number of languages. Of an Irish ancestry, born in what later became ], stateless due to political situation, he took on Polish citizenship in 1939 shortly before his death in 1943.
{{distinguish|text=American ], Bishop of Peoria}}
{{EngvarB|date= June 2023}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| honorific-prefix = His Excellency
| name = Edward Aleksander Wladyslaw O’Rourke
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| title = ]
| image = Bischof Eduard O Rourke Danzig.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| alt =
| caption =
| church = Roman Catholic
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese = ]
| see =
| elected =
| appointed = 2 January 1926
| term = 1926–1938
| term_start = 1926
| quashed =
| term_end = 13 June 1938
| predecessor =
| opposed =
| successor = ]
| other_post = Titular Bishop of Sophene
<!---------- Orders
The Orders section may be omitted in favour of Template:Ordination for those
clergy claiming Apostolic succession, such as Catholics, Orthodox and Anglicans. ---------->
| ordination = 27 October 1907
| ordained_by =
| consecration = 15 December 1918
| consecrated_by = ]
| rank = Bishop
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1876|10|26}}
| birth_place = ], ], ]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1943|01|27|1876|10|26}}
| death_place = ] ]
| buried = ]
| nationality =
| religion =
| residence =
| parents =
| occupation =
| profession =
| previous_post = ] <small>(1918-1920)</small><br />] <small>(1922-1926)</small>
| education =
| alma_mater =
| motto =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
}}
'''Edward O'Rourke''', full name '''Eduard Alexander Ladislaus Graf O'Rourke''' ({{langx|pl|Edward Aleksander Władysław O'Rourke}}; {{langx|lv|Eduards O'Rurke}}; October 26, 1876 &ndash; June 27, 1943) was a Russian-born Roman Catholic priest, ] and the first head of the bishopric of the ] (Gdańsk).


==Early life== ==Early life==
O'Rourke was born October 26, 1876, in ], ], ] (modern-day ]), ], many of them high officers in the Russian military. The most prominent was ]. They held imperial titles of the Russian Empire and of the German ], but also had petitioned to retain the Irish count title as well, which was granted by the Tsar in 1848. His father was Michael Graf O'Rourke and his mother ] Angelika von Bochwitz. He received a broad European education and learnt a number of languages.


O'Rourke was born ], ] in ], ] (modern Belarus), to an aristocratic family of distant Irish ancestry. After graduating from the famous Jesuit college in ] (then Russia, now Ukraine), in ] he went to ], ], where in ] he graduated from the Trade and Mechanics Faculty of the ]. In ] he moved to ], Germany, where he continued his studies at the faculty of law, but the following year he moved to the theological faculty at the ] in ]. After graduating in 1898 from the famous ], then in ], now in ], he went to ], ] to study. In 1903 he graduated from the Trade and Mechanics Faculty of the ]. In 1903 he moved to ], where he continued his studies at the ], faculty of law. The following year O'Rourke moved to the theological faculty at the ] in ].


On October 27, 1908, he was ordained priest in ], now in Lithuania. He became a professor of ecclesiastical history, German and French at the ] of the ] in ]. Between 1912 and 1915, he was parish priest of the multilingual congregation of St. Stanislaus in St. Petersburg.<ref name=bautz></ref>
==Holy orders==
On ], ] he was ordained a priest in ] (Vilnius, Lithuania) and in ] he became the ].


After the ] in Russia, the church decided to re-establish the diocese of Minsk; O'Rourke was appointed as its administrator and the interim head of the ]. He met ] for the first time, the Apostolic Visitor for the Baltic Countries and later Pope ]. Due to the proposed independence of ], in 1918 the ] was established. O'Rourke was appointed ] of ] on the recommendation of Ratti on 29 September 1918.<ref name=bautz/>
==Danzig and Gdańsk==
On ], ], Pope ] nominated O'Rourke to the post of an ''Apostolic Administrator'' of the ]. After the creation of the diocese of Danzig on ], ], O'Rourke became the first ] as its first head. First having a good relationship with the authorities, after 1933 he conflicted with the new local ].
His successor after his death was the ] ].


O'Rourke's position in Riga was problematic as German forces occupied the city in Sept 1917.<ref name=bautz/> By the end of ], the ecclesiastical organisation was largely destroyed, and only a few priests remained. O'Rourke did not speak Latvian but tried to encourage Latvian priests. He resigned after a new government in Latvia was appointed and there was a popular movement calling for an ethnic Latvian bishop. He was released from Riga in April 1920 and named ] of ]<ref>{{cite book | page=148 | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis | url = http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-12-1920-ocr.pdf | date= 1920 | volume = XII }}</ref> He was appointed Apostolic Delegate for the Baltic States. In November 1921 he was also appointed the Pontifical Delegate for Russian refugees in Danzig and ], and in 1928 for Catholic Russians in Germany.<ref name=bautz/>
==Final years==
Finally, under pressure from the Nazi senate in ] he was dismissed to Rome, where he died ], ]. Due to the conflicting political situation he had become stateless and therefore in 1939 he took on Polish citizenship.


==Free City of Danzig==
The ] was split from Germany in 1920. On April 24, 1922, Achille Ratti, then Pope ], nominated O'Rourke to the post of an Apostolic Administrator of the Free City of Danzig, and, on 21 December 1922, as the titular bishop of ].<ref name=Samerski/> After the creation of the ] on December 30, 1925, O'Rourke was appointed as the first ]. He initially established good relations with the authorities (who granted him citizenship on 12 June 1926) and the mostly Protestant population. After the ] took over the area in 1933, he came into conflict with them over their policies.<ref name=Samerski></ref>


He hosted a synod from 10 to 12 December 1935, but growing pressure from the Nazi-majority senate made him resign as bishop of Danzig after he had tried to appoint four additional Polish parish priests.<ref name=Samerski2/>
In ] his ashes were moved to his former bishopric of Danzig, now Gdańsk and buried in a crypt in the ] Cathedral.

On 13 June 1938 he was appointed Titular bishop of ]. He adopted Polish citizenship in December 1938 and was made ] in ]/].
When the ] in September 1939, O'Rourke was on a journey to ]. He traveled via ] and ] to ], where he applied for a Visa to ].<ref name=Samerski2></ref> After going to ], O'Rourke tried to return to his Diocese in Poznań, but his visa application was rejected by the Germans.<ref name=Samerski2/>

O'Rourke died in Rome on June 27, 1943. His successor as Bishop of Danzig (and later ]) was ].

In 1972 O'Rourke's ashes were moved from ] to his former bishopric, now in Poland; they were buried in a crypt in the ] Cathedral.


==Ancestry and relations== ==Ancestry and relations==


* ] (1728 - 1786) * ] (1728–1786)
* ] * ]
* ] (1772 -1849) * ] (1772–1849)
* ] * ]
* ] * ]


==See also==
O'Rourke travelled to Ireland in the 1920s to research his Irish ancestry. He wrote a book “Documents and Materials for the History of the O'Rourke Family.” .
{{Portal bar|Biography|Catholicism|Poland|Politics}}


==External links== == References ==
{{reflist}}
*
*
*
*
*


== Literature ==
*Stefan Samerski: Die Katholische Kirche in der Freien Stadt Danzig 1920–1933. Köln u.a. 1991
*Stefan Samerski (Hrsg.): Das Bistum Danzig in Lebensbildern. Ordinarien, Weihbischöfe, Generalvikare, apostolische Visitatoren 1922/25 bis 2000. (= Religions- und Kulturgeschichte in Ostmittel- und Südosteuropa 3). Münster/Hamburg/London 2003. {{ISBN|3-8258-6284-4}}
*“Documents and Materials for the History of the O'Rourke Family” by Eduard Graf O'Rourke (O'Rourke had travelled to Ireland in the 1920s to research his Irish ancestry)


==External links==
{{Poland-bio-stub}}
*{{BBKL|r/rourke_e|band=8|autor= Stefan Samerski|artikel=O'Rourke, Eduard Graf|spalten=839-843}}
{{RC-bishop-stub}}
*
*
* of ]: citizenship of Bishop O'Rourke form 12 June 1926

{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 08:29, 22 October 2024

Bishop in Danzig and Poland Not to be confused with American Edward William O'Rourke, Bishop of Peoria.

His Excellency
Edward Aleksander Wladyslaw O’Rourke
Bishop of Danzig
ChurchRoman Catholic
DioceseDanzig
Appointed2 January 1926
In office1926–1938
SuccessorCarl Maria Splett
Other post(s)Titular Bishop of Sophene
Previous post(s)Bishop of Riga (1918-1920)
Apostolic Administrator of Danzig (1922-1926)
Orders
Ordination27 October 1907
Consecration15 December 1918
by Jurgis Matulaitis-Matulevičius
RankBishop
Personal details
Born(1876-10-26)October 26, 1876
Basin, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire
DiedJanuary 27, 1943(1943-01-27) (aged 66)
Rome Italy
BuriedOliwa Cathedral

Edward O'Rourke, full name Eduard Alexander Ladislaus Graf O'Rourke (Polish: Edward Aleksander Władysław O'Rourke; Latvian: Eduards O'Rurke; October 26, 1876 – June 27, 1943) was a Russian-born Roman Catholic priest, bishop of Riga and the first head of the bishopric of the Free City of Danzig (Gdańsk).

Early life

O'Rourke was born October 26, 1876, in Basin, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire (modern-day Belarus), to an aristocratic family of Irish ancestry, many of them high officers in the Russian military. The most prominent was Joseph Cornelius O'Rourke. They held imperial titles of the Russian Empire and of the German Holy Roman Empire, but also had petitioned to retain the Irish count title as well, which was granted by the Tsar in 1848. His father was Michael Graf O'Rourke and his mother Baltic-German Angelika von Bochwitz. He received a broad European education and learnt a number of languages.

After graduating in 1898 from the famous Jesuit School in Chyrów, then in Galicia, Austria-Hungary, now in Ukraine, he went to Riga, Latvia to study. In 1903 he graduated from the Trade and Mechanics Faculty of the University of Riga. In 1903 he moved to Freiburg, Switzerland, where he continued his studies at the University of Fribourg, faculty of law. The following year O'Rourke moved to the theological faculty at the University of Innsbruck in Austria-Hungary.

On October 27, 1908, he was ordained priest in Wilno, now in Lithuania. He became a professor of ecclesiastical history, German and French at the Seminary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Minsk-Mohilev in Saint Petersburg. Between 1912 and 1915, he was parish priest of the multilingual congregation of St. Stanislaus in St. Petersburg.

After the February Revolution in Russia, the church decided to re-establish the diocese of Minsk; O'Rourke was appointed as its administrator and the interim head of the Catholic Church in Russia. He met Achille Ratti for the first time, the Apostolic Visitor for the Baltic Countries and later Pope Pius XI. Due to the proposed independence of Latvia, in 1918 the diocese of Riga was established. O'Rourke was appointed bishop of Riga on the recommendation of Ratti on 29 September 1918.

O'Rourke's position in Riga was problematic as German forces occupied the city in Sept 1917. By the end of World War I, the ecclesiastical organisation was largely destroyed, and only a few priests remained. O'Rourke did not speak Latvian but tried to encourage Latvian priests. He resigned after a new government in Latvia was appointed and there was a popular movement calling for an ethnic Latvian bishop. He was released from Riga in April 1920 and named titular bishop of Canea He was appointed Apostolic Delegate for the Baltic States. In November 1921 he was also appointed the Pontifical Delegate for Russian refugees in Danzig and East Prussia, and in 1928 for Catholic Russians in Germany.

Free City of Danzig

The Free City of Danzig was split from Germany in 1920. On April 24, 1922, Achille Ratti, then Pope Pius XI, nominated O'Rourke to the post of an Apostolic Administrator of the Free City of Danzig, and, on 21 December 1922, as the titular bishop of Pergamon. After the creation of the Diocese of Danzig on December 30, 1925, O'Rourke was appointed as the first Bishop of Danzig. He initially established good relations with the authorities (who granted him citizenship on 12 June 1926) and the mostly Protestant population. After the Nazis took over the area in 1933, he came into conflict with them over their policies.

He hosted a synod from 10 to 12 December 1935, but growing pressure from the Nazi-majority senate made him resign as bishop of Danzig after he had tried to appoint four additional Polish parish priests.

On 13 June 1938 he was appointed Titular bishop of Sophene. He adopted Polish citizenship in December 1938 and was made Cathedral Canon in Gniezno/Poznań. When the Germans attacked Poland in September 1939, O'Rourke was on a journey to Estonia. He traveled via Warsaw and Königsberg to Berlin, where he applied for a Visa to Italy. After going to Rome, O'Rourke tried to return to his Diocese in Poznań, but his visa application was rejected by the Germans.

O'Rourke died in Rome on June 27, 1943. His successor as Bishop of Danzig (and later Gdańsk) was Carl Maria Splett.

In 1972 O'Rourke's ashes were moved from Campo Verano to his former bishopric, now in Poland; they were buried in a crypt in the Oliwa Cathedral.

Ancestry and relations

See also

Portals:

References

  1. ^ kirchenlexikon.de
  2. Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. XII. 1920. p. 148.
  3. ^ Stefan Samerski: Das Bistum Danzig in Lebensbildern
  4. ^ Samerski, Ein aussichtsloses Unternehmen

Literature

  • Stefan Samerski: Die Katholische Kirche in der Freien Stadt Danzig 1920–1933. Köln u.a. 1991
  • Stefan Samerski (Hrsg.): Das Bistum Danzig in Lebensbildern. Ordinarien, Weihbischöfe, Generalvikare, apostolische Visitatoren 1922/25 bis 2000. (= Religions- und Kulturgeschichte in Ostmittel- und Südosteuropa 3). Münster/Hamburg/London 2003. ISBN 3-8258-6284-4
  • “Documents and Materials for the History of the O'Rourke Family” by Eduard Graf O'Rourke (O'Rourke had travelled to Ireland in the 1920s to research his Irish ancestry)

External links

Categories: