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{{Short description|Lithuanian poet, mathematician and bishop (1835–1902)}}
'''Antoni Baranowski''' (often referred to by his Lithuanian name of '''Antanas Baranauskas'''; ]-]) was a ] poet, mathematician and a bishop of ].
{{redirect|Antoni Baranowski|the Polish general|Antoni Baranowski (general)}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- For more information see ]. -->
| name = Antanas Baranauskas
| image = Antanas Baranauskas in 1899 portrait (cropped).jpeg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Baranauskas in 1899
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1835|01|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = ], ], ]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1902|11|26|1835|01|17|df=y}}
| death_place = ], ], ]
| resting_place = Basilica of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, ]
| occupation = Poet, linguist, bishop
| language = ], ]
| nationality = Lithuanian
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre = ]
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = '']''
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
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'''Antanas Baranauskas''' ({{langx|pl|Antoni Baranowski}}; 17 January 1835 – 26 November 1902) was a ] ],<ref name="Pawłowska">{{cite book | title =Biografie suwalskie | year =1993 | editor =Małgorzata Pawłowska | chapter =Antoni Baranowski | chapter-url =http://www.dziecionline.pl/Suwalki/ludzie/baranowski.htm | publisher =Jaćwież | location =Suwałki | oclc = 69481751 | access-date =2006-07-17 | language = pl }}</ref> ] and Catholic ]. Baranauskas is best known as the author of the Lithuanian poem '']''. He used various ]s, including A.B., Bangputys, Jurksztas Smalaūsis, Jurkštas Smalaūsis, and Baronas.<ref name="Aleksandravicius" /> He also wrote poetry in ].<ref name="Encyclopedia Wiem"></ref>


==Biography== ==Early years==
Baranauskas was born to a small farmer family of ] origin.<ref name="Pawłowska"/> Early in his youth, his parents sent him to a local ]. After finishing his studies there, Baranauskas initially remained in the parish. As described in his diary, between the years 1841 and 1843 he learned the ] and between 1848 and 1851 ].<ref name="Aleksandravicius">{{cite book | author =Egidijus Aleksandravičius | title =Giesmininko kelias | year =2003 | publisher =Versus Aureus | location =Vilnius | oclc = 60351917 | language = lt| page = 58}}</ref> His first attempts to write poetry and ] in Lithuanian are to be found in his diaries.<ref name="Aleksandravicius" /> Later he attended a bi-yearly school for communal writers in ]. There he started writing his first poems in Polish.<ref name="Pawłowska" />


==Adulthood==
Baranowski was born ], ] in the village of Onikszta (Lithuanian Anykščiai), to a humble peasant family of distant ] origin. Early in his youth his parents sent him to a local bi-yearly parochial school. After finishing his studies there, Baranowski initially stayed in the parochy as a helper. After that he was sent to a bi-yearly school for communal writers in Rumyszki (Lithuanian Rumyškiai). There he started writing his first poems in ].


]]]
In ] he finished the school and started working as a writer and chancellor in various communes of the area. During his work he met ], a locally-renown writer, with whom he shared passion for the poetry of ]. With time, under notable influence of other notable Polish poet of the epoch, ], Baranowski's poetry improved in style. Thanks to the friendship with Proniewska, in ] her family sponsored Baranowski's entry into Catholic seminary of Wornie (Lithuanian Varniai).
In 1853, he finished school and started working as a writer and chancellor in various towns. During this period he began a relationship with the ]n poet ] (Karolina Praniauskaitė)<ref name=Praniauskaite>{{cite web|url=http://samogitia.mch.mii.lt/KULTURA/Zem_rasytojai_Telsiai.htm |title=Žemaitijos rašytojai |access-date=2007-04-18 |first=Danutė |last=Mukienė |date=2003-05-15 |language=lt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216112730/http://samogitia.mch.mii.lt/KULTURA/Zem_rasytojai_Telsiai.htm |archive-date=2007-02-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Syrnicka">{{cite journal|author=Krystyna Syrnicka |date=May 2002 |title=Karolina Proniewska - zapomniana poetka ze Żmudzi |journal=Nasz Czas |volume=20 |issue=559 |pages=25 |issn=1641-7933 |language=pl |url=http://nasz-czas1.tripod.com/025/syrnic.html |quote=Dla historii literatury litewskiej najbardziej znaczący jest wysoko oceniony przez literaturoznawców jej przekład legendy o Egle, królowej węży z Witoloraudy J.I.Kraszewskiego. "Ţalčiř motë" ("Matka węży") była zamieszczona w kalendarzu L. Iwińskiego (L. Ivinskisa) za 1859 rok. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703012532/http://nasz-czas1.tripod.com/025/syrnic.html |archive-date=2007-07-03 }}</ref> and her family. The two shared a passion for the poetry of ].<ref name="Syrnicka" /> Praniauskaitė suggested that Baranauskas should try to write more in ]. In 1856, Karolina's family tried to separate the couple by sponsoring Baranauskas' entry into the Catholic Seminary of ]. While studying there, he began to concentrate on the development of the written ], and wrote a commentary on Lithuanian and ] ''Apie lietuvių ir žemaičių kalbą''. It was the first scholarly attempt to distinguish these different Lithuanian dialects.


While in the seminary, Baranauskas started writing poems in Lithuanian, and from that time essentially wrote in that language. One of his earlier works written under the influence of Mickiewicz was '']'' (''The Forest/Pinewood of Anykščiai''). It is considered a classic work of ]. Literature critics consider it as a symbolic reference to ]n history and ].<ref name="Marcinkevičius">{{cite book | author =Justinas Marcinkevičius | title =Tekančios upės vienybė | year =1995 | pages =42–44 | chapter =Štai kas yra mes | publisher =Santara | location =Kaunas | oclc = 35046901 | language = lt}}</ref> While some critics contend that Baranauskas wrote the poem in anger, in response to an assertion by his lector Alexander Gabszewicz that the Lithuanian language was not beautiful enough to write poems in,<ref name="Aleksandravicius" /> others dispute this as a misinterpretation. The poem was first published in 1861, and again in 1862 in ]' calendars.
It was there where Baranowski started writing poems in ] as well. One of his juvenile works he wrote during that time under notable influence of Mickiewicz, ''Anykščiu šilelis'' (''Forest of Onikszta''), is considered to be one of the classics of Lithuanian poetry of 19th century.


From 1858 to 1862, Barnauskas studied at the ], receiving a master's degree in ]. Between 1863 and 1864, he studied at ]'s, ]'s, ]'s and ] Catholic universities.
{{bio-stub}}

]
Starting in 1871, he worked at the ], and began teaching the Lithuanian language. He authored a grammar textbook in Lithuanian, ''Mokslas lietuviškosios kalbos''. After Baranauskas went to ], he gained a considerable reputation by being able to preach in both Polish and Lithuanian. By 1880, after he realized that the ] would not be lifted, in spite of several unofficial promises by Tsarist authorities to do so, his desire to promote the Lithuanian language slowly declined. He never ceased to believe, that Lithuanian should be developed and expanded and until his death worked on a translation of the ] into Lithuanian, and working 10–12 hours a day, succeeded to translate three fifths of the Old Testament.

In his later years, Antanas Baranauskas, enjoyed some of the comforts of life. His beliefs were similar to the later '']'' group. Therefore, for the rest of his life he tried to reconcile nationalists from both - Lithuanian and Polish - sides. For that he was rather unpopular amongst the nationalists in both sides.<ref name="Aleksandravicius" />

Most of the Lithuanians did not attend his burial, considering him a traitor of the national revival movement, mostly Russian officials and Poles attended it.<ref name="Aleksandravicius" /> It was a completely different story when a monument for him was built in ]. Only Lithuanians attended the event, and even then paint was spilt on the monument the following night.<ref name="Aleksandravicius" />

== Legacy ==
Before Baranauskas, the main "respectable" language in the area was considered to be Polish, so Baranauskas was one of the few primary individuals responsible for re-legitimizing the Lithuanian language, and by extension, Lithuanian culture. Referring to Baranauskas in a lecture, the early 20th century Lithuanian poet ] once said, "Without him, there might not be us".<ref name="Marcinkevičius" />

Baranauskas's home is preserved in the ].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baranauskas, Antanas}}
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Latest revision as of 01:19, 28 November 2024

Lithuanian poet, mathematician and bishop (1835–1902) "Antoni Baranowski" redirects here. For the Polish general, see Antoni Baranowski (general).
Antanas Baranauskas
Baranauskas in 1899Baranauskas in 1899
Born(1835-01-17)17 January 1835
Anykščiai, Vilnius Governorate, Russian Empire
Died26 November 1902(1902-11-26) (aged 67)
Sejny, Congress Poland, Russian Empire
Resting placeBasilica of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Sejny
OccupationPoet, linguist, bishop
LanguageLithuanian, Polish
NationalityLithuanian
GenreRomanticism
Notable worksThe Forest of Anykščiai

Antanas Baranauskas (Polish: Antoni Baranowski; 17 January 1835 – 26 November 1902) was a Lithuanian poet, mathematician and Catholic bishop of Sejny. Baranauskas is best known as the author of the Lithuanian poem Anykščių šilelis. He used various pseudonyms, including A.B., Bangputys, Jurksztas Smalaūsis, Jurkštas Smalaūsis, and Baronas. He also wrote poetry in Polish.

Early years

Baranauskas was born to a small farmer family of Lithuanian nobility origin. Early in his youth, his parents sent him to a local parochial school. After finishing his studies there, Baranauskas initially remained in the parish. As described in his diary, between the years 1841 and 1843 he learned the Polish language and between 1848 and 1851 Russian. His first attempts to write poetry and rhyme in Lithuanian are to be found in his diaries. Later he attended a bi-yearly school for communal writers in Rumšiškės. There he started writing his first poems in Polish.

Adulthood

Antanas Baranauskas bust in Seda

In 1853, he finished school and started working as a writer and chancellor in various towns. During this period he began a relationship with the Samogitian poet Karolina Proniewska (Karolina Praniauskaitė) and her family. The two shared a passion for the poetry of Adam Mickiewicz. Praniauskaitė suggested that Baranauskas should try to write more in Lithuanian. In 1856, Karolina's family tried to separate the couple by sponsoring Baranauskas' entry into the Catholic Seminary of Varniai. While studying there, he began to concentrate on the development of the written Lithuanian language, and wrote a commentary on Lithuanian and Samogitian dialects Apie lietuvių ir žemaičių kalbą. It was the first scholarly attempt to distinguish these different Lithuanian dialects.

While in the seminary, Baranauskas started writing poems in Lithuanian, and from that time essentially wrote in that language. One of his earlier works written under the influence of Mickiewicz was Anykščių šilelis (The Forest/Pinewood of Anykščiai). It is considered a classic work of Lithuanian literature. Literature critics consider it as a symbolic reference to Lithuanian history and language. While some critics contend that Baranauskas wrote the poem in anger, in response to an assertion by his lector Alexander Gabszewicz that the Lithuanian language was not beautiful enough to write poems in, others dispute this as a misinterpretation. The poem was first published in 1861, and again in 1862 in Laurynas Ivinskis' calendars.

From 1858 to 1862, Barnauskas studied at the Saint Petersburg Roman Catholic Theological Academy, receiving a master's degree in theology. Between 1863 and 1864, he studied at Munich's, Rome's, Innsbruck's and Louvain's Catholic universities.

Starting in 1871, he worked at the Kaunas Priest Seminary, and began teaching the Lithuanian language. He authored a grammar textbook in Lithuanian, Mokslas lietuviškosios kalbos. After Baranauskas went to Sejny, he gained a considerable reputation by being able to preach in both Polish and Lithuanian. By 1880, after he realized that the ban of printing in the Lithuanian language would not be lifted, in spite of several unofficial promises by Tsarist authorities to do so, his desire to promote the Lithuanian language slowly declined. He never ceased to believe, that Lithuanian should be developed and expanded and until his death worked on a translation of the Bible into Lithuanian, and working 10–12 hours a day, succeeded to translate three fifths of the Old Testament.

In his later years, Antanas Baranauskas, enjoyed some of the comforts of life. His beliefs were similar to the later Krajowcy group. Therefore, for the rest of his life he tried to reconcile nationalists from both - Lithuanian and Polish - sides. For that he was rather unpopular amongst the nationalists in both sides.

Most of the Lithuanians did not attend his burial, considering him a traitor of the national revival movement, mostly Russian officials and Poles attended it. It was a completely different story when a monument for him was built in Sejny. Only Lithuanians attended the event, and even then paint was spilt on the monument the following night.

Legacy

Before Baranauskas, the main "respectable" language in the area was considered to be Polish, so Baranauskas was one of the few primary individuals responsible for re-legitimizing the Lithuanian language, and by extension, Lithuanian culture. Referring to Baranauskas in a lecture, the early 20th century Lithuanian poet Maironis once said, "Without him, there might not be us".

Baranauskas's home is preserved in the Anykščiai Regional Park.

References

  1. ^ Małgorzata Pawłowska, ed. (1993). "Antoni Baranowski". Biografie suwalskie (in Polish). Suwałki: Jaćwież. OCLC 69481751. Retrieved 2006-07-17.
  2. ^ Egidijus Aleksandravičius (2003). Giesmininko kelias (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Versus Aureus. p. 58. OCLC 60351917.
  3. Encyclopedia Wiem
  4. Mukienė, Danutė (2003-05-15). "Žemaitijos rašytojai" (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 2007-02-16. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
  5. ^ Krystyna Syrnicka (May 2002). "Karolina Proniewska - zapomniana poetka ze Żmudzi". Nasz Czas (in Polish). 20 (559): 25. ISSN 1641-7933. Archived from the original on 2007-07-03. Dla historii literatury litewskiej najbardziej znaczący jest wysoko oceniony przez literaturoznawców jej przekład legendy o Egle, królowej węży z Witoloraudy J.I.Kraszewskiego. "Ţalčiř motë" ("Matka węży") była zamieszczona w kalendarzu L. Iwińskiego (L. Ivinskisa) za 1859 rok.
  6. ^ Justinas Marcinkevičius (1995). "Štai kas yra mes". Tekančios upės vienybė (in Lithuanian). Kaunas: Santara. pp. 42–44. OCLC 35046901.

External links

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