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{{Infobox aircraft
{{infobox Aircraft
|name = SPAD S.510 |name = S.510
|image = File:SPAD 510 photo L'Aerophile January 1938.jpg
|caption =
|type = Fighter |type = Fighter
|manufacturer = ] |manufacturer = ]
|designer =]
|image =
|first_flight = 6 January 1933
|caption =
|designer =
|first flight = 1933
|introduction = 1936 |introduction = 1936
|retired = |retired =
|status = |status =
|primary user = ] |primary_user = ]
|more users = |more_users =
|produced = |produced =
|number built = 61 |number_built = 61
|unit cost = |unit cost =
|developed_from =]
|developed from =
|variants with their own articles = |variants =
}} }}


The '''Blériot SPAD S.510''' was a French single-seat, single-engined ] ]. First flying in 1933, 60 were built for the '']'' (French Air Force), entering service in 1936. The type remained in service as a fighter-trainer at the start of the ]. It was the last French biplane fighter to enter production.
The '''Blériot SPAD S.510''' was the last French bi-plane fighter to be produced.


==Development== ==Development==
The Blériot-SPAD S.510 was designed by André Herbemont to meet a 1930 French requirement for a single seat fighter. The new fighter was required to have a speed of {{convert|325|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}} at an altitude of {{convert|3500|m|ft|abbr=on}} (later increased to {{convert|350|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}} at the same height), with an armament of either four machine guns, one 20 mm cannon and two machine guns, or two cannon. Herbemont's design was based on his earlier ], and of the 11 designs submitted to meet the requirement,{{#tag:ref|In addition to the SPAD 510, the other competitors were the ], the ], the ], the ], the ], the ], the ], the ], the ] and the ].<ref name="av903p15">{{harvnb|Ledet|Cortet|2003|p=15}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} was the only ].<ref name="compp68"/><ref name="av903p156">{{harvnb|Ledet|Cortet|2003|pp=15–16}}</ref>
Conceived in 1930, this clean, open-cockpit biplane first flew in 1933 and entered service in 1936. Performance was similar to the British ] and ]. The S.510's armament generally consisted of 4 machine guns (installed as either a combination of 2 engine-mounted guns, plus 2 in under-wing gondolas or with all 4 in under-wing gondolas) this gave it a much heavier attack capability than many earlier biplane fighters and parity with the final biplane-types employed by the British and Italians - e.g. the Gladiator and ].


The SPAD 510 was of all-metal construction, with fabric-covered wings and tail, and a ] rear fuselage.<ref name="compp68"/> The aircraft had a fixed ], which had a reputation for being fragile in service, with ] mainwheels and a tailskid.<ref name="av903p24"/> The aircraft was powered by a ]brs liquid-cooled ] rated at {{convert|690|hp|kW|abbr=on}} driving a two-bladed wooden propeller. Armament consisted of four 7.5 mm ] machine guns mounted under the lower wing (the prototype carried the same armament, but with two guns in the fuselage).<ref name="av903p24"/> The last two production SPAD 510s were fitted with a Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs engine, allowing a ] 20 mm cannon to be mounted between the engine's cylinder banks, and firing through the propeller.<ref name="compp68"/><ref name="av903p24"/>
The S.510 was doomed to obsolescence before it even flew. Though at the time it was designed, many pilots and experts strongly believed that biplanes would prove better fighters than monoplanes because of their tighter turning circles.


The sole prototype first flew on 6 January 1933. Flight testing revealed handling problems which resulted in the aircraft's centre fuselage being lengthened by {{convert|40|cm|in|abbr=on}} and its vertical tail surfaces being enlarged.<ref name="compp68"/> During evaluation in 1935 against the already in production Dewoitine D.500 at the ] (CEAM), the French military aviation research centre at ], the SPAD 510 demonstrated superior manoeuvrability and climb rate. As a result, an order for 60 aircraft was placed on 30 August 1935.<ref name="av903p20">{{harvnb|Ledet|Cortet|2003|p=20}}</ref>
Largely overshadowed by the faster ] monoplane, an order of 60 planes was secured in August of 1935 when French ace pilot Louis Massot demonstrated the S.510 to excellent effect showing its superior maneuverability and rate of climb.
Performance was similar to the British ]. The S.510's armament generally consisted of 4 machine guns (installed as either a combination of 2 fuselage-mounted guns, plus 2 in under-wing gondolas or with all 4 in under-wing gondolas). This gave it a much heavier attack capability than most earlier biplane fighters and equalled that of the final biplanes used by the British and Italians, the Gladiator and ]. The S.510 was doomed to obsolescence before it even flew, although when it was designed many pilots and experts strongly believed that biplanes would prove better fighters than monoplanes because of their tighter turning circles. Despite its strengths, the S.510 only enjoyed about a year of usefulness. An adequate fighter for 1936, it was quickly outclassed by the new more modern monoplanes developed by Germany, Britain, and France. It had fixed landing gear as well as a weak fuel system and undercarriage.{{cn|date=October 2021}}


In response to a 1934 French competition for a more modern single-seat fighter, Herbemont designed the Blériot-SPAD S.710, based on the 510.<ref name="compp68"/> The SPAD 710, while still a biplane, had a retractable undercarriage and an enclosed cockpit and was fitted with a ]. It was powered by a {{convert|860|hp|kW|abbr=on}} ]crs engine, which was estimated to give a speed of {{convert|470|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}. A prototype flew for the first time in April 1937, but crashed on 15 June that year due to tail ], killing the pilot. This caused further development to be abandoned.<ref name="compp68"/>
Despite its strengths, the S.510 only enjoyed about a year of utility. A decent fighter for 1936, it was quickly overshadowed by the new, modern monoplanes developed by Germany, England, and France. It had fixed landing gear as well as a weak fuel system and undercarriage.


==Operational history== ==Operational history==
Deliveries of the SPAD 510 to the '']'' (i.e. the French Air Force) began in early 1936, with the new fighters replacing the ]s of ] (GC 1/7) from May 1937,<ref name="av1003p48">{{harvnb|Ledet October 2003|p=48}}</ref> and the ]s and NiD 629s of ''Groupe de Chasse II/7'' (GC II/7) from July 1937.<ref name="av1003p50">{{harvnb|Ledet October 2003|p=50}}</ref> In 1937, SPAD 510s were used to equip the ] aerobatic team, named after the commander of ''7<sup>e</sup> Escadre'' (7th Wing, the parent unit of the two ''Groupe''s), which displayed around France that year.<ref name="av1003p49,501">{{harvnb|Ledet October 2003|pp=49, 50–51}}</ref> In 1938, with increasing tensions between France and Germany, the two ''Groupe''{{'}}s SPADs were fitted with radios, allowing them to be declared as fit for combat, with some aircraft being fitted with revised exhausts to aid night flying.<ref name="av1003p51">{{harvnb|Ledet October 2003|p=51}}</ref> From January 1939, GC I/7 began to re-equip with modern ] fighter monoplanes, with the last SPAD 510 discarded in February, while GC II/7 replaced its SPAD 510s by M.S.406s later that year, completing its re-equipment just before its mobilisation at the start of the ].<ref name="av1003p513">{{harvnb|Ledet October 2003|pp=51–53}}</ref><ref name="brefp29">{{harvnb|Breffort|Jouineau|2004|p=29}}</ref>
The S.510 entered service in early 1936, being assigned to the GC I/7 in May 1937 and the GC II/7 in July, 1938. They were intended as transition aircraft between the ] and the ] and served in the ], a military acrobatic group. Upon the outbreak of ], the S.510 served in reserve squadrons only. The metropolitan reserves were mobilized into the II/561 based in Havre-Oteville. From January 18, 1940 over a period of weeks, the S.510s were replaced with ] aircraft, the ''groupe'' changing designation to GC III/10. The displaced S.510s returned to their training role. Approximately ten S.510s had been sent to French North Africa where, by the ], they were mobilized into a fighter group, the GC III/5, but their age allowed them to be used for training flights only.


In August 1939, obsolete fighters held in storage in France after being replaced in the front line units were used to equip ''Escadrilles Régionales de Chasse'' (ERC - regional fighter flights) to train reservists, with two flights formed in mainland France with a mixture of SPAD 510s and older NiD-622s, ERC 3/561 at ] and ERC 4/561 at ].<ref name="brefp29"/><ref name="av1103p57">{{harvnb|Ledet November 2003|pp=5–7}}</ref> In October, the two ERCs joined together to form ''Groupe Aėrien Régional de Chasse'' II/561 (GARC II/561) based at Havre-Oteville.<ref name="brefp29"/><ref name="av1103p7,9">{{harvnb|Ledet November 2003|pp=7, 9}}</ref> On 18 January 1940 GARC II/561 was redesignated as GC III/10, which received ]s over the next few weeks to allow the unit to transition to a front-line fighter role.<ref name="av1103p90">{{harvnb|Ledet November 2003|pp=9–10}}</ref> The displaced S.510s returned to their training role where they served until the ].<ref name="av1103p105">{{harvnb|Ledet November 2003|pp=10–11, 14–15}}</ref> Approximately ten S.510s were sent to French North Africa in 1939 to join ERCs at ] and ].<ref name="brefp29"/><ref name="av1003p567">{{harvnb|Ledet October 2003|pp=56–57}}</ref> In May 1940, the ERCs based in French North Africa were combined to form a new fighter group, GC III/5, with equipment including SPAD 510s, but these were replaced by Morane-Saulnier M.S.406s by the end of May.<ref name="av1003p57">{{harvnb|Ledet October 2003|p=57}}</ref>
Twenty-seven examples were reported delivered to the Spanish Republican Air Force during the ] (sometimes the number is 15), but there is no evidence that they were ever actually sent.

Reports that it may have served in the ] during the ] are doubtful. There is no evidence that S.510 were ever actually sent and they may have been confused with the ] or with the ] that were delivered to the '']''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.zi.ku.dk/personal/drnash/model/spain/didnt.html |title=Aircraft that didn't participate in the Spanish Civil war |access-date=2014-12-15 |archive-date=2012-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203060532/http://www.zi.ku.dk/personal/drnash/model/spain/didnt.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Variants== ==Variants==
;S.510.01
*'''S.510''' - ]brs, 4 x 7.5 mm ] MGs (60 built)
:First prototype aircraft.<ref name="av903p16">{{harvnb|Ledet|Cortet|2003|p=16}}</ref>
*'''S.710''' - One prototype only
;S.510

:Production aircraft powered by {{convert|690|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} ] engines, armed with 4 x {{convert|7.5|mm|in|abbr=on|3}} ] machine-guns, (60 built).<ref name="compp68"/>
The S.510 saw service with the ] (60), and possibly the Spanish "Escuadrilla Internacional" (15-27?)
;S.710

:One prototype only with a butterfly tail, powered by a single {{convert|860|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} ] V-12 engine.<ref name="compp68"/>
Total production (including prototypes): 61


==Operators== ==Operators==
; {{FRA}} ; {{FRA}}
* ] * ]
; {{flagicon|Spain|1931}} ]
* ]
** Escuadrilla Internacional


==Specifications (S.510)== ==Specifications (S.510)==
]
{{aero-specs}}
{{Aircraft specs
{{aircraft specifications
|ref=The Complete Book of Fighters<ref name="compp68">{{harvnb|Green|Swanborough|1994|p=68}}</ref>
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|ref={name of first source}
|crew= one, pilot |crew=1
|length m=7.46
|capacity=
|span m=8.84
|length main= 7.46 m
|height m=3.72
|length alt= 24 ft 5.75 in
|wing area sqm=22.0
|span main= 8.84 m
|empty weight kg=1250
|span alt= 29 ft 0 in
|empty weight sigfig=3
|height main= 3.72 m
|gross weight kg=1650
|height alt= 12 ft 2.5 in
|gross weight sigfig=3
|area main= 22.0 m²
|max takeoff weight kg=1830
|area alt= 237 ft²
|max takeoff weight sigfig=3
|airfoil=
<!--
|empty weight main= 1250 kg
Powerplant
|empty weight alt= 2,755 lb
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|loaded weight main= 1830 kg
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|loaded weight alt= 4,034 lb
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|max speed kmh=370
|engine (prop)=]brs
|max speed note=at {{convert|5000|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}}
|type of prop=liquid-cooled ]
|range km=875
|number of props=1
|ceiling m=10100
|power main= 516 kW
|ceiling note=<ref name="av903p24">{{harvnb|Ledet|Cortet|2003|p=24}}</ref>
|power alt= 690 hp
|time to altitude=3 min 22 sec
|power original=
<!--

Armament
|max speed main= 370 km/h
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|max speed alt= 200 knots, 230 mph
|guns= 4 × 7.5 mm ] machine guns
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|range main= 875 km
|range alt= 472 nm, 543 miles
|ceiling main= 10,500 m
|ceiling alt= 34,650 ft
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|climb rate alt= 2,920 ft/min
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* 4 &times; 7.5 mm ] machine guns
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}} }}

==References==
*Breffort, Dominique & Jouineau, André. ''French Aircraft from 1939 to 1942''
*Weal, Elke C., Weal, John A., Barker, Richard F. ''Combat Aircraft of World War Two''


==See also== ==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{aircontent| {{aircontent|
|related=

|similar aircraft= |similar aircraft=
* ] * ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
|sequence=
← ] - ] - ] - '''S.510''' - ] - ]

|lists= |lists=
* ] * ]
* ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ]

|see also= |see also=
}}


==References==
}}
===Notes===
{{aviation lists}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{commons category|Blériot-SPAD S.510}}
* {{cite book |last1=Breffort |first1=Dominique |last2=Jouineau |first2=André |title=French Aircraft from 1939 to 1942: Fighters, Bombers, Reconnaissance and Observation Types: Volume 1: From Amiot to Curtiss |year=2004 |location=Paris |publisher=Histoire & Collections |isbn=2-915239-23-1}}
* {{cite book |last1=Green |first1=William |last2=Swanborough |first2=Gordon |title=The Complete Book of Fighters |year=1994 |location=New York |publisher=Smithmark Publishers Inc. |isbn=0-8317-3939-8}}
* {{cite magazine |last1=Ledet |first1=Michel |last2=Cortet |first2=Pierre |title=Le SPAD 510: dernier chasseur biplan de l'Armée de l'Air |language=French |magazine=Avions |date=September 2003 |issue=126 |pages=15–25 }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Ledet |first=Michel |title=Le SPAD 510: dernier chasseur biplan de l'Armée de l'Air: En service à la 7<sup>e</sup> Escadre de Chasse |language=French |magazine=Avions |date=October 2003 |issue=127 |pages=48–57 |ref={{harvid|Ledet October 2003}} }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Ledet |first=Michel |title=Le SPAD 510: dernier chasseur biplan de l'Armée de l'Air: 1939–1940, une seconde carrière |language=French |magazine=Avions |date=November 2003 |issue=128 |pages=5–17 |ref={{harvid|Ledet November 2003}} }}
* Weal, Elke C., Weal, John A., Barker, Richard F. ''Combat Aircraft of World War Two''


{{SPAD aircraft}}
]
]
]
]


] {{DEFAULTSORT:Bleriot-Spad S.510}}
]
]
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]
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Latest revision as of 15:01, 30 September 2024

S.510
General information
TypeFighter
ManufacturerBlériot-SPAD
Designer André Herbemont
Primary userFrench Air Force
Number built61
History
Introduction date1936
First flight6 January 1933
Developed fromBlériot-SPAD S.91

The Blériot SPAD S.510 was a French single-seat, single-engined biplane fighter aircraft. First flying in 1933, 60 were built for the Armée de l'Air (French Air Force), entering service in 1936. The type remained in service as a fighter-trainer at the start of the Second World War. It was the last French biplane fighter to enter production.

Development

The Blériot-SPAD S.510 was designed by André Herbemont to meet a 1930 French requirement for a single seat fighter. The new fighter was required to have a speed of 325 km/h (202 mph; 175 kn) at an altitude of 3,500 m (11,500 ft) (later increased to 350 km/h (220 mph; 190 kn) at the same height), with an armament of either four machine guns, one 20 mm cannon and two machine guns, or two cannon. Herbemont's design was based on his earlier S.91, and of the 11 designs submitted to meet the requirement, was the only biplane.

The SPAD 510 was of all-metal construction, with fabric-covered wings and tail, and a monocoque rear fuselage. The aircraft had a fixed conventional landing gear, which had a reputation for being fragile in service, with faired mainwheels and a tailskid. The aircraft was powered by a Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs liquid-cooled V12 engine rated at 690 hp (510 kW) driving a two-bladed wooden propeller. Armament consisted of four 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns mounted under the lower wing (the prototype carried the same armament, but with two guns in the fuselage). The last two production SPAD 510s were fitted with a Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs engine, allowing a Hispano-Suiza 20 mm cannon to be mounted between the engine's cylinder banks, and firing through the propeller.

The sole prototype first flew on 6 January 1933. Flight testing revealed handling problems which resulted in the aircraft's centre fuselage being lengthened by 40 cm (16 in) and its vertical tail surfaces being enlarged. During evaluation in 1935 against the already in production Dewoitine D.500 at the Centre d'expériences aériennes militaires (CEAM), the French military aviation research centre at Reims, the SPAD 510 demonstrated superior manoeuvrability and climb rate. As a result, an order for 60 aircraft was placed on 30 August 1935.

Performance was similar to the British Gloster Gladiator. The S.510's armament generally consisted of 4 machine guns (installed as either a combination of 2 fuselage-mounted guns, plus 2 in under-wing gondolas or with all 4 in under-wing gondolas). This gave it a much heavier attack capability than most earlier biplane fighters and equalled that of the final biplanes used by the British and Italians, the Gladiator and Fiat CR.42 Falco. The S.510 was doomed to obsolescence before it even flew, although when it was designed many pilots and experts strongly believed that biplanes would prove better fighters than monoplanes because of their tighter turning circles. Despite its strengths, the S.510 only enjoyed about a year of usefulness. An adequate fighter for 1936, it was quickly outclassed by the new more modern monoplanes developed by Germany, Britain, and France. It had fixed landing gear as well as a weak fuel system and undercarriage.

In response to a 1934 French competition for a more modern single-seat fighter, Herbemont designed the Blériot-SPAD S.710, based on the 510. The SPAD 710, while still a biplane, had a retractable undercarriage and an enclosed cockpit and was fitted with a V-tail. It was powered by a 860 hp (640 kW) Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs engine, which was estimated to give a speed of 470 km/h (290 mph; 250 kn). A prototype flew for the first time in April 1937, but crashed on 15 June that year due to tail flutter, killing the pilot. This caused further development to be abandoned.

Operational history

Deliveries of the SPAD 510 to the Armée de l'Air (i.e. the French Air Force) began in early 1936, with the new fighters replacing the Morane-Saulnier M.S.225s of Groupe de Chasse 1/7 (GC 1/7) from May 1937, and the Nieuport-Delage NiD 62s and NiD 629s of Groupe de Chasse II/7 (GC II/7) from July 1937. In 1937, SPAD 510s were used to equip the Weiser circus aerobatic team, named after the commander of 7 Escadre (7th Wing, the parent unit of the two Groupes), which displayed around France that year. In 1938, with increasing tensions between France and Germany, the two Groupe's SPADs were fitted with radios, allowing them to be declared as fit for combat, with some aircraft being fitted with revised exhausts to aid night flying. From January 1939, GC I/7 began to re-equip with modern Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighter monoplanes, with the last SPAD 510 discarded in February, while GC II/7 replaced its SPAD 510s by M.S.406s later that year, completing its re-equipment just before its mobilisation at the start of the Second World War.

In August 1939, obsolete fighters held in storage in France after being replaced in the front line units were used to equip Escadrilles Régionales de Chasse (ERC - regional fighter flights) to train reservists, with two flights formed in mainland France with a mixture of SPAD 510s and older NiD-622s, ERC 3/561 at Saint-Inglevert Airfield and ERC 4/561 at Villacoublay. In October, the two ERCs joined together to form Groupe Aėrien Régional de Chasse II/561 (GARC II/561) based at Havre-Oteville. On 18 January 1940 GARC II/561 was redesignated as GC III/10, which received Bloch MB.151s over the next few weeks to allow the unit to transition to a front-line fighter role. The displaced S.510s returned to their training role where they served until the Armistice of 22 June 1940. Approximately ten S.510s were sent to French North Africa in 1939 to join ERCs at Oran and Rabat. In May 1940, the ERCs based in French North Africa were combined to form a new fighter group, GC III/5, with equipment including SPAD 510s, but these were replaced by Morane-Saulnier M.S.406s by the end of May.

Reports that it may have served in the Spanish Republican Air Force during the Spanish Civil War are doubtful. There is no evidence that S.510 were ever actually sent and they may have been confused with the Blériot-SPAD S.91 or with the Dewoitine D.510 that were delivered to the Escuadrilla Internacional.

Variants

S.510.01
First prototype aircraft.
S.510
Production aircraft powered by 510 kW (690 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs engines, armed with 4 x 7.5 mm (0.295 in) MAC 1934 machine-guns, (60 built).
S.710
One prototype only with a butterfly tail, powered by a single 640 kW (860 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs V-12 engine.

Operators

 France

Specifications (S.510)

SPAD 510 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile January 1938

Data from The Complete Book of Fighters

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Length: 7.46 m (24 ft 6 in)
  • Wingspan: 8.84 m (29 ft 0 in)
  • Height: 3.72 m (12 ft 2 in)
  • Wing area: 22.0 m (237 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 1,250 kg (2,756 lb)
  • Gross weight: 1,650 kg (3,638 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 1,830 kg (4,034 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine, 510 kW (690 hp)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 370 km/h (230 mph, 200 kn) at 5,000 m (16,400 ft)
  • Range: 875 km (544 mi, 472 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 10,100 m (33,100 ft)
  • Time to altitude: 3 min 22 sec

Armament

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

Notes

  1. In addition to the SPAD 510, the other competitors were the Bernard 260, the Dewoitine D.500, the Loire 43, the ANF Les Mureaux 170, the Morane-Saulnier M.S.325, the Nieuport-Delage NiD-122, the Hanriot H.110, the Gourdou-Leseurre GL-482, the Wibault 313 and the Dewoitine D.560.

Citations

  1. Ledet & Cortet 2003, p. 15
  2. ^ Green & Swanborough 1994, p. 68
  3. Ledet & Cortet 2003, pp. 15–16
  4. ^ Ledet & Cortet 2003, p. 24
  5. Ledet & Cortet 2003, p. 20
  6. Ledet October 2003, p. 48
  7. Ledet October 2003, p. 50
  8. Ledet October 2003, pp. 49, 50–51
  9. Ledet October 2003, p. 51
  10. Ledet October 2003, pp. 51–53
  11. ^ Breffort & Jouineau 2004, p. 29
  12. Ledet November 2003, pp. 5–7
  13. Ledet November 2003, pp. 7, 9
  14. Ledet November 2003, pp. 9–10
  15. Ledet November 2003, pp. 10–11, 14–15
  16. Ledet October 2003, pp. 56–57
  17. Ledet October 2003, p. 57
  18. "Aircraft that didn't participate in the Spanish Civil war". Archived from the original on 2012-12-03. Retrieved 2014-12-15.
  19. Ledet & Cortet 2003, p. 16

Bibliography

  • Breffort, Dominique; Jouineau, André (2004). French Aircraft from 1939 to 1942: Fighters, Bombers, Reconnaissance and Observation Types: Volume 1: From Amiot to Curtiss. Paris: Histoire & Collections. ISBN 2-915239-23-1.
  • Green, William; Swanborough, Gordon (1994). The Complete Book of Fighters. New York: Smithmark Publishers Inc. ISBN 0-8317-3939-8.
  • Ledet, Michel; Cortet, Pierre (September 2003). "Le SPAD 510: dernier chasseur biplan de l'Armée de l'Air". Avions (in French). No. 126. pp. 15–25.
  • Ledet, Michel (October 2003). "Le SPAD 510: dernier chasseur biplan de l'Armée de l'Air: En service à la 7 Escadre de Chasse". Avions (in French). No. 127. pp. 48–57.
  • Ledet, Michel (November 2003). "Le SPAD 510: dernier chasseur biplan de l'Armée de l'Air: 1939–1940, une seconde carrière". Avions (in French). No. 128. pp. 5–17.
  • Weal, Elke C., Weal, John A., Barker, Richard F. Combat Aircraft of World War Two
SPAD and Blériot-SPAD aircraft
SPAD aircraft
Blériot-SPAD
aircraft
Fighters & racers
Airliners
Trainers & sports aircraft
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