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			{{short description\|Slovak outlaw}}
	]. Reads "Janosik, your name will never be lost".]]
			{{Infobox person
	'''Juraj Jánošík''' (modern pronunciation: {{IPA\|/'juraj 'jaːnɔʃiːk/}}), or '''Juro, Jurko Jánošík''' (January 25, 1688 - March 17, 1713; ]: ''Jerzy Janosik'' (modern pronunciation: {{IPA\|/'jɛʒɨ ja'nɔɕik/}}), was a famous ] outlaw, also described as the "Slovak ]".
			\| name = Juraj Jánošík

			\| image = Wladyslaw Skoczylas - Janosik.jpg
	Juraj Jánošík has been topic of many Slovak and ] legends, books and films. According to the legend, he robbed nobles and gave the loot to the poor. The legend were also known in neighboring ], the Margraviate of ] and later spread to the Kingdom of ]. The actual robber had little to do with the modern legend, whose content partly reflects the ubiquitous folk myths of a hero taking from the rich and giving to the poor. However, the legend was also shaped in important ways by the activists and writers in the 19th century when Jánošík became the key ] character in stories that spread in the Slovak counties and among the local ] and Polish tourists in the ] region north of the ]. The image of Jánošík as a symbol of resistance to oppression was reinforced when poems about him became part of the Slovak and Czech middle and high school literature curriculum, and then again with the numerous films that propagated his modern legend in the 20th century. During the anti-Nazi ], one of the partisan groups bore his name.
			\| imagesize = 209px
			\| caption = Wood engraving by ], which reads (in ]), "The name of Janosik will never perish".
			\| birth_date = January 1688
			\| birth_place = ], ]
			\| death_date = 17 March 1713 (aged 25)
			\| death_place = ], ]
			\| death_cause = ]
			\| occupation = soldier, prison guard, highwayman
			\| nationality = ]
			\| other_names = Juro Jánošík, Jurko Jánošík, Jerzy Janosik, Jánosik György
			\| known_for = Slovak folk hero
			}}
			'''Juraj Jánošík''' (first name also '''''Juro''''' or '''''Jurko''''', {{IPA\|sk\|ˈjuraj ˈjaːnɔʃiːk}}; baptised 25 January 1688, died 17 March 1713) was a ] ]. Jánošík has been the main ] of many ] novels, poems, and films. According to the legend, he robbed nobles and gave the loot to the poor, a deed often attributed to the famous ]. The legend is known in neighboring ] (under the name '''''Jerzy Janoszik''''' also '''''Janosik''''', '''''Janiczek''''' or '''''Janicek'''''<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3PVLAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA97\|title = Tygodnik illustrowany: Pismo obejmujące ważniejsze wypadki spółczesne, życiorysy znakomitych ludzi, zabytki i pamiątki krajowe, podróże, powieści i poezye, sprawozdania z dziedziny sztuk pięknych, piśmiennictwa, nauk przyrodniczych, rolnictwa, przemysłu i wynalazków, szkice obyczajowe i humanistyczne, typy ludowe, ubiory i kostiumy, archeologię i.t.d\|year = 1871}}</ref>) and the ] as well as ]. The actual robber had little to do with the modern legend, whose content partly reflects the ubiquitous folk myths of a hero taking from the rich and giving to the poor. However, the legend was also shaped in important ways by the activists and writers in the 19th century when Jánošík became the key highwayman character in stories that spread in the north counties of the ] (much in present-day ]) and among the local ] inhabitants of the ] region north of the ]. The image of Jánošík as a symbol of resistance to oppression was reinforced when poems about him became part of the Slovak and Czech middle and high school literature curriculum, and then again with the numerous films that propagated his modern legend in the 20th century. During the anti-] ], one of the partisan groups bore his name.

	==Biography==		==Biography==
			]
	The actual future ] Juraj Jánošík was probably born shortly before his baptism on ], ]. Another baptismal entry in the records of his parish for a Juraj Jánošík was on ], ]. His parents then would be either Martin Jánošík and Anna Čišníková, or Michal Jánošík and Barbara Cingel. There are also two or three less likely baptismal entries that could relate to this particular ]. His first name, the Slovak for "George," has been one of the very common names all over Europe and his last name is still common around his birthplace.
			Jánošík was born on 25 January 1688, and baptised shortly after. His parents were Martin Jánošík and Anna Čišníková from ]. His godparents were Jakub Merjad and Barbara Krištofíková.

	~~Jánošík was born and most certainly~~ grew up in the village of ] in the ], ~~now~~ in northwestern ]. He fought ~~with~~ the ] insurgents when he was fifteen. After the lost ], Jánošík was recruited by the ] army.<ref></ref> As a young prison ~~officer~~ in ], he helped the imprisoned Tomáš Uhorčík escape. They ~~created~~ a ~~forest robber~~ group and Jánošík became ~~their~~ leader at the age of 23. ~~They~~ ~~were~~ active mostly in northwestern Slovakia, around the ] river between ] and ],<ref></ref> but the territory of their activity extended also to other parts of Slovakia, as well as to Poland and Moravia.<ref></~~ref~~> Most of their victims were rich merchants. Under Jánošík's leadership, the group was exceptionally chivalrous: ~~They~~ did not kill any of the robbed victims and even helped an accidentally injured priest.<ref></~~ref~~> They are also said to ~~share~~ their loot with the poor and this part of the legend may be based on the facts too.<ref></~~ref~~>		He grew up in the village of ] in the ]'s ] area (present-day ] in northwestern ]). He fought alongside the ] insurgents when he was fifteen. After the lost ], Jánošík was recruited by the ] army.<ref name="osobnosti.sk"></ref> In autumn 1710, as a young prison guard in ], he helped the imprisoned {{ill\|Tomáš Uhorčík\|cs}} escape.<ref>Kočiš (1986), p. 47 {{in lang\|sk}}</ref> They formed a highwayman group and Jánošík became its leader at the age of 23, after Uhorčík left to settle in Klenovec.<ref>Kočiš (1986), p. 50 {{in lang\|sk}}</ref> The group was active mostly in northwestern ] (today's Slovakia), around the ] river between ] and ],<ref name="terchova-info.sk"></ref> but the territory of their activity extended also to other parts of today's Slovakia, as well as to Poland and Moravia.<ref name="osobnosti.sk"/> Most of their victims were rich merchants. Under Jánošík's leadership, the group was exceptionally chivalrous: they did not kill any of the robbed victims and even helped an accidentally injured priest.<ref name="terchova-info.sk"/> They are also said to have shared their loot with the poor and this part of the legend may be based on the facts too.<ref name="terchova-info.sk"/>

	Jánošík was captured in ~~the fall of~~ 1712 and detained at the Mansion of ], but was released soon afterwards. He was captured again in spring of 1713, in ~~a pub run by Tomáš~~ Uhorčík~~, living~~ ~~undercover~~ in ] at that time. According to a widespread legend, he was caught after slipping on spilled peas, thrown in his way by a treacherous old lady. Jánošík was imprisoned and tried in ].		Jánošík was captured in ] 1712 and detained at the Mansion of ], but was released soon afterwards.<ref>Kočiš (1986), p. 53 {{in lang\|sk}}</ref> He was captured again in spring of 1713, in the Uhorčík's residence in ] (Klenóc).<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>Kočiš (1986), p. 56 {{in lang\|sk}}</ref> Uhorčík lived there under the false name Martin Mravec at that time. According to a widespread legend, he was caught in a pub run by Tomáš Uhorčík, after slipping on spilled peas, thrown in his way by a treacherous old lady. Jánošík was imprisoned and tried in Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš, (present-day ]).

	His trial took place on ] and ], ] when he was sentenced to death. The date of his execution was not recorded, but it was customary to carry it out as soon as the trial was over. The manner of his execution, not in public awareness until the early 19th century, became part of his modern legend. A hook was pierced through his left side and he was left dangling on the gallows to die. ~~This~~ brutal way of execution was reserved for leaders of robber bands.<ref></~~ref~~> A legend says that he refused the ~~grace~~ offered in exchange for ~~enlisting soldiers of~~ his ~~abilities~~ with the words: "If you have baked me so you should also eat me!" and jumped on the hook.<ref></ref>		His trial took place on 16 and 17 March 1713, when he was sentenced to death. The date of his execution was not recorded, but it was customary to carry it out as soon as the trial was over. The manner of his execution, not in public awareness until the early 19th century, became part of his modern legend. A hook was pierced through his left side and he was left dangling on the gallows to die. The brutal way of execution was reserved for leaders of robber bands.<ref name="terchova-info.sk"/> However, sources diverge about how he was executed, and it is also possible that Jánošík was hanged.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> A legend says that he refused the '']'' offered in exchange for naming his associates with the words: "If you have baked me so you should also eat me!" and jumped on the hook.<ref></ref>

	==Other members of Jánošík's group==		==Other members of Jánošík's group==
	*Vrabel and ~~Huncik~~ (so-called Turiak) from ]		* Vrabel and Hunčiak (also known as Huncaga) (so-called Turiak) from ]
	*Jakub Chliastkov from ]		* Jakub Chliastkov from ]
	*~~Ondas~~ from ]		* Ondráš from ]
	*Ondrej Kindis from ]		* Ondrej Kindis from ]
	*~~Plavcik~~ from ]		* Plavčík from ]
	*Pavol ~~Bernatik~~ from ]		* Pavol Bernatík from ]
	*~~Kovalsky~~ and Bagaj from ]		* Kovalský and Bagaj from ]
	*~~Kovalcik~~, Holubek and ~~Valiciak~~ from ]		* Kovalíček, Holubek and Valíček from ]
	*Gavora, Satora, Oresiak from ]		* Gavora, Satora and Oresiak from ]
	== Aftermath==
	When ] Slovakian Prime-Minister visited to ] in ]
	at ], he gave to his host Jánošík's waistbelt. ] Minister of Defence promoted Jánošík ''highwayman'' posthuomus to the Slovakian army's major 300 years later after his death. ] talked first in ] on the 15 year-old ]'s commemoration that
	his government's main ideal Juraj Jánošík, which seems to be ]'s true confession , self-criticism looking back on the ] cabinet's activities.<ref name="statistics">{{cite web \| title = Bumm.sk - It is not joke ! Jánosik became a Slovakian army's major\| publisher = Netkom kft. \| date = \| url = http://www.bumm.sk/fooldal/1/15992/nem-vicc-juro-janosikot-ornaggya-leptettek-elo.html \| accessdate = 2008-03-029}}</ref>
	== Jánošík in film ==
	* ] '']'' – first ]; financed by Slovak-American Tatra Film Co.; director: ], Jánošík: ]. (Based on this film UNESCO registers Slovakia as the tenth national cinema in the world that began to produce ]s).<ref></ref>
	* ] ''Jánošík'' – ] and Czech film; director: Martin Frič, Jánošík: Paľo Bielik.
	* ] ''Janosik'' – first ] animation; director: Włodzimierz Haupe and Halina Bielińska.
	* ] ''Jánošík I'' and ''II'' – ]; director: Paľo Bielik, Jánošík: František Kuchta.
	* ] ''Janosik'' – ] film; director: ], Jánošík: ].
	* ] '']'' – Polish 13-episode TV series; director: ], Jánošík: ].
	* ] ''] Jurko / Zbojník Jurko'' – Slovak animated film; director: Viktor Kubal.
	* ] ''] Jurošík / Zbojník Jurošík'' – Slovak 28-episode animated TV series; director: Jaroslav Baran.
	* ] unfinished project — ''The True Story of Juraj Jánošík and Tomáš Uhorčík / Pravdivá história o Jurajovi Jánošíkovi a Tomášovi Uhorčíkovi / Prawdziwa historia Janosika i Uhorcika'' – Slovak-Polish-Czech coproduction; director: ] and Kasia Adamik, Jánošík: Václav Jiráček.

	==Jánošík in ~~Literature~~==		==Jánošík in film==
			* 1921 '']'' – first ]; financed by Slovak-American Tatra Film Co.; director: ], Jánošík: ]. (Based on this film UNESCO registers Slovakia as the tenth national cinema in the world that began to produce ]s).<ref></ref>
	* ] Slovak – Anon., "An Excellent Sermon by a Certain Preacher in the Days of the Chief ] Jánošík." ''Staré nowiny liternjho uměnj,'' May 1785.
			* 1935 ''Jánošík'' – ] and Czech film; director: ], Jánošík: ].
	* ] Slovak – ], "Jánošík, the ] of ] County." ''Slowensstj Werssowcy. Collecta revirescunt. Swazek druhý.''
			* 1954 ''Janosik'' – first ] animation; director: ] and ].
	* ] Slovak – ], "Celebrating Slavic Lads." ''] Můza s ljrau Slowanskau.''
			* 1963 ''Jánošík I'' and ''II'' – ]; director: Paľo Bielik, Jánošík: ].
	* ] Slovak ] in German – Johann Csaplovics, "Robbers." ''Gemälde von Ungern.''
			* 1974 ''Janosik'' – ] film; director: ], Janosik: ].
	* ] Slovak ] – ], "Jánošík's Treasure." ''Orol Tatránski.''
			* 1974 '']'' – Polish 13-episode TV series; director: ], Janosik: ].
	* ] Slovak – Ján Botto, "Jánošík's Song." ''Holubica, Zábavník Levočskích Slovákou.''
			* 1976 ''Highwayman Jurko / Zbojník Jurko'' – Slovak animated film; director: ].
	* ] Slovak – ], "Jánošík's Contemplation." ''Orol Tatránski.''
			* 1991 ''Highwayman Jurošík / Zbojník Jurošík'' – Slovak 28-episode animated TV series; director: ].
	* ] ], "The Death of Jánošík. A Romance." ''Lipa.'' — A key poem in Slovak literature and culture.
			* 2009 ''] / Jánošík. Pravdivá história / Janosik. Prawdziwa historia'' – Slovak-Polish-Czech coproduction; director: ] and ], Janosik: ].
	* ] Slovak ] – ], ''Jánošík's Dinner. A Play in Four Acts With an Historical Background.'' A supplement to the journal ''Sokol.''
	* ] Hungarian – "Jánosik and a Snitch." ''Nyitramegyei Szemle.''
	* ] Polish – August Wrześniowski, "A Story About Janosik." ''Pamięci Towarzystwa ].''
	* ] Czech – ], "About Jánošík." ''Staré pověsti české.''
	* ] American in Slovak – ], ''Jánošík, the Lad of Freedom: A Legend of Times Gone By.''
	* ] American in Slovak – ], ''Jánošík, Captain of Mountain Lads – His Tumultuous Life and Horrific Death. A Novel.'' — A source of the screeenplay for the 1921 Slovak film ].
	* ] American – ], ''Janosik.''
	* ] Polish – ], "The Legend of Janosik's Death." ''Poezje.''
	* ] Czech – ], ''Jánošík.'' — A play, a source of the screeenplay for the 1921 Slovak film ].
	* ] Slovak – Ján Hrušovský, "Jánošík." ''Slovenská politika.'' — Narrative newspaper strips published later as a novel.
	* ] Polish – Stanisław Ryszard Dobrowolski, ''Janosik of ].''
	* ] Slovak – Mária Rázusová-Martáková, ''Jánošík: A Rhymed Play in Five Acts.''
	* ] Polish – Stanisław Nedza-Kubiniec, ''Janosik: A Poem About the ] who Wanted to Make the World Equal.''
	* ] Slovak – Mária Rázusová-Martáková, ''Tales about Jánošík.''
	* ] Polish – Jalu Kurek, ''Janosik...''
	* ] German – Käthe Altwallstädt, "Janosik and the Students." ''Die blaue Rose: Märchen aus Polen.''
	* ] Polish – ], music, and ], lyrics, ''Painted on Glass.'' — A musical whose Bratislava production had the longest run in the history of Slovak theater.
	* ] Slovak – ], ''Jááánošííík.'' — A spoof and the Slovak play with the longest run.
	* ] Polish – Tadeusz Kwiatkowski, ''Janosik.'' — A ].
	* ] Serbian in Slovak – Štefan Gráf, ''Jur Jánošiak.'' — Parallel publication in ] (]) and ] (]).
	* ] Polish – Viera Gašparíková and Teresa Komorowska, ''] Bounty. Polish and Slovak Tales from the ].''
	* ] Slovak – ], ''Jánošík According to Vivaldi.'' — A spoof play.
	* ] Slovak – ], ''A Ballad of Jur Jánošík.''
	* ] Slovak – ], ''Jánošík's Tear.''
	* ] Polish – Andrzej Kijowski, ''About A Good Commander and Ironcald Champion.''
	* ] American – John H. Hausner, ''"Jánošík, We Remember!" And Other Poems.''
	* ] Ukrainian in Polish – Василь Iванович Сави, ''Яносик, польська народна казка.'' — A picture book.
	* ] Slovak – Anton Marec, ''Jánošík, Jánošík... (33 Legends About the Famous ] Commander.)''
	* ] Polish – Sebastian Miernicki, ''] i Janosik.''

			==Jánošík in literature==
	==References==
			* 1785 Slovak – Anon., "An Excellent Sermon by a Certain Preacher in the Days of the Chief ] Jánošík." ''Staré nowiny liternjho uměnj,'' May 1785.
			* 1809 Slovak – ], "Jánošík, the ] of ] County." ''Slowensstj Werssowcy. Collecta revirescunt. Swazek druhý.''
			* 1814 Slovak – ], "Celebrating Slavic Lads." ''] Můza s ljrau Slowanskau.''
			* 1829 Slovak ] in German – Johann Csaplovics, "Robbers." ''Gemälde von Ungern.''
			* 1845 Slovak ] – ], "Jánošík's Treasure." ''Orol Tatránski.''
			* 1846 Slovak – Ján Botto, "Jánošík's Song." ''Holubica, Zábavník Levočskích Slovákou.''
			* 1846 Slovak – ], "Jánošík's Contemplation." ''Orol Tatránski.''
			* 1862 ], "The Death of Jánošík. A Romance." ''Lipa.'' — A key poem in Slovak literature and culture.
			* 1867 Slovak ] – ], ''Jánošík's Dinner. A Play in Four Acts With an Historical Background.'' A supplement to the journal ''Sokol.''
			* 1875 Hungarian – "Jánosik and a Snitch." ''Nyitramegyei Szemle.''
			* 1884 Polish – ], "A Story About Janosik." ''Pamięci Towarzystwa ].''
			* 1884 Czech – ], "About Jánošík." ''Staré pověsti české.''
			* 1893 American in Slovak – ], ''Jánošík, the Lad of Freedom: A Legend of Times Gone By.''
			* 1894 American in Slovak – ], ''Jánošík, Captain of Mountain Lads – His Tumultuous Life and Horrific Death. A Novel.'' — A source of the screenplay for the 1921 Slovak film ].
			* 1900 American – ], ''Janosik.''
			* 1910 Czech – ], ''Jánošík.'' — A play, a source of the screenplay for the 1921 Slovak film ].
			* 1933 Slovak – Ján Hrušovský, "Jánošík." ''Slovenská politika.'' — Narrative newspaper strips published later as a novel.
			* 1943 Slovak – Mária Rázusová-Martáková, ''Jánošík: A Rhymed Play in Five Acts.''
			* 1947 Polish – ], ''Janosik: A Poem About the ] who Wanted to Make the World Equal.''
			* 1955 Slovak – Mária Rázusová-Martáková, ''Tales about Jánošík.''
			* 1958 Polish – ], ''Janosik...''
			* 1964 German – Käthe Altwallstädt, "Janosik and the Students." ''Die blaue Rose: Märchen aus Polen.''
			* 1969 Polish – ], music, and ], lyrics, ''Painted on Glass.'' — A musical whose Bratislava production had the longest run in the history of Slovak theater.
			* 1970 Slovak – ], ''Jááánošííík.'' — A spoof and the Slovak play with the longest run.
			* 1972 Polish – ], ''Janosik.'' — A ].
			* 1972 Serbian in Slovak – Štefan Gráf, ''Jur Jánošiak.'' — Parallel publication in ] (]) and ] (]).
			* 1979 Slovak – ], ''Jánošík According to Vivaldi.'' — A spoof play.
			* 1980 Slovak – ], ''A Ballad of Jur Jánošík.''
			* 1980 Slovak – ], ''Jánošík's Tear.''
			* 1985 American – John H. Hausner, ''"Jánošík, We Remember!" And Other Poems.''
			* 1993 Ukrainian in Polish – Василь Іванович Сави, ''Яносик, польська народна казка.'' — A picture book.
			* 1994 Slovak – Anton Marec, ''Jánošík, Jánošík... (33 Legends About the Famous ] Commander.)''
			* 2018 American in English; "Odysseus Ascendant", one of the stealthy rogue class destroyers featured prominently is named the Jánošík and captained by a native Slovak.

			==Jánošík in other media==

			* 2020 ''Janosik'' – a free, retro-styled, action-platformer Metroidvania video game.
			* 2024 ''Janosik 2'' – a non-free sequel to the 2020 video game.

			==See also==
			*] - an English semi-legendary character
			*] - a Slavic title given to a commander of mountains footpad units.
			==Notes==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

			==References==
			* {{cite book \|title=Neznámy Jánošík \|last=Kočiš \|first=Jozef \|year=1986 \|publisher=Vydavatel´stvo Osveta \|location=Martin \|language=sk}} - contains also list of published literature, German, French, Russian and Hungarian résumé.
			* {{cite book \|title=Juraj Jánošík, hrdina protifeudálného odboja slovenského l´udu \|last=Melicherčík \|first=Andrej \|year=1963 \|location=Martin \|language=sk}}

	==External links==		==External links==
	*http://www.iarelative.com/history/janosik.htm		* , The Slovak Robin Hood In the Light of Documentary Evidence and Popular Legend
			*{{in lang\|sk}}
			*{{in lang\|sk}}
			{{See also\|Jánošík}}

			{{Authority control}}

			{{commons category\|Juraj Jánošík}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Janosik, Juraj}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Janosik, Juraj}}
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Latest revision as of 00:23, 13 December 2024

Slovak outlaw

Juraj Jánošík
Wood engraving by Władysław Skoczylas, which reads (in Polish), "The name of Janosik will never perish".
Born	January 1688 Terchová, Slovakia
Died	17 March 1713 (aged 25) Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia
Cause of death	Execution
Nationality	Slovak
Other names	Juro Jánošík, Jurko Jánošík, Jerzy Janosik, Jánosik György
Occupation(s)	soldier, prison guard, highwayman
Known for	Slovak folk hero

Juraj Jánošík (first name also Juro or Jurko, Slovak pronunciation: [ˈjuraj ˈjaːnɔʃiːk]; baptised 25 January 1688, died 17 March 1713) was a Slovak highwayman. Jánošík has been the main character of many Slovak novels, poems, and films. According to the legend, he robbed nobles and gave the loot to the poor, a deed often attributed to the famous Robin Hood. The legend is known in neighboring Poland (under the name Jerzy Janoszik also Janosik, Janiczek or Janicek) and the Czech Republic as well as Slovakia. The actual robber had little to do with the modern legend, whose content partly reflects the ubiquitous folk myths of a hero taking from the rich and giving to the poor. However, the legend was also shaped in important ways by the activists and writers in the 19th century when Jánošík became the key highwayman character in stories that spread in the north counties of the Kingdom of Hungary (much in present-day Slovakia) and among the local Gorals inhabitants of the Podhale region north of the Tatras. The image of Jánošík as a symbol of resistance to oppression was reinforced when poems about him became part of the Slovak and Czech middle and high school literature curriculum, and then again with the numerous films that propagated his modern legend in the 20th century. During the anti-Nazi Slovak National Uprising, one of the partisan groups bore his name.

Biography

The page No. 39 of the protocol from the trial with Juraj Jánošík. It is archived under the title *Fassio Janosikiana, anno 1713 die 16 mensis Martii*. Jánošík is called here *"agili Georgius Janošík Tyarchoviensis latronum et praedorum antesignatus"* - cautious (or agile) Juro Jánošík from the Ťarchová, the chief of the thieves and outlaws.

Jánošík was born on 25 January 1688, and baptised shortly after. His parents were Martin Jánošík and Anna Čišníková from Terchová. His godparents were Jakub Merjad and Barbara Krištofíková.

He grew up in the village of Terchová in the Habsburg monarchy's Kingdom of Hungary area (present-day Žilina District in northwestern Slovakia). He fought alongside the Kuruc insurgents when he was fifteen. After the lost Battle of Trenčín, Jánošík was recruited by the Habsburg army. In autumn 1710, as a young prison guard in Bytča, he helped the imprisoned Tomáš Uhorčík [cs] escape. They formed a highwayman group and Jánošík became its leader at the age of 23, after Uhorčík left to settle in Klenovec. The group was active mostly in northwestern Kingdom of Hungary (today's Slovakia), around the Váh river between Važec and Východná, but the territory of their activity extended also to other parts of today's Slovakia, as well as to Poland and Moravia. Most of their victims were rich merchants. Under Jánošík's leadership, the group was exceptionally chivalrous: they did not kill any of the robbed victims and even helped an accidentally injured priest. They are also said to have shared their loot with the poor and this part of the legend may be based on the facts too.

Jánošík was captured in autumn 1712 and detained at the Mansion of Hrachovo, but was released soon afterwards. He was captured again in spring of 1713, in the Uhorčík's residence in Klenovec (Klenóc). Uhorčík lived there under the false name Martin Mravec at that time. According to a widespread legend, he was caught in a pub run by Tomáš Uhorčík, after slipping on spilled peas, thrown in his way by a treacherous old lady. Jánošík was imprisoned and tried in Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš, (present-day Liptovský Mikuláš).

His trial took place on 16 and 17 March 1713, when he was sentenced to death. The date of his execution was not recorded, but it was customary to carry it out as soon as the trial was over. The manner of his execution, not in public awareness until the early 19th century, became part of his modern legend. A hook was pierced through his left side and he was left dangling on the gallows to die. The brutal way of execution was reserved for leaders of robber bands. However, sources diverge about how he was executed, and it is also possible that Jánošík was hanged. A legend says that he refused the coup de grâce offered in exchange for naming his associates with the words: "If you have baked me so you should also eat me!" and jumped on the hook.

Other members of Jánošík's group

Vrabel and Hunčiak (also known as Huncaga) (so-called Turiak) from Staškov
Jakub Chliastkov from Oščadnica
Ondráš from Dlhá nad Kysucou
Ondrej Kindis from Dlhé Pole
Plavčík from Dunajov
Pavol Bernatík from Nová Bystrica
Kovalský and Bagaj from Raková
Kovalíček, Holubek and Valíček from Moravia
Gavora, Satora and Oresiak from Poland

Jánošík in film

1921 Jánošík – first Slovak feature film; financed by Slovak-American Tatra Film Co.; director: Jaroslav Jerry Siakeľ, Jánošík: Theodor Pištěk. (Based on this film UNESCO registers Slovakia as the tenth national cinema in the world that began to produce feature films).
1935 Jánošík – Slovak and Czech film; director: Martin Frič, Jánošík: Paľo Bielik.
1954 Janosik – first Polish animation; director: Włodzimierz Haupe and Halina Bielińska.
1963 Jánošík I and II – Slovak film; director: Paľo Bielik, Jánošík: František Kuchta.
1974 Janosik – Polish film; director: Jerzy Passendorfer, Janosik: Marek Perepeczko.
1974 Janosik – Polish 13-episode TV series; director: Jerzy Passendorfer, Janosik: Marek Perepeczko.
1976 Highwayman Jurko / Zbojník Jurko – Slovak animated film; director: Viktor Kubal.
1991 Highwayman Jurošík / Zbojník Jurošík – Slovak 28-episode animated TV series; director: Jaroslav Baran.
2009 Janosik: A True Story / Jánošík. Pravdivá história / Janosik. Prawdziwa historia – Slovak-Polish-Czech coproduction; director: Agnieszka Holland and Katarzyna Adamik, Janosik: Václav Jiráček.

Jánošík in literature

1785 Slovak – Anon., "An Excellent Sermon by a Certain Preacher in the Days of the Chief Highwayman Jánošík." Staré nowiny liternjho uměnj, May 1785.
1809 Slovak – Bohuslav Tablic, "Jánošík, the Highwayman of Liptov County." Slowensstj Werssowcy. Collecta revirescunt. Swazek druhý.
1814 Slovak – Pavol Jozef Šafárik, "Celebrating Slavic Lads." Tatranská Můza s ljrau Slowanskau.
1829 Slovak lower nobleman in German – Johann Csaplovics, "Robbers." Gemälde von Ungern.
1845 Slovak lower nobleman – Štefan Marko Daxner, "Jánošík's Treasure." Orol Tatránski.
1846 Slovak – Ján Botto, "Jánošík's Song." Holubica, Zábavník Levočskích Slovákou.
1846 Slovak – Samo Chalupka, "Jánošík's Contemplation." Orol Tatránski.
1862 Ján Botto, "The Death of Jánošík. A Romance." Lipa. — A key poem in Slovak literature and culture.
1867 Slovak lower nobleman – Jonáš Záborský, Jánošík's Dinner. A Play in Four Acts With an Historical Background. A supplement to the journal Sokol.
1875 Hungarian – "Jánosik and a Snitch." Nyitramegyei Szemle.
1884 Polish – August Wrześniowski, "A Story About Janosik." Pamięci Towarzystwa Tatrzańskiego.
1884 Czech – Alois Jirásek, "About Jánošík." Staré pověsti české.
1893 American in Slovak – Dobrý Slovák, Jánošík, the Lad of Freedom: A Legend of Times Gone By.
1894 American in Slovak – Gustáv Maršall-Petrovský, Jánošík, Captain of Mountain Lads – His Tumultuous Life and Horrific Death. A Novel. — A source of the screenplay for the 1921 Slovak film Jánošík.
1900 American – George J. Krajsa, Janosik.
1910 Czech – Jiří Mahen, Jánošík. — A play, a source of the screenplay for the 1921 Slovak film Jánošík.
1933 Slovak – Ján Hrušovský, "Jánošík." Slovenská politika. — Narrative newspaper strips published later as a novel.
1943 Slovak – Mária Rázusová-Martáková, Jánošík: A Rhymed Play in Five Acts.
1947 Polish – Stanisław Nędza-Kubiniec, Janosik: A Poem About the Highwayman who Wanted to Make the World Equal.
1955 Slovak – Mária Rázusová-Martáková, Tales about Jánošík.
1958 Polish – Jalu Kurek, Janosik...
1964 German – Käthe Altwallstädt, "Janosik and the Students." Die blaue Rose: Märchen aus Polen.
1969 Polish – Katarzyna Gaertner, music, and Ernest Bryll, lyrics, Painted on Glass. — A musical whose Bratislava production had the longest run in the history of Slovak theater.
1970 Slovak – Stanislav Štepka, Jááánošííík. — A spoof and the Slovak play with the longest run.
1972 Polish – Tadeusz Kwiatkowski, Janosik. — A graphic novel.
1972 Serbian in Slovak – Štefan Gráf, Jur Jánošiak. — Parallel publication in Serbia (Yugoslavia) and Slovakia (Czechoslovakia).
1979 Slovak – Ľubomír Feldek, Jánošík According to Vivaldi. — A spoof play.
1980 Slovak – Margita Figuli, A Ballad of Jur Jánošík.
1980 Slovak – Ladislav Ťažký, Jánošík's Tear.
1985 American – John H. Hausner, "Jánošík, We Remember!" And Other Poems.
1993 Ukrainian in Polish – Василь Іванович Сави, Яносик, польська народна казка. — A picture book.
1994 Slovak – Anton Marec, Jánošík, Jánošík... (33 Legends About the Famous Highwayman Commander.)
2018 American in English; "Odysseus Ascendant", one of the stealthy rogue class destroyers featured prominently is named the Jánošík and captained by a native Slovak.

Jánošík in other media

2020 Janosik – a free, retro-styled, action-platformer Metroidvania video game.
2024 Janosik 2 – a non-free sequel to the 2020 video game.

Notes

"Tygodnik illustrowany: Pismo obejmujące ważniejsze wypadki spółczesne, życiorysy znakomitych ludzi, zabytki i pamiątki krajowe, podróże, powieści i poezye, sprawozdania z dziedziny sztuk pięknych, piśmiennictwa, nauk przyrodniczych, rolnictwa, przemysłu i wynalazków, szkice obyczajowe i humanistyczne, typy ludowe, ubiory i kostiumy, archeologię i.t.d". 1871.
^ "Jaká je pravda o Jánošíkovi a Ilčíkovi?" (in Czech). www.ilcik.cz. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2009.
^ Juraj Jánošík osobnosti.sk | životopisy, diela, tvorba, články, linky
Kočiš (1986), p. 47 (in Slovak)
Kočiš (1986), p. 50 (in Slovak)
^ Odpočíva Jánošík na dne Liptovskej Mary? Aktuality Terchová | terchova-info.sk
Kočiš (1986), p. 53 (in Slovak)
Kočiš (1986), p. 56 (in Slovak)
About Janosik
Martin Votruba, Historical and Cultural Background of Slovak Filmmaking

References

Kočiš, Jozef (1986). Neznámy Jánošík (in Slovak). Martin: Vydavatel´stvo Osveta. - contains also list of published literature, German, French, Russian and Hungarian résumé.
Melicherčík, Andrej (1963). Juraj Jánošík, hrdina protifeudálného odboja slovenského l´udu (in Slovak). Martin.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

External links

Janosik, The Slovak Robin Hood In the Light of Documentary Evidence and Popular Legend
(in Slovak) Jánošík vo filme
(in Slovak) Juraj JÁNOŠÍK