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			{{Short description\|Pump that uses solar energy}}
	A '''solar powered pump''' is a ] running on the ] of the ]. A solar powered pump can be more environmental friendly and ] in its operation compared to pumps powered by an ICE or ] .
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2014}}

			] replaced by a solar-powered pump at a water hole in the ].<ref group="Notes">Note that the pumpshaft has been removed from the ] and it is no longer connected to the ]; instead, the borehole now contains an electric pump powered by the ]s.</ref>]]
			]

			'''Solar-powered pumps''' run on electricity generated by ] (PV) panels or the radiated thermal energy available from collected sunlight as opposed to grid electricity- or diesel-run water pumps.<ref name=McDermott>{{cite book\|last=McDermott\|first=James E. Horne; Maura\|title=The next green revolution : essential steps to a healthy, sustainable agriculture\|year=2001\|publisher=Food Products Press\|location=New York \|isbn=1560228865\|page=\|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781560228868/page/226}}</ref>
			Generally, solar-powered ]s consist of a solar panel array, solar charge controller, DC water pump, fuse box/breakers, electrical wiring, and a water storage tank.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Romain\|date=2021-02-10\|title=Solar Water Pumping (All you need to know)\|url=https://getsolarsavvy.com/solar-water-pumping/\|access-date=2021-02-10\|website=Get Solar Savvy\|language=en-US}}</ref>
			The operation of solar-powered pumps is more economical mainly due to the lower operation and maintenance costs and has less environmental impact than pumps powered by an ]. Solar pumps are useful where grid electricity is unavailable or impractical, and alternative sources (in particular wind) do not provide sufficient energy.

	==Components==		==Components==
			A PV solar-powered pump system has three main parts - one or more ]s, a controller, and a pump. The solar panels make up most (up to 80%) of the system's cost. {{citation needed\|date=May 2019}} The size of the PV system is directly dependent on the size of the pump, the amount of water that is required, and the ] available.
	Unlike a normal pump (such as positive displacement pumps, ...),
	the solar powered pump is actually a more of a dictionary phrase than a technical one.
	It is only used to describe that there's a pump, being powered by another device (such as solar panels), being powered by the sun.

			The purpose of the controller is twofold. Firstly, it matches the output power that the pump receives with the input power available from the solar panels. Secondly, a controller usually provides a low- or high-voltage protection, whereby the system is switched off, if the voltage is too low or too high for the operating voltage range of the pump. This increases the service life of the pump, thus reducing the need for maintenance. Other ancillary functions include automatically shutting down the system when the water source level is low or when the storage tank is full, regulating water output pressure, blending power input between the solar panels and an alternate power source such as the grid or an engine-powered generator, and remotely monitoring and managing the system through an online portal offered as a cloud service by the manufacturer.
	A solar powered pump thus consist of 2 parts :
	* the actual pump
	* the energy source being powered by the sun

			Voltage of the solar pump motors can be ] (AC) or ] (DC). DC motors are used for small to medium applications up to about 4 kW rating, and are suitable for applications such as garden fountains, landscaping, drinking water for livestock, or small irrigation projects. Since DC systems tend to have overall higher efficiency levels than AC pumps of a similar size, the costs are reduced, as smaller solar panels can be used.
	==Solar pump installations==
	Solar PV water pumping systems are used for irrigation and drinking water in ]. The majority of the pumps are fitted with a 200 watt - 3,000 watt motor are powered with 1,800 Wp PV array which can deliver about 140,000 liters of water/day from a total head of 10 meters. By 30th September, 2006, a total of 7,068 solar PV water pumping systems have been installed. <ref name="ecoworld" />

			Finally, if an AC solar pump is used, an ] is necessary to change the DC power from the solar panels into AC for the pump. The supported power range of inverters extends from 0.15 to 55 kW, and can be used for larger irrigation systems. The panel and inverters must be sized accordingly, though, to accommodate the inrush characteristic of an AC motor. To aid in proper sizing, leading manufacturers provide proprietary sizing software tested by third-party certifying companies. The sizing software may include the projected monthly water output, which varies due to seasonal change in insolation.
	==Seniod Solar pump installations Be a Hero against Hunger==
	Solar Pump living is a Mercy action for people

			==Water pumping==
	'''Water is essential for life''', good health and economic development - yet more than one billion people lack access to clean water. Each year, millions are embroiled in conflicts over its scarce availability.
			Solar-powered water pumps can deliver drinking water, water for livestock, or irrigation water.<ref name=McDermott/> Solar water pumps may be especially useful in small-scale or community-based irrigation, as large-scale irrigation requires large volumes of water that in turn require a large ] array.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Hankins \|first=Mark \| title=Solar electric systems for Africa : a guide for planning and installing solar electric systems in rural Africa\|year=1995\|publisher=Commonwealth Science Council\|location=London\|isbn=0850924537\|page=117\|edition=Rev. \| url=https://archive.org/details/solarelectricsys0000hank}}</ref> As the water may only be required during some parts of the year, a large PV array would provide excess energy that is not necessarily required, thus making the system inefficient, unless an alternative use can be found.

			Solar PV water pumping systems are used for irrigation and drinking water in ]. Most of the pumps are fitted with a 2.0 - 3.7 kW motor that receives energy from a 4.8 kW<sub>p</sub> PV array. The 3.7 kW systems can deliver about 124,000 liters of water/day from a total of 50 meters setoff head and 70 meters dynamic head. By 30 August 2016, a total of 120,000 solar PV water pumping systems had been installed around the world.<ref name="ecoworld"> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619165847/http://www.ecoworld.com/home/articles2.cfm?tid=418 \|date=19 June 2008 }}</ref> Energy storage in the form of water storage is better than energy storage in the form of batteries for solar water pumps because no intermediary transformation of one form of energy to another is needed. The most common pump mechanics used are centrifugal pumps, multistage pumps, borehole pumps, and helical pumps. Important scientific concepts of fluid dynamics such as pressure vs. head, pump heads, pump curves, system curves, and net suction head are really important for the successful deployment and design of solar-powered pumps.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.climatetechwiki.org/technology/jiqweb-swp\|title=Solar water pumps {{!}} ClimateTechWiki\|website=www.climatetechwiki.org\|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water/brief/solar-pumping\|title=Solar Water Pumping for Sustainable Water Supply\|website=World Bank\|language=en\|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water/brief/solar-pumping\| title = Solar Water Pumping for Sustainable Water Supply}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \| url=http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/540451475090902951/1-PVP-Literature-review-2015.pdf \| title=Review of solar photovoltaic water pumping system technology for irrigation and community drinking water supplies \| author1=S.S. Chandel \| author2=M. Nagaraju Naik \| author3=Rahul Chandel \| website=pubdocs.worldbank.org \| publisher=] \| year=2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\| title=Solar Pumping - The Basics \| url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/880931517231654485/pdf/123018-WP-P159391-PUBLIC.pdf \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504202632/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/880931517231654485/pdf/123018-WP-P159391-PUBLIC.pdf \| archive-date=2019-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|title=Solar Water Pumping Course Transcript\|publisher=Strathmore Energy Research Center}}</ref>
	Solar PV water pumping systems are used for irrigation and drinking water in Solar power in where lack of water.] *
	'''Application:'''
	Drinking water supply
	Livestock watering
	Pond Management
	Irrigation
	Fountain
	etc.

			==Oil and gas==
	Characteristics:
			To combat negative publicity related to the environmental impacts of fossil fuels, including ], the oil and gas industry is embracing solar-powered pumping systems.<ref>{{cite journal \|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-11-29/for-fracking-its-getting-easier-being-green \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203054614/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-11-29/for-fracking-its-getting-easier-being-green \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=3 December 2012 \|title=For Fracking, It's Getting Easier Being Green \|first=David \|last=Wethe \|date=29 November 2012 \|journal=Bloomberg Businessweek \|access-date=12 December 2012}}</ref> Many oil and gas wells require the accurate injection (metering) of various chemicals under pressure to sustain their operation and to improve extraction rates. Historically, these chemical injection pumps (CIPs) have been driven by gas reciprocating motors using the pressure of the well's gas, and exhausting the raw gas into the atmosphere. Solar-powered electrical pumps (solar CIPs) can reduce these greenhouse gas emissions. Solar arrays (PV cells) not only provide a sustainable power source for the CIPs, but can also provide an electricity source to run remote SCADA-type diagnostics with remote control and satellite/cell communications from very remote locations to a desktop or notebook monitoring computer.
	High reliability and life expectancy
	Helical rotor or centrifugal pump, brushless motor
	High resistance to sand and corrosion
	Fits 4" and larger well casings

			==Stirling engine==
	540W solar Panels
			Instead of generating electricity to turn a motor, sunlight can be concentrated on the heat exchanger of a ] and used to drive a pump mechanically. This dispenses with the cost of solar panels and electric equipment. In some cases, the Stirling engine may be suitable for local fabrication, eliminating the difficulty of importing equipment. One form of Stirling engine is the ], which operates directly on the pumped fluid as a piston. Fluidyne solar pumps have been studied since 1987.<ref>C. D. West ''Stirling Engines and Irrigation Pumping'', Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL/TM-10475, August 1987</ref> At least one manufacturer has conducted tests with a Stirling solar-powered pump.<ref>{{Cite web \| url=http://www.bsrsolar.com/sv/produkte2_e.html \| title=Solar Water Pump \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129083734/http://www.bsrsolar.com/sv/produkte2_e.html \| archive-date=2016-01-29 \| url-status=usurped}}</ref>
	Lift up to 65m
	Flow rate up to 6.2 m3/h
	<ref name="SENIOD SOLAR" />
	<ref name="solar pump" />
	<ref name="solar pump China" />

			==See also==
	* - commercial site (China company ]).
			{{Portal\|Renewable energy\|Energy}}
⚫	]
⚫	]

			* ]
	==External links==
			* ]
	* - commercial site (Australian company ]).
	* - commercial site (Australian company ]).
	]
	]
	* - commercial site (China company ]).
	]
	]
	]

			==Notes==
			{{Reflist\|group=Notes}}

			==References==
	{{tech-stub}}
			{{Reflist}}

			{{Photovoltaics}}

		⚫	]
		⚫	]
			]

Latest revision as of 13:37, 26 December 2024

Pump that uses solar energy

A windpump replaced by a solar-powered pump at a water hole in the Augrabies Falls National Park.

Solar-powered pumps run on electricity generated by photovoltaic (PV) panels or the radiated thermal energy available from collected sunlight as opposed to grid electricity- or diesel-run water pumps. Generally, solar-powered pumps consist of a solar panel array, solar charge controller, DC water pump, fuse box/breakers, electrical wiring, and a water storage tank. The operation of solar-powered pumps is more economical mainly due to the lower operation and maintenance costs and has less environmental impact than pumps powered by an internal combustion engine. Solar pumps are useful where grid electricity is unavailable or impractical, and alternative sources (in particular wind) do not provide sufficient energy.

Components

A PV solar-powered pump system has three main parts - one or more solar panels, a controller, and a pump. The solar panels make up most (up to 80%) of the system's cost. The size of the PV system is directly dependent on the size of the pump, the amount of water that is required, and the solar irradiance available.

The purpose of the controller is twofold. Firstly, it matches the output power that the pump receives with the input power available from the solar panels. Secondly, a controller usually provides a low- or high-voltage protection, whereby the system is switched off, if the voltage is too low or too high for the operating voltage range of the pump. This increases the service life of the pump, thus reducing the need for maintenance. Other ancillary functions include automatically shutting down the system when the water source level is low or when the storage tank is full, regulating water output pressure, blending power input between the solar panels and an alternate power source such as the grid or an engine-powered generator, and remotely monitoring and managing the system through an online portal offered as a cloud service by the manufacturer.

Voltage of the solar pump motors can be alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). DC motors are used for small to medium applications up to about 4 kW rating, and are suitable for applications such as garden fountains, landscaping, drinking water for livestock, or small irrigation projects. Since DC systems tend to have overall higher efficiency levels than AC pumps of a similar size, the costs are reduced, as smaller solar panels can be used.

Finally, if an AC solar pump is used, an inverter is necessary to change the DC power from the solar panels into AC for the pump. The supported power range of inverters extends from 0.15 to 55 kW, and can be used for larger irrigation systems. The panel and inverters must be sized accordingly, though, to accommodate the inrush characteristic of an AC motor. To aid in proper sizing, leading manufacturers provide proprietary sizing software tested by third-party certifying companies. The sizing software may include the projected monthly water output, which varies due to seasonal change in insolation.

Water pumping

Solar-powered water pumps can deliver drinking water, water for livestock, or irrigation water. Solar water pumps may be especially useful in small-scale or community-based irrigation, as large-scale irrigation requires large volumes of water that in turn require a large solar PV array. As the water may only be required during some parts of the year, a large PV array would provide excess energy that is not necessarily required, thus making the system inefficient, unless an alternative use can be found.

Solar PV water pumping systems are used for irrigation and drinking water in India. Most of the pumps are fitted with a 2.0 - 3.7 kW motor that receives energy from a 4.8 kW_p PV array. The 3.7 kW systems can deliver about 124,000 liters of water/day from a total of 50 meters setoff head and 70 meters dynamic head. By 30 August 2016, a total of 120,000 solar PV water pumping systems had been installed around the world. Energy storage in the form of water storage is better than energy storage in the form of batteries for solar water pumps because no intermediary transformation of one form of energy to another is needed. The most common pump mechanics used are centrifugal pumps, multistage pumps, borehole pumps, and helical pumps. Important scientific concepts of fluid dynamics such as pressure vs. head, pump heads, pump curves, system curves, and net suction head are really important for the successful deployment and design of solar-powered pumps.

Oil and gas

To combat negative publicity related to the environmental impacts of fossil fuels, including fracking, the oil and gas industry is embracing solar-powered pumping systems. Many oil and gas wells require the accurate injection (metering) of various chemicals under pressure to sustain their operation and to improve extraction rates. Historically, these chemical injection pumps (CIPs) have been driven by gas reciprocating motors using the pressure of the well's gas, and exhausting the raw gas into the atmosphere. Solar-powered electrical pumps (solar CIPs) can reduce these greenhouse gas emissions. Solar arrays (PV cells) not only provide a sustainable power source for the CIPs, but can also provide an electricity source to run remote SCADA-type diagnostics with remote control and satellite/cell communications from very remote locations to a desktop or notebook monitoring computer.

Stirling engine

Instead of generating electricity to turn a motor, sunlight can be concentrated on the heat exchanger of a Stirling engine and used to drive a pump mechanically. This dispenses with the cost of solar panels and electric equipment. In some cases, the Stirling engine may be suitable for local fabrication, eliminating the difficulty of importing equipment. One form of Stirling engine is the fluidyne engine, which operates directly on the pumped fluid as a piston. Fluidyne solar pumps have been studied since 1987. At least one manufacturer has conducted tests with a Stirling solar-powered pump.

Notes

Note that the pumpshaft has been removed from the windpump and it is no longer connected to the borehole; instead, the borehole now contains an electric pump powered by the solar panels.

References

^ McDermott, James E. Horne; Maura (2001). The next green revolution : essential steps to a healthy, sustainable agriculture. New York : Food Products Press. p. 226. ISBN 1560228865.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Romain (10 February 2021). "Solar Water Pumping (All you need to know)". Get Solar Savvy. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
Hankins, Mark (1995). Solar electric systems for Africa : a guide for planning and installing solar electric systems in rural Africa (Rev. ed.). London: Commonwealth Science Council. p. 117. ISBN 0850924537.
India's Solar Power GREENING INDIA'S FUTURE ENERGY DEMAND Archived 19 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
"Solar water pumps | ClimateTechWiki". www.climatetechwiki.org. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
"Solar Water Pumping for Sustainable Water Supply". World Bank. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
"Solar Water Pumping for Sustainable Water Supply".
S.S. Chandel; M. Nagaraju Naik; Rahul Chandel (2015). "Review of solar photovoltaic water pumping system technology for irrigation and community drinking water supplies" (PDF). pubdocs.worldbank.org. Worldbank.
"Solar Pumping - The Basics" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2019.
Solar Water Pumping Course Transcript. Strathmore Energy Research Center.
Wethe, David (29 November 2012). "For Fracking, It's Getting Easier Being Green". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
C. D. West Stirling Engines and Irrigation Pumping, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL/TM-10475, August 1987
"Solar Water Pump". Archived from the original on 29 January 2016.

Photovoltaics

Concepts

Technology	Photovoltaics Photoelectric effect Solar irradiance Solar constant Solar cell efficiency Quantum efficiency Nominal power (Watt-peak) Thin-film solar cell Multi-junction solar cell Third-generation photovoltaic cell Solar cell research Thermophotovoltaic Thermodynamic efficiency limit Sun-free photovoltaics Polarizing organic photovoltaics
Materials	List of semiconductor materials Crystalline silicon (c-Si) Polycrystalline silicon (multi-Si) Monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si) Cadmium telluride Copper indium gallium selenide Amorphous silicon (a-Si)
History	Growth of photovoltaics Timeline of solar cells

Photovoltaic
system

Solar cells	Nanocrystal solar cell Organic solar cell Quantum dot solar cell Hybrid solar cell Plasmonic solar cell Carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics Dye-sensitized solar cell Cadmium telluride photovoltaics Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells Printed solar panel Perovskite solar cell Heterojunction solar cell
System components	Solar panel Balance of system Solar charge controller Solar inverter Photovoltaic mounting system Solar tracker Solar shingles Solar mirror Synchronverter
System concepts	Maximum power point tracking Fill factor Concentrated photovoltaics Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector Space-based solar power PV system performance

Applications

Appliances	Solar-powered refrigerator Solar air conditioning Solar lamp Solar charger Solar-powered pump Solar-powered watch Solar Tuki Photovoltaic keyboard Solar road stud Solar-powered calculator Solar-powered radio Solar-powered flashlight Solar-powered fan Solar street light Solar traffic light
Land transport	Solar vehicle Solar car Solar roadway Solar golf cart The Quiet Achiever
Air transport	Electric aircraft Mauro Solar Riser Solar panels on spacecraft Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments Solar One Gossamer Penguin Qinetiq Zephyr Solar Challenger
Water transport	Solar boat
Solar vehicle racing	Solar car racing List of solar car teams Solar challenges World Solar Challenge American Solar Challenge Formula Sun Grand Prix Solar Cup Frisian Solar Challenge Solar Splash South African Solar Challenge Tour de Sol Hunt-Winston School Solar Car Challenge Victorian Model Solar Vehicle Challenge

Generation
systems

PV power station	List of photovoltaic power stations
Building-mounted	Rooftop photovoltaic power station Building-integrated photovoltaics Solar Ark
By country	Australia Belgium Bulgaria Canada Chile China Czech Republic France Germany Greece India Italy Japan Netherlands Romania South Africa Spain Switzerland Thailand United Kingdom US

PV companies

By country	List of countries by photovoltaics production
Individual producers	First Solar Hanwha Q CELLS JA Solar Motech Solar REC Sharp Solar Frontier Solyndra Sungen Solar Sunpower Suntech Trina Solar Yingli Solar

Category
Commons

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