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| '''Cynus''' ({{langx|grc|Κῦνος|Kynos}})<ref>{{Cite Stephanus|''s.v''}}</ref> was the principal sea-port of the ], situated on a cape at the northern extremity of the ], opposite ] in ], and at the distance of 60 '']'' from ].<ref name=Strabo>{{Cite Strabo|ix. p.425}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pausanias|10|1|2}}</ref> ] gives an incorrect idea of the position of Cynus, when he describes it as situated on the coast, at the distance of a mile from Opus.<ref name=Livy>{{Cite Livy|28.6}}</ref> Cynus was an ancient town, being mentioned in the ]ic ] in the '']''.<ref>{{Cite Iliad|2.531}}</ref> It was reported to have been the residence of ] and ]; the tomb of the latter was shown there.<ref name=Strabo/> Beside Livy and Homer, Cynus is mentioned by other ancient authors, including ],<ref>{{Cite Strabo|i. p.60, ix. p. 446, xiii. p. 615}}</ref> ],<ref>{{Cite Mela|2.3}}</ref> ],<ref>{{Cite Pliny|4.7.12}}</ref> and ].<ref>{{Cite Ptolemy|3.15.10}}</ref> | |||
| '''Kynos''' is an ancient settlement site, notably with finds of the ] and Early ], was discovered on the edge of the town of ] in Central ] (the archaeological site is thus also referred to as Pyrgos Livanaton). The coastal site, overlooking the ] and neighbouring ], has been identified with the city of Kynos, mentioned in the Homeric catalogue of ships (''Il''. II 531-533.) | |||
| Colonists from Cynus founded ] in ], situated opposite the island of ].<ref>{{Cite Strabo|13.1.68}}</ref> It was one of the places that suffered the destruction caused by a ] that took place after an earthquake in 426 BCE.<ref>{{Cite Strabo|1.3.20}}</ref> In 207 BCE, during the ], Cynus, which appears defined as an ] of Opus, was the place to which the fleet of ] retired after failing in its attack against ].<ref name=Livy/> | |||
| The site was excavated between 1985 and 1995 by the 14th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities in Lamia. | |||
| ⚫ | The findings of these excavations have so far only been made known in preliminary reports |
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| ==Name== | |||
| It took its name from Cynus, son of ] and father of ] and Larymna.<ref></ref> | |||
| ==Archaeology== | |||
| ⚫ | Its site is marked by a tower, called Paleopyrgo (or Pyrgos), and some Hellenic remains, about a mile to the south of the village of ].<ref>{{Cite Barrington|55}}</ref><ref>{{Cite DARE|29389}}</ref> The archaeological site is thus also referred to as Pyrgos Livanaton. The site was excavated between 1985 and 1995 by the 14th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities in ]. The findings of these excavations have so far only been made known in preliminary reports,<ref>See e.g. Ph. Dakoronia, 'The Transition from Late Helladic IIIC to the Early Iron Age at Kynos.', in LHIIIC Chronology and Synchronisms. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, May 7th and 8th, 2001, ed. ] and M. Zavadil, Vienna 2003, pp. 37–51, with earlier references.</ref> but archaeologists have found items from the ] and Early ]. | ||
| Kynos, like nearby ], ], ], and ], shows continuous occupation throughout the transition from the ] to the Early Iron Age. | Kynos, like nearby ], ], ], and ], shows continuous occupation throughout the transition from the ] to the Early Iron Age. | ||
| == |
==References== | ||
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| {{coord|38.7234|N|23.0622|E|source:http://dare.ht.lu.se/places/29389.html|display=title|format=dms}} | |||
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Latest revision as of 11:49, 29 October 2024
Cynus (Ancient Greek: Κῦνος, romanized: Kynos) was the principal sea-port of the Opuntian Locrians, situated on a cape at the northern extremity of the Opuntian Gulf, opposite Aedepsus in Euboea, and at the distance of 60 stadia from Opus. Livy gives an incorrect idea of the position of Cynus, when he describes it as situated on the coast, at the distance of a mile from Opus. Cynus was an ancient town, being mentioned in the Homeric Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad. It was reported to have been the residence of Deucalion and Pyrrha; the tomb of the latter was shown there. Beside Livy and Homer, Cynus is mentioned by other ancient authors, including Strabo, Pomponius Mela, Pliny the Elder, and Ptolemy.
Colonists from Cynus founded Autocane in Aeolis, situated opposite the island of Lesbos. It was one of the places that suffered the destruction caused by a tsunami that took place after an earthquake in 426 BCE. In 207 BCE, during the First Macedonian War, Cynus, which appears defined as an emporium of Opus, was the place to which the fleet of Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus retired after failing in its attack against Chalcis.
Name
It took its name from Cynus, son of Opus and father of Hodoedocus and Larymna.
Archaeology
Its site is marked by a tower, called Paleopyrgo (or Pyrgos), and some Hellenic remains, about a mile to the south of the village of Livanates. The archaeological site is thus also referred to as Pyrgos Livanaton. The site was excavated between 1985 and 1995 by the 14th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities in Lamia. The findings of these excavations have so far only been made known in preliminary reports, but archaeologists have found items from the Bronze and Early Iron Age.
Kynos, like nearby Mitrou, Kalapodi, Elateia, and Lefkandi, shows continuous occupation throughout the transition from the Mycenaean palatial period to the Early Iron Age.
References
- Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. s.v.
- ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. ix. p.425. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
- Pausanias (1918). "1.2". Description of Greece. Vol. 10. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.
- ^ Livy. Ab urbe condita Libri [History of Rome]. Vol. 28.6.
- Homer. Iliad. Vol. 2.531.
- Strabo. Geographica. Vol. i. p.60, ix. p. 446, xiii. p. 615. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
- Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis. Vol. 2.3.
- Pliny. Naturalis Historia. Vol. 4.7.12.
- Ptolemy. The Geography. Vol. 3.15.10.
- Strabo. Geographica. Vol. 13.1.68. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
- Strabo. Geographica. Vol. 1.3.20. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Cynus
- Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 55, and directory notes accompanying. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9.
- Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
- See e.g. Ph. Dakoronia, 'The Transition from Late Helladic IIIC to the Early Iron Age at Kynos.', in LHIIIC Chronology and Synchronisms. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, May 7th and 8th, 2001, ed. S. Deger-Jalkotzy and M. Zavadil, Vienna 2003, pp. 37–51, with earlier references.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Cynus". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
38°43′24″N 23°03′44″E / 38.7234°N 23.0622°E / 38.7234; 23.0622
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