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{{Short description|Type of bridge}}
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{{more citations needed|date=December 2019}}
{{disputed|date=September 2018}}
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{{Infobox bridge type {{Infobox bridge type
|type_name = Beams bridge |type_name = Beam bridge
|image = Small footbridge.jpg |image = SteamAcrossIowaRiver.JPG
|image_title = This footbridge was made from beams and boards obtained from logs from the surrounding forest. |image_title = Multispan plate girder bridge deck on concrete piers.
|sibling_names = None |sibling_names =
|descendent_names = ], ], ], ], ] |descendent_names = ], ], ], ]{{citation needed|reason=please provide a reference which defines or lists siblings, descendants, and ancestors for bridge types. |date=January 2011}}
|ancestor_names = ] |ancestor_names = ]
|carries = ]s, ]s, ]s, ], ] |carries = ]s, ]s, ]s, ], ]
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|material = ], ], ], ], ] |material = ], ], ], ], ]
|movable = No |movable = No
|design = low |design = Low
|falsework = No, unless cast-in place reinforced concrete is used |falsework = No unless cast-in-place reinforced concrete is used
}} }}
'''Beam bridges''' are the simplest structural forms for ]s supported by an ] or ] at each end.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.historyofbridges.com/facts-about-bridges/beam-bridge/ |title=Beam Bridge Facts, History and Design |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=History of bridges |access-date=2019-09-13 }}</ref> No ] are transferred throughout the support, hence their structural type is known as '']''.


The simplest beam bridge could be a log (see ]), a ], or a ] ] (see ]) laid across a stream. Bridges designed for modern ] will usually be constructed of ] or ], or a combination of both. The concrete elements may be ] or ]. Such modern bridges include ], ], and ] bridges, all types of beam bridges.
A '''] ]''' is a direct descendant of the ], now more normally made from shallow steel ], ], ], or ]. It is frequently used in pedestrian bridges and for highway overpasses and flyovers. As is its ancestor, this bridge is in structural terms the simplest of the many bridge types.


Types of construction could include having many ]s side by side with a deck across the top of them, to a main beam either side supporting a deck between them. The main beams could be ]s, ]es, or ]. They could be ], or braced across the top to create a ].
Like most bridges that are characterized by how they are supported, beam bridges consist of one horizontal beam with 2 supports usually on either end.

Decorative beam bridges, commonly built from cedar, pine, and redwood, can span a ] or country creek. These free standing bridges are usually built as functional walkways or just for decoration.

], typical of many beam bridges (the superstructure supports only the ], not the bridge).]]

⚫ {{Bridge footer}}

⚫ ]

{{bridge-type-stub}}

]
]
]
]
]
]


], France.]]
], Germany]]


Since no moments are transferred, ] (as from an ]) cannot be accommodated, leading to innovative designs, such as ]es and ]es, which contain the ] forces within the ].


Beam bridges are not limited to a single ]. Some ]s such as the ] in China have multiple simply supported spans held up by piers. This is opposed to viaducts using ]s over the piers.


Beam bridges are often only used for relatively short distances because, unlike truss bridges, they have no built in supports. The only supports are provided by piers. The further apart its supports, the weaker a beam bridge gets. As a result, beam bridges rarely span more than {{convert|250|ft|-1}}. This does not mean that beam bridges are not used to cross great distances; it only means that a series of beam bridges must be joined together, creating what is known as a continuous span.


==References==
{{Commons category|Beam bridges}}
{{Reflist}}


⚫ {{Bridge footer}}


⚫ ]
POOP
]

Latest revision as of 04:24, 6 December 2024

Type of bridge
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Beam bridge
Multispan plate girder bridge deck on concrete piers.Multispan plate girder bridge deck on concrete piers.
AncestorLog bridge
DescendantBox girder bridge, plate girder bridge, trestle bridge, truss bridge
CarriesPedestrians, automobiles, trucks, light rail, heavy rail
Span rangeShort
MaterialTimber, iron, steel, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete
MovableNo
Design effortLow
Falsework requiredNo unless cast-in-place reinforced concrete is used

Beam bridges are the simplest structural forms for bridge spans supported by an abutment or pier at each end. No moments are transferred throughout the support, hence their structural type is known as simply supported.

The simplest beam bridge could be a log (see log bridge), a wood plank, or a stone slab (see clapper bridge) laid across a stream. Bridges designed for modern infrastructure will usually be constructed of steel or reinforced concrete, or a combination of both. The concrete elements may be reinforced or prestressed. Such modern bridges include girder, plate girder, and box girder bridges, all types of beam bridges.

Types of construction could include having many beams side by side with a deck across the top of them, to a main beam either side supporting a deck between them. The main beams could be I-beams, trusses, or box girders. They could be half-through, or braced across the top to create a through bridge.

A wooden footbridge using beams over a stream in Dordogne, France.
Footbridge with steel construction over Böser Ellbach stream, Black Forest, Germany

Since no moments are transferred, thrust (as from an arch bridge) cannot be accommodated, leading to innovative designs, such as lenticular trusses and bow string arches, which contain the horizontal forces within the superstructure.

Beam bridges are not limited to a single span. Some viaducts such as the Feiyunjiang Bridge in China have multiple simply supported spans held up by piers. This is opposed to viaducts using continuous spans over the piers.

Beam bridges are often only used for relatively short distances because, unlike truss bridges, they have no built in supports. The only supports are provided by piers. The further apart its supports, the weaker a beam bridge gets. As a result, beam bridges rarely span more than 250 feet (80 m). This does not mean that beam bridges are not used to cross great distances; it only means that a series of beam bridges must be joined together, creating what is known as a continuous span.

References

  1. "Beam Bridge Facts, History and Design". History of bridges. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
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