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{{Short description|American journalist and politician (1786–1860)}}
]


{{about||his father, the American journalist, newspaper publisher and political figure|Joseph Gales Sr.}}
'''Joseph Gales, Jr.''' (1786-1860) was an ] ], born in ], ], ]. His father, ] (1760-1841), was a printer in ], who was compelled to emigrate to America in 1793 because of his republican principles.
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Joseph Gales Jr.
|image = joseph gales.jpg
|image caption =
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1786|6|15}}
|birth_place = ], ]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1860|6|21|1786|6|15}}
|death_place = ]
|resting_place= ]
|known_for = Mayor of Washington, D.C., founded ]
|occupation = Printer/publisher/reporter, '']''
|nationality = American
| office = ]
| term_start = June 11, 1827
| term_end = June 14, 1830
| predecessor = ]
| successor = ]
| party = ]
}}
'''Joseph Gales Jr.''' (June 15, 1786 – July 21, 1860) was an American ] and the ninth ], from 1827 to 1830. He was the only Mayor born outside the United States or the American colonies.


==Early life==
The son was educated at the ], followed the trade of his father, and in 1807 settled in ], where he became the assistant and partner of ] in the publication of the '']''. In 1810 Gales became sole proprietor of the journal and made it a triweekly publication, and in 1813, having previously formed a partnership with his ], ], the paper was issued daily and so continued until 1867 (after the deaths of both publishers). Joseph Gales Jr. was born in ], England. His father, ] (1760–1841), was a printer in ], who was compelled to emigrate to America in 1795 because of his republican principles. After living in ] from 1795 to 1799 where the elder Gales transcribed the debates in Congress and owned the ''Independent Gazetteer'', he moved with his family to ]. Gales, Jr. was educated at the ] and in 1807 settled in ], where he became the assistant and partner of ] in the publication of the '']''. In 1810 Gales became sole proprietor of the journal and made it a triweekly publication, and in 1813, having previously formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, ], the paper was issued daily and so continued until 1867 (after the deaths of both publishers).


===Printer===
For many years Gales and Seaton were the official printers to ], and the files of the ''National Intelligencer'', containing a running account of the debates in both Houses, are one of the most valuable sources of ] congressional history for more than a quarter of a century. Under the title of ''Annals of Congress,'' Gales and Seaton published (1834-56, in 42 volumes) the debates in Congress from 1798 to 1824, together with the more important documents and laws, and under the title of ''Register of Debates in Congress'' (29 volumes) continued the publication in similar form to cover the years (1824-37). Gales was long the sole reporter on the ]. <ref></ref> For many years Gales and Seaton were the official printers to ], and the files of the ''National Intelligencer'', containing a running account of the debates in both Houses, are one of the most valuable sources of ] congressional history for more than a quarter of a century. Under the title of ''Annals of Congress,'' Gales and Seaton published (1834–56, in 42 volumes) the debates in Congress from 1798 to 1824, together with the more important documents and laws, and under the title of ''Register of Debates in Congress'' (29 volumes) continued the publication in similar form to cover the years (1824–37). Gales was long the sole reporter on the ].<ref></ref>


===Newspaper publisher===
Gales purchased a large tract of land just outside the ] boundary of Washington, developing it into one of the many estates that ringed the city in its early days. Gales' estate was named ], after the English town of his birth; the land was eventually developed into the modern-day ] of the same name.
He began as a reporter for the '']'' in 1807, Reporting the debates in Congress and went on to become the publisher of the newspaper, which appeared three times a week. He made it a daily paper in 1813, originally with a focus on congressional debates. Increasingly it became a political newspaper, spokesman for the opponents of Jackson and supporters of John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and the Whig Party. In 1851, the Washington ''Daily Globe'' replaced it as the official reporter for Congress, and circulation declined.<ref>William E. Ames, ''A history of the National Intelligencer'' (University of North Carolina Press, 1972)</ref>


===Societies===
⚫ Gales was elected Washington ] in ]. In ] the city council elected him to fill out the term of the resigning ]. He was then elected to his own two-year term in ]. As mayor, he broke ground on the District of Columbia's ]. He also established relief committees for the poor and dispossessed of Washington.<ref></ref>
]
During the 1820s, Gales was a member of the prestigious society, ], who counted among their members former presidents ] and ] and many prominent men of the day, including well-known representatives of the military, government service, medical and other professions.<ref name="rathbun">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MY-5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA118 |title=The Columbian institute for the promotion of arts and sciences: A Washington Society of 1816-1838. |first=Richard |last=Rathbun |access-date=2010-06-20|year=1904 |publisher=Bulletin of the United States National Museum, October 18, 1917}}</ref>


===Mayor of Washington===
⚫ Gales died in ] and was buried in ].
⚫ Gales was elected Washington ] in 1814. In 1827 the city council elected him to fill out the term of the resigning ]. He was then elected to his own two-year term in 1828. As mayor, he broke ground on the District of Columbia's ]. He also established relief committees for the poor and dispossessed of Washington.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704071847/http://www.congressionalcemetery.org/Education/Tours/WalkingTour_Mayors.pdf |date=2007-07-04 }}</ref>
* {{NIE}}


===Later life===
⚫ {{start box}}
In 1830, Gales built a "country mansion" near the old Brentwood Road on 112 acres of land he bought in 1815. He named the estate for his town of birth, Eckington and it became the namesake of Washington, D.C.'s ] neighborhood. The house was sold to George Truesdale, who turned it into a hotel and then, following a fire that nearly destroyed it, into a women's college known as Washington College for Young Ladies. By 1922 it became the Mt. Carmel Retreat House for Women run by the Catholic Church.
⚫ {{succession box | before = ]| title = ] | years = ]&ndash;]| after = ]}}

⚫ {{end box}}
⚫ Gales died on July 21, 1860, and was buried in ].


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Ames, William E. "The National Intelligencer: Washington's Leading Political Newspaper." ''Records of the Columbia Historical Society'' (Washington, D.C., 1966): 71-83.
* Ames, William E. ''A history of the National Intelligencer'' (University of North Carolina Press, 1972)
* Eaton, Clement. "Winifred and Joseph Gales, Liberals in the Old South." ''Journal of Southern History'' 10.4 (1944): 461-474.
* Hunt, Gaillard. "Joseph Gales on the War Manifesto of 1812," ''American Historical Review'' (1908) 13#4 pp 303–10

⚫ {{S-start}}
{{s-off}}
⚫ {{succession box | before = ]| title = ] | years = 1827–1830| after = ]}}
⚫ {{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Gales, Joseph}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gales, Joseph}}
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] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
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Latest revision as of 16:25, 16 November 2024

American journalist and politician (1786–1860) For his father, the American journalist, newspaper publisher and political figure, see Joseph Gales Sr.

Joseph Gales Jr.
9th Mayor of the City of Washington, D.C.
In office
June 11, 1827 – June 14, 1830
Preceded byRoger C. Weightman
Succeeded byJohn Peter Van Ness
Personal details
Born(1786-06-15)June 15, 1786
Eckington, Derbyshire
DiedJune 21, 1860(1860-06-21) (aged 74)
Eckington (Washington, D.C.)
Resting placeCongressional Cemetery
NationalityAmerican
Political partyIndependent
OccupationPrinter/publisher/reporter, National Intelligencer
Known forMayor of Washington, D.C., founded St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square

Joseph Gales Jr. (June 15, 1786 – July 21, 1860) was an American journalist and the ninth mayor of Washington, D.C., from 1827 to 1830. He was the only Mayor born outside the United States or the American colonies.

Early life

Joseph Gales Jr. was born in Eckington, Derbyshire, England. His father, Joseph Gales Sr. (1760–1841), was a printer in Sheffield, who was compelled to emigrate to America in 1795 because of his republican principles. After living in Philadelphia from 1795 to 1799 where the elder Gales transcribed the debates in Congress and owned the Independent Gazetteer, he moved with his family to Raleigh, North Carolina. Gales, Jr. was educated at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and in 1807 settled in Washington, D.C., where he became the assistant and partner of Samuel Harrison Smith in the publication of the National Intelligencer. In 1810 Gales became sole proprietor of the journal and made it a triweekly publication, and in 1813, having previously formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, William Winston Seaton, the paper was issued daily and so continued until 1867 (after the deaths of both publishers).

Printer

For many years Gales and Seaton were the official printers to Congress, and the files of the National Intelligencer, containing a running account of the debates in both Houses, are one of the most valuable sources of United States congressional history for more than a quarter of a century. Under the title of Annals of Congress, Gales and Seaton published (1834–56, in 42 volumes) the debates in Congress from 1798 to 1824, together with the more important documents and laws, and under the title of Register of Debates in Congress (29 volumes) continued the publication in similar form to cover the years (1824–37). Gales was long the sole reporter on the U.S. Senate.

Newspaper publisher

He began as a reporter for the National Intelligencer in 1807, Reporting the debates in Congress and went on to become the publisher of the newspaper, which appeared three times a week. He made it a daily paper in 1813, originally with a focus on congressional debates. Increasingly it became a political newspaper, spokesman for the opponents of Jackson and supporters of John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and the Whig Party. In 1851, the Washington Daily Globe replaced it as the official reporter for Congress, and circulation declined.

Societies

The former Gales School in Washington, D.C., houses the Central Union Mission.

During the 1820s, Gales was a member of the prestigious society, Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences, who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day, including well-known representatives of the military, government service, medical and other professions.

Mayor of Washington

Gales was elected Washington Alderman in 1814. In 1827 the city council elected him to fill out the term of the resigning Roger C. Weightman. He was then elected to his own two-year term in 1828. As mayor, he broke ground on the District of Columbia's C&O Canal. He also established relief committees for the poor and dispossessed of Washington.

Later life

In 1830, Gales built a "country mansion" near the old Brentwood Road on 112 acres of land he bought in 1815. He named the estate for his town of birth, Eckington and it became the namesake of Washington, D.C.'s Eckington neighborhood. The house was sold to George Truesdale, who turned it into a hotel and then, following a fire that nearly destroyed it, into a women's college known as Washington College for Young Ladies. By 1922 it became the Mt. Carmel Retreat House for Women run by the Catholic Church.

Gales died on July 21, 1860, and was buried in Congressional Cemetery.

References

  1. U.S. Senate: Art & History Home > Paintings > Joseph Gales
  2. William E. Ames, A history of the National Intelligencer (University of North Carolina Press, 1972)
  3. Rathbun, Richard (1904). The Columbian institute for the promotion of arts and sciences: A Washington Society of 1816-1838. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, October 18, 1917. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
  4. Belva Lockwood And The 'Way Of The World' Archived 2007-07-04 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

  • Ames, William E. "The National Intelligencer: Washington's Leading Political Newspaper." Records of the Columbia Historical Society (Washington, D.C., 1966): 71-83. in JSTOR
  • Ames, William E. A history of the National Intelligencer (University of North Carolina Press, 1972)
  • Eaton, Clement. "Winifred and Joseph Gales, Liberals in the Old South." Journal of Southern History 10.4 (1944): 461-474. in JSTOR
  • Hunt, Gaillard. "Joseph Gales on the War Manifesto of 1812," American Historical Review (1908) 13#4 pp 303–10 in JSTOR
Political offices
Preceded byRoger C. Weightman Mayor of Washington, D.C.
1827–1830 		Succeeded byJohn P. Van Ness
Categories: