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{{Infobox country
⚫ {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Maximin's Abbey, Trier}}
|native_name = ''Reichsabtei Sankt Maximin in Trier''
⚫ ]
|conventional_long_name = Imperial Abbey of St Maximin, Trier
⚫ ]
|common_name = Saint Maximin Abbey<!-- used for category sorting, so no apostrophes or abbreviations -->
⚫ '''St. Maximin's Abbey''' ('''Abtei''' or '''Reichsabtei St. Maximin''') was a ] monastery in ] in the ], ].
|
|era = Middle Ages
|status = Imperial Abbey
|empire = Holy Roman Empire
|government_type = Theocracy
|today = ]
|
|year_start =
|year_end = 1669
|life_span = before early 12th century – 1669
|
|event_pre = Founded
|date_pre = 4th century
|event_start = Refounded by<br>{{spaces|4}}]s
|date_start = <br>6th century
|event1 = Refounded after<br>{{spaces|4}}] destruction
|date_event1 = <br>899
|event2 = ]
|date_event2 = before early 12th century
|event3 = Papal immunity confirmed
|date_event3 = 1140
|event4 =
|date_event4 =
|event_end = Surrendered to ]
|date_end =
|event_post = ]
|date_post = 1802
|
|p1 = Electorate of Trier
|image_p1 = ]
|s1 = Electorate of Trier
|image_s1 = ]
|
|image_coat = Wappen Reichsabtei Sankt Maximin.svg
|image_map = St. Paulin und zentral St. Maximin (Stich von Merian) mit Stadtmauer.jpg
⚫ |image_map_caption = St. Maximin's Abbey (centre) with St. Paulinus' church (left) and city wall of Trier. Engraving by Merian, c. 1646
|
|capital = <nowiki>St. Maximin's Abbey</nowiki>
|
|footnotes = <!--- Accepts wikilinks --->
}}
⚫ '''Saint Maximin's Abbey''' ({{langx|de|Reichsabtei St. Maximin}}) was a ] monastery in ] in the ], ].


==History== ==History==
⚫ ]
The abbey, traditionally considered one of the oldest monasteries in western Europe, was held to have been founded by Saint ] in the 4th century. Maximin (d. 346) and other early bishops of Trier were buried in the crypt of the church on the site, an early Christian cemetery, and the church, at first dedicated to Saint ], was later renamed after Maximin. A Benedictine monastery was established here in the 6th century, possibly replacing an earlier community. It was destroyed by the ] in 882<ref>"Nortmanni Treverim cum monasterio sancti Maximini vastantes Galliam cremaverunt", ''Annales S. Maximini Trevirensis'' in ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica'', Scriptorum series, II:213 (noted by Warren Sanderson, "The Early Mediaeval Crypts of Saint Maximin at Trier", ''The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'' '''24'''.4 (December 1965:303-310) p. 304 note 1.</ref> and re-built from 942 to 952. In the 13th century it was destroyed by a fire and re-built again on the plan of the previous buildings.<ref>A detailed account with bibliography is in Sanderson 1965.</ref> The abbey, traditionally considered one of the oldest monasteries in western Europe, was held to have been founded by Saint ] in the 4th century. Maximin (died 346) and other early bishops of Trier were buried in the crypt of the church on the site, an early Christian cemetery, and the church, at first dedicated to Saint ], was later renamed after Maximin. A Benedictine monastery was established here in the 6th century, possibly replacing an earlier community. It was destroyed by the ] in 882<ref>"Nortmanni Treverim cum monasterio sancti Maximini vastantes Galliam cremaverunt", ''Annales S. Maximini Trevirensis'' in ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica'', Scriptorum series, II:213 (noted by Warren Sanderson, "The Early Mediaeval Crypts of Saint Maximin at Trier", ''The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'' '''24'''.4 (December 1965:303-310) p. 304 note 1.</ref> and re-built from 942 to 952. In the 13th century it was destroyed by a fire and re-built again on the plan of the previous buildings.<ref>A detailed account with bibliography is in Sanderson 1965.</ref>


The question of the abbey's ''"]"'' was for centuries a matter of conflict, contested by the ], to whom in 1669 the abbot formally renounced all claim to the status and made submission to the Archbishop in his capacity as ]. ] failed to subject the abbey to ] jurisdiction in the early 12th century, but the question of the abbey's ] ({{langx|de|Reichsunmittelbarkeit}}) was for centuries a matter of conflict, contested by Trier, to whom in 1669 the abbot formally renounced all claim to the status, making submission to the archbishop in his capacity as ].


In 1674 the abbey was completely destroyed by ] troops. It was rebuilt between 1680 and 1684 but, unusually for the period, still in a ] form. In 1674 the abbey was completely destroyed by ] troops. It was rebuilt between 1680 and 1684 but, unusually for the period, still in a ] form.


The abbey was secularised in ]. The monastic buildings were put to various secular uses - barracks, prison, school - and were totally destroyed in ] except for the freestanding gateway. A school stands on the site. The abbey was secularised in 1802. The monastic buildings were put to various secular uses — barracks, prison, school — and were totally destroyed in ] except for the freestanding gateway. A school stands on the site.


The church of St. Maximin survived the war, but was de-consecrated, and between 1979 to 1995 converted to secular uses. In 1995 it opened as a concert hall, now well-known for its exceptional acoustics. The church of Saint Maximin survived the war, but was de-consecrated, and between 1979 and 1995 converted to secular uses. In 1995 it opened as a concert hall, now well known for its exceptional acoustics.


==Burials==
{{reli-struct-stub}}
* ]
{{RhinelandPalatinate-geo-stub}}
* ]

==References==
{{Commons category|St. Maximin (Trier)|St. Maximin's Abbey}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Rhenish College}} {{Rhenish College}}
{{coor title dms|49|45|35|N|6|39|06|E|region:DE-RP_type:landmark}} {{coord|49|45|35|N|6|39|06|E|region:DE-RP_type:landmark|display=title}}

{{Authority control}}

⚫ {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Maximin's Abbey, Trier}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
]

]
]

Latest revision as of 01:50, 12 December 2024

Imperial Abbey of St Maximin, TrierReichsabtei Sankt Maximin in Trier
before early 12th century – 1669
Coat of arms of Saint Maximin Abbey Coat of arms
St. Maximin's Abbey (centre) with St. Paulinus' church (left) and city wall of Trier. Engraving by Merian, c. 1646St. Maximin's Abbey (centre) with St. Paulinus' church (left) and city wall of Trier. Engraving by Merian, c. 1646
StatusImperial Abbey
CapitalSt. Maximin's Abbey
GovernmentTheocracy
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• Founded 4th century
• Refounded by
    Benedictines
6th century
• Refounded after
    Norman destruction
899
• Imperial immediacy before early 12th century
• Papal immunity confirmed 1140
• Surrendered to Trier 1669
• Secularised 1802
Preceded by Succeeded by
Electorate of Trier
Electorate of Trier
Today part ofGermany

Saint Maximin's Abbey (German: Reichsabtei St. Maximin) was a Benedictine monastery in Trier in the Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

History

Saint Maximin's Abbey. Engraving

The abbey, traditionally considered one of the oldest monasteries in western Europe, was held to have been founded by Saint Maximin of Trier in the 4th century. Maximin (died 346) and other early bishops of Trier were buried in the crypt of the church on the site, an early Christian cemetery, and the church, at first dedicated to Saint John the Evangelist, was later renamed after Maximin. A Benedictine monastery was established here in the 6th century, possibly replacing an earlier community. It was destroyed by the Normans in 882 and re-built from 942 to 952. In the 13th century it was destroyed by a fire and re-built again on the plan of the previous buildings.

Albero de Montreuil failed to subject the abbey to Trier's jurisdiction in the early 12th century, but the question of the abbey's Imperial immediacy (German: Reichsunmittelbarkeit) was for centuries a matter of conflict, contested by Trier, to whom in 1669 the abbot formally renounced all claim to the status, making submission to the archbishop in his capacity as Prince-elector.

In 1674 the abbey was completely destroyed by French troops. It was rebuilt between 1680 and 1684 but, unusually for the period, still in a Gothic form.

The abbey was secularised in 1802. The monastic buildings were put to various secular uses — barracks, prison, school — and were totally destroyed in World War II except for the freestanding gateway. A school stands on the site.

The church of Saint Maximin survived the war, but was de-consecrated, and between 1979 and 1995 converted to secular uses. In 1995 it opened as a concert hall, now well known for its exceptional acoustics.

Burials

References

  1. "Nortmanni Treverim cum monasterio sancti Maximini vastantes Galliam cremaverunt", Annales S. Maximini Trevirensis in Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum series, II:213 (noted by Warren Sanderson, "The Early Mediaeval Crypts of Saint Maximin at Trier", The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 24.4 (December 1965:303-310) p. 304 note 1.
  2. A detailed account with bibliography is in Sanderson 1965.
 Holy Roman Empire — Imperial abbeys of the Rhenish College
Imperial abbeys and colleges
(Reichsabteien, Reichsklöster
und Reichsstifte)
Ecclesiastical states of the Holy Roman Empire, 1648
Ecclesiastical states of the Holy Roman Empire, 1648
Imperial provostries and
priories (Reichspropsteien)
Imperial charterhouse
(Reichskartause)
* Also a Prince of the Empire     † Also in Swabian College

49°45′35″N 6°39′06″E / 49.75972°N 6.65167°E / 49.75972; 6.65167

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