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{{Merge|Far right in Poland|date=July 2008}} {{Update|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox political party
{{Infobox_Political_Party |
party_name = National Rebirth of Poland | | country = Poland
| name = National Rebirth of Poland
party_logo = ] ||
| native_name = Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski
colorcode = #000000 |
leader = ] | | logo =
| colorcode = {{party color|National Revival of Poland}}
foundation = ] |
| chairman = Adam Gmurczyk
ideology = ], ], ] |
| foundation = 10 November 1981
headquarters = ul. Kredytowa 6/22 00-062 ] |
| headquarters = ul. Kredytowa 6/22 00-062 ]
international = ] |
| ideology = {{nowrap|{{illm|National-radicalism|lt=Nationalradicalism|pl|Narodowy radykalizm}}<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />]<ref name="bombyizrael">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nop.org.pl/img/bomby.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108003705/http://www.nop.org.pl/img/bomby.jpg |archive-date=2007-01-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />]<br />]<ref name="drogalegionisty.pl">{{cite web|url=http://drogalegionisty.pl/?p=971|title=Warszawa: WYWIAD: Adam Gmurczyk – Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski!|website=drogalegionisty.pl|access-date=2021-02-28}}</ref><br />]<ref name="drogalegionisty.pl"/><br />]<ref name="www.nop.org.pl">{{cite web|url=https://www.nop.org.pl/2013/10/16/warszawa-nacjonalisci-w-obronie-zieleni/|title=Warszawa: Nacjonaliści w obronie zieleni|website=www.nop.org.pl|access-date=2021-02-19}}</ref><br />]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nop.org.pl/2014/12/16/w-holdzie-bohaterom-przeciwko-komunizmowi-i-ue/ |date=2014-12-16 |website=National Rebirth of Poland |title=W hołdzie bohaterom – przeciwko komunizmowi i UE |trans-title=In tribute to heroes - against communism and the EU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104212534/http://www.nop.org.pl/2014/12/16/w-holdzie-bohaterom-przeciwko-komunizmowi-i-ue/ |archive-date=2021-11-04 }}</ref><br />]<br />}}
website = </br>
| position = ]<ref name="Shafir">{{Citation |first=Michael |last=Shafir |title=Denying the Shoah in Post-Communist Eastern Europe |work=Holocaust Denial: The Politics of Perfidy |publisher=de Gruyter |year=2012 |page=36}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=Andrew |last=Jakubowicz |title=Notes for a Grave under Snow |work=Imaginary Neighbors: Mediating Polish-Jewish Relations After the Holocaust |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |year=2007 |page=71}}</ref>
| international = ]<ref name="Shafir"/><ref name="Pankowski">{{Citation |first=Rafal |last=Pankowski |title=Poland |encyclopedia=World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia |volume=1 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2006 |page=523}}</ref>
| european =
| europarl =
| religion =
| flag = Flag of National Revival of Poland.svg
| website = <br />
}} }}
'''Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski (NOP)''' ('''National Rebirth of Poland''') is a minor ] ] in ] (reaching 0.6% of the popular vote in regional elections as of 2006). It is a member of ] and a co-founder of ]. '''National Rebirth of Poland''' ({{langx|pl|Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski}}), abbreviated to '''NOP''', is an ] ] ] in ] registered by the District Court in Warsaw and National Electoral Commission. As of the ], the party had no seats in the ]. It was a member of the European National Front.


==History and politics== ==History and politics==
] campaigns. During the 2007 Sejm and Senate elections NOP disseminated poster with slogan – ''Fascism? We are worse!'']]
National Rebirth of Poland was founded as a nationalist discussion group for young people on 10 November 1981.<ref>{{cite book |title=Revolutionary and Dissident Movements of the World |last=Szajkowski |first=Bogdan |year=2004 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=978-0-9543811-2-7 |page=409 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ncoZAQAAIAAJ }}</ref> It joined the ] when that party was founded in 1989, before leaving in February 1990.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe |last=Berglund |first=Sten |author2=Ekman, Joakim |author3=Aarebrot, Frank H. |year=2004 |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-1-84064-854-6 |page=184 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HeRzzwzdfPkC }}</ref> The NOP registered as a political party in 1992. The party is the only far-right organisation to claim to be a successor to the ] (ONR),<ref>Borejsza et al (2006), p. 359</ref> the pre-war nationalist youth organisation, which was banned in 1934.<ref name="shafir"></ref><ref>] and Marcin Kornak. Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe, Cas Mudde (Editor), pp. 156–183. ], 2005. {{ISBN|978-0-415-35593-3}}</ref>


NOP publishes the magazines ''Szczerbiec'' (the name of the ]), which lists neofascists ] and ] among the members of its editorial board,<ref name="shafir" /> ''Młodzież Narodowa'' (''National Youth''), ''Myśl'' (''The Thought''), and ''17 – Cywilizacja Czasów Próby'' (''17 – The Civilization of the Times of Trial'').
The NOP registered as a political party in ]. It claims to be the reincarnation of ], the pre-war nationalist youth organisation, which was banned in 1934<ref name="shafir"></ref>.


In 2009, NOP membership in Poland was estimated at 1000. NOP also has supporters outside Poland, notably among the ] community, including Polish Patriots’ Association residing in ], and the revisionist Polish Historical Institute in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw2001-2/poland.htm |title= Antisemitism and Racism|website=www.tau.ac.il |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404043228/http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw2001-2/poland.htm |archive-date=April 4, 2008}}</ref>
NOP publishes magazine ''Szczerbiec'' (the name of the ]), which lists neofascists ] and ] among the members of its editorial board<ref name="shafir" />, ''Młodzież Narodowa'' (''National Youth''), ''Myśl'' (''The Thought''), and ''Biuletyn NOP''. The publishing house was closed after 1989 and the collapse of the Communist regime.


In 2001, the NOP tried to enter parliamentary politics for the first time. The newly created NOP front organization, the ] (''Sojusz Nowych Sił''), joined the nationalist electoral bloc, ] (''Alternatywa Ruch Społeczny''). Among the NOP candidates were ], the leader of the openly ] ] (''Front Narodowo-Socjalistyczny''). ARS gained just below 0.5% of the votes, and the alliance was dissolved.<ref name="Cas">{{cite book | author = Cas Mudde | author-link=Cas Mudde | title = Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe | year =2005 | publisher = ]| location =London | isbn=0-415-35593-1 | oclc =55228719 | url =https://archive.org/details/racistextremismc00mudd| url-access = limited | page = }}</ref>
In 2001 NOP membership in Poland was estimated at 500, consisting mainly of ]<ref>, by ]</ref>{{,}}<ref name="roth2001"> by ]</ref>.


In the ], the NOP received 0.06% of the vote.<ref> on '']'' website (en)</ref> In the 2006 self-government regional elections, it received 0.30%, or about 41&nbsp;000 votes. In the 2007 parliamentary election, the NOP received 42&nbsp;407 votes in four electoral districts. In the self-government regional elections in 2010, the party received 0.24% of the vote.
In 2001 NOP tried to enter parliamentary politics for the first time. Newly created NOP front organization the ] (''Sojusz Nowych Sil'') joined nationalist electoral bloc ] (''Ruch Spoleczny Alternatywa'', RSA). Among the NOP candidates were ], the leader of openly ] ] (''Front Narodowo-Socjalistyczny''). RSA gained just below 0.5% of the votes and the alliance was dissolved.<ref name="Cas"> {{cite book | author = Cas Mudde | authorlink=Cas Mudde | title = Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe | year =2005 | pages = 162 | publisher = ]| location =London | isbn=0415355931 | oclc =55228719 | url = | format = | accessdate = }}</ref>


In the ], NOP senate candidate Anetta Stemler, running in the 1st electoral district, received 2934 votes, or 3.10%.
In the ] Polish parliamentary elections, the NOP reeived 0.06% of the vote.<ref> on '']'' website (en)</ref> In the ] self-government regional elections, it received 0.64%.


The NOP is known for trying to get media attention with its ] campaigns.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wiadomosci24.pl/artykul/wyborczy_slogan_nop_u_jestesmy_gorsi_od_faszyzmu_44429.html|title=Wiadomości z kraju i ze świata &#124; Nasze Miasto}}</ref> During the ], the NOP distributed election campaign posters with the slogan "Fascism? We are worse."<ref name=autogenerated1 />
] priest Rafał Trytek]]


{{anchor|Faggotry Forbidden}}Another, openly ] shock value campaign conducted by the NOP was called ] (the phrase is a pun meaning both "Cycling Forbidden" and "Faggotry Forbidden").<ref> on NOP's website (pl)</ref> On 17 May 2006 in ], the NOP organized a counter-demonstration against a public ] rights supporters' meeting. NOP members chanted slogans, including "] the queers" (pedały do gazu) and "there will be a baton for a queer face" (znajdzie się kij na pedalski ryj).<ref>http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session1/PL/AI_POL_UPR_S1_2008anx_EUR%2001_017_2006.pdf ]</ref><ref>http://amnesty.org.pl/archiwum/aktualnosci-strona-artykulu/article/4969/71/category/6/neste/1.html?cHash=adf146462f {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001012238/http://amnesty.org.pl/archiwum/aktualnosci-strona-artykulu/article/4969/71/category/6/neste/1.html?cHash=adf146462f |date=2008-10-01 }} ] Polska</ref>
In 2006, the NOP was involved in campaigning to free convicted British historian ] from prison in Austria, and produced a poster that states, "David Irving - Uwolnić prawdę" ("David Irving - Free the truth"<ref name="davidirvingsupport">http://www.nop.org.pl/img/irving.jpg</ref>).
The party also expressed support for the bombing of ] at the time of the ], with a poster image stating, "Bomby na Izrael - Już czas !!!" ("Bombs against Israel - it's about time!!!")<ref name="bombyizrael">http://www.nop.org.pl/img/bomby.jpg</ref>. On ], ], NOP leader ] published a declaration on behalf of the NOP Executive Council titled ''Izrael musi zostać zniszczony!'' (''Israel must be destroyed!''), calling for the international military takeover of Israel, and offering to put administrative control of ] in the hands of ], and his successors.<ref name="gmurczykizraelniszc"></ref>


==Antisemitism and racism==
NOP is known for trying to get media attention with its ] campaigns <ref>http://www.wiadomosci24.pl/artykul/wyborczy_slogan_nop_u_jestesmy_gorsi_od_faszyzmu_44429.html</ref>. During 2007 parliamentary and Senate elections NOP distributed election campaign posters with slogan "Fashism? We are worse"<ref>http://www.wiadomosci24.pl/artykul/wyborczy_slogan_nop_u_jestesmy_gorsi_od_faszyzmu_44429.html</ref>.


The NOP is stated to be an ] organisation by a number of ], ], academic institutions and individual experts worldwide, such as the ],<ref>, ] US State Dept.</ref><ref> US State Dept.</ref> and the ] (ECRI).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session1/PL/CE_POL_UPR_S1_2008anx_ECRIThirdReportdated071204.pdf |title=European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) Third report on Poland Adopted on 17 December 2004 |access-date=2 May 2008 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181919/http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session1/PL/CE_POL_UPR_S1_2008anx_ECRIThirdReportdated071204.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to ], the NOP is promoting violent forms of ] and antisemitism, including ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520142341/http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw2006/poland.htm |date=2008-05-20 }}, by ]</ref>
Another openly ] shock value campiagn conducted by NOP, was called ''Zakaz Pedałowania'' (''Forbid Homosexuality'').<ref> on NOP's website (pl)</ref> On 17 May, 2006 in ] NOP organized a counter-demonstration against ] rights supporters public meeting.
According to the British historian, ], ] elements in the NOP and their racism and homophobia continue to give rise to concern in other member countries of the European Union.<ref>] ''‘Clerical Fascism’: Context, Overview and Conclusion'' in: Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 11, June 2007</ref>
NOP members chanted slogans, including "gas the queers" (pedały do gazu), "there will be a baton for each queer face" (znajdzie się kij na pedalski ryj).<ref> ]</ref>{{,}}<ref> ] Polska</ref>
NOP actions were also condemned by the ], which claims that the NOP is an openly anti-Semitic ] organization.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001193732/http://www.adl.org/international/PolandDemocracyandExtremism.pdf |date=2008-10-01 }}, by ], 2006</ref> According to the magazine '']'', the manifesto of the National Revival of Poland, which contains a sentence stating that "Jews will be removed from Poland, and their possessions will be confiscated", is taken directly from ]'s '']''.<ref name="voice">, Warsaw Voice, 31 July 2003</ref> The magazine also claims that the official greeting gesture used in the party is the Nazi-like gesture of the raised arm.<ref name="voice"/>


A number of NOP-related incidents received some media coverage in Poland and abroad. According to the ], on July 3, 1998, NOP supporters vandalised the ] community centre in ]. Along with racist graffiti, ]s were sprayed onto the office walls. The perpetrators also left behind their signature as NOP – Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski. During the same night, the same group reportedly vandalised the premises of the ] religious group.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.errc.org/cikk.php?cikk=88|title=Roma community center vandalised in Łódź, Poland|website=European Roma Rights Centre}}</ref>
== Party program ==
The official NOP's program includes<ref>(pl) </ref>:


In March 2000, in ], swastikas and the slogan "Jews out!" along with NOP symbols were spray-painted on the home of ], who was the deputy commander in the ] and the last of the leaders of the uprising still alive. The incident was condemned by the president and prime minister of Poland, who sent Edelman letters of support and apology.<ref>, by the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref>
*Interest of the whole (Polish) nation is always before everything - social class, religion beliefs, skin color or politic views.
* Minimal government bureaucracy.
* It wants to end ] and to introduce a voluntary army.
* The party is ] and thus opposes ] and ].
* It is against ] and ].
* Strong opposition to ] and ].
* ] and ].
* It postulates a return of ] (for ]ers, ], ], trade of narcotics, organized crime and for acting against the state of Poland) also big penalties for anything against moral acting such as corruption.
* It is against any form of socialism and liberalism on the moral and economic way of life.
* National Rebirth of Poland says that the party's ideology can't fit in any form of ] and ] so it calls itself the "] movement".
] in 2006 <ref>, ''Dziennik Wschodni'', 17 January 2006</ref> calling to pray for the conversion of the Jews "to one true religion - ]" ]]


NOP ] National-Radical Institute (''Instytut Narodowo-Radykalny'', INR) was involved in publishing Western and Polish Holocaust denial literature. In 1997, INR published a volume of translated works of Western Holocaust deniers under the title ''The Myth of the Holocaust''.<ref name="shafir"/> The same year, INR announced that there were no exterminations in ] at ] concentration camp.<ref name="shafir"/><ref name="kwiet">{{cite book|last=Kwiet|first=Konrad|author2=Jürgen Matthäus|title=Contemporary Responses to the Holocaust|publisher=Greenwood Publishing|year=2004|isbn=0-275-97466-9|page=160}}</ref>
==Anti-Semitism and racism==
The NOP is stated to be an ] organisation by a large number of organisations worldwide such as ]<ref>, ] US State Dept.</ref>{{,}}<ref> US State Dept.</ref>{{,}}<ref></ref>{{,}}<ref>, by ]</ref>{{,}}<ref name="roth2001" />{{,}}<ref name="shafir" />


In 2006, the NOP was involved in campaigning to free convicted British ] ] from prison in ], and produced a poster containing the slogan "David Irving – Uwolnić prawdę" ("David Irving – Free the truth".<ref name="davidirvingsupport">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nop.org.pl/img/irving.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224032706/http://www.nop.org.pl/img/irving.jpg |archive-date=2006-02-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>)
* According to the British historian, ], ] element in the NOP, their racism and homophobia continue to give rise to concern in other member countries of the European Union<ref>] ''‘Clerical Fascism’: Context, Overview and Conclusion'' in: Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 11, June 2007</ref>.


The party also expressed support for the bombing of ] at the time of the ], with a poster image stating, "Bomby na Izrael – Już czas!!!" ("Bombs against Israel – it's about time!!!").<ref name="bombyizrael"/> On August 13, 2006, NOP leader ] published a declaration on behalf of the NOP Executive Council titled ''Izrael musi zostać zniszczony!'' (''Israel must be destroyed!''), calling for the international military takeover of Israel, and offering to put administrative control of ] in the hands of ] and his successors.<ref name="gmurczykizraelniszc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nop.org.pl/|title=Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski (NOP) – Nacjonalistyczna Opozycja}}</ref>
* In March 2000, in ], ]s and the slogan "Jews out!" was spraypainted on the home of Marek Edelman, who was the deputy commander in the Warsaw Ghetto uprising and the last of the leaders of the uprising still alive. The incident was condemned by the president and prime minister of Poland who sent Edelman letters of support and apology<ref>, by the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref>.


On April 14, 2007, in ], antisemitic slogans were shouted and fascist-like gestures made by the participants of an NOP demonstration. Investigations by the Public Prosecutor's Office were discontinued on November 26, 2007, as no perpetrators were identified and the case was not classified as an offense.<ref>, '']'', March 26, 2008</ref>
*The ] states that the NOP is an openly anti-Semitic extremist organization.<ref>, by ], 2006</ref>


==Election results==
*According to ] NOP is promoting violent forms of ] and antisemitism, including ].<ref>, by ]</ref>


===Elections===
*According to the magazine '']'', the manifesto of the National Revival of Poland which contains a sentence stating that "Jews will be removed from Poland, and their possessions will be confiscated" is taken directly from ]'s '']''.<ref name="voice">, Warsaw Voice, 31 July 2003</ref> The magazine also claims that the official greeting gesture used in the party is the Nazi-like gesture of the raised arm.<ref name="voice"/>
In 2001, the NOP tried to enter parliamentary politics for the first time. The newly created NOP front organization, the New Forces Alliance (Sojusz Nowych Sił), joined the nationalist electoral bloc, Alternative Social Movement (Alternatywa Ruch Społeczny). Among the NOP candidates were Marcin Radzewicz, the leader of the openly neo-Nazi National Socialist Front (Front Narodowo-Socjalistyczny). ARS gained just below 0.5% of the votes, and the alliance was dissolved.


In the 2005 parliamentary elections, the NOP received 0.06% of the vote. In the 2006 self-government regional elections, it received 0.30%, or about 41 000 votes. In the 2007 parliamentary election, the NOP received 42 407 votes in four electoral districts. In the self-government regional elections in 2010, the party received 0.24% of the vote.
*According to ], On April 14, 2007 in ] anti-Semitic slogans were shouted and Fascist-like gestures made by the participants of the NOP demonstration. Investigation made by the Public Prosecutor’s Office was discontinued on November 26, 2007 as no perpetrators were identified and the case was not classified as an offense.<ref>, '']'', March 26, 2008</ref>


In the 2011 parliamentary elections, NOP senate candidate Anetta Stemler, running in the 1st electoral district, received 2934 votes, or 3.10%. She failed to win the Senate seat. After the 2011 parliamentary elections, NOP did not take part in any further elections; be it to Sejm, Senate or even local.
*According to ] on July 3, 1998 NOP vandalised ] community centre in ]. Along with racist graffiti swastikas were sprayed on the office walls. The perpetrators also left behind their signature as NOP - Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski. During the same night same group reportedly vandalised the premises of the ] religious group<ref>http://www.errc.org/cikk.php?cikk=88</ref>.


{| class=wikitable
== References ==
|-
{{reflist|2}}
! Election year
! # of<br />votes
! % of<br />vote
! # of<br />overall seats won
! +/–
|-
! ]
| 54,266
| 0.42
| {{Composition bar|0|460|hex={{party color|Congress of the New Right}}}}
|
|-
! ]
| 7,376
| 0.06
| {{Composition bar|0|460|hex={{party color|Congress of the New Right}}}}
|
|-
! ]
|41,000
|0.30
|{{Composition bar|0|561|hex={{party color|Congress of the New Right}}}}
|
|-
! ]
| 42,407
| 0.30
| {{Composition bar|0|460|hex={{party color|Congress of the New Right}}}}
|
|-
! ]
|?
|0.24
|{{Composition bar|0|561|hex={{party color|Congress of the New Right}}}}
|
|-
! ]
| 2,934
| 0.02
| {{Composition bar|0|460|hex={{party color|Congress of the New Right}}}}
|
|}


== External links == ==See also==
* ]
*
* ]
*
* ]
*


==References==
]
{{Reflist|2}}
]
]


==Further reading==
]
*{{cite book |first=Szymon |last=Rudnicki |title=Right-wing Radicalism in Contemporary Poland |work=Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe: Legacies and Lessons From the Twentieth Century |year=2006 |publisher=Berghahn Books |location=Oxford |isbn=978-1-57181-641-2 |pages=354–372 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=olpKYhgrS48C}}
]

]
==External links==
]
*
]
*
]
*
]

]
{{Polish political parties}}
{{Authority control}}

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Latest revision as of 15:42, 18 December 2024

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2018)
Political party in Poland
National Rebirth of Poland Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski
ChairmanAdam Gmurczyk
Founded10 November 1981
Headquartersul. Kredytowa 6/22 00-062 Warsaw
IdeologyNationalradicalism [pl]
Ultranationalism
Polish nationalism
National syndicalism
Anti-globalism
Hard Euroscepticism
Anti-Americanism
Anti-capitalism
Anti-Zionism
Third Position
Corporatism
Distributism
Radical environmentalism
Anti-communism
Neo-fascism
Political positionFar-right
International affiliationInternational Third Position
Party flag
Website
www.nop.org.pl
en.nop.org.pl

National Rebirth of Poland (Polish: Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski), abbreviated to NOP, is an ultranationalist far-right political party in Poland registered by the District Court in Warsaw and National Electoral Commission. As of the 2015 election, the party had no seats in the Polish parliament. It was a member of the European National Front.

History and politics

To gain media attention NOP often runs shock value campaigns. During the 2007 Sejm and Senate elections NOP disseminated poster with slogan – Fascism? We are worse!

National Rebirth of Poland was founded as a nationalist discussion group for young people on 10 November 1981. It joined the Christian National Union when that party was founded in 1989, before leaving in February 1990. The NOP registered as a political party in 1992. The party is the only far-right organisation to claim to be a successor to the National Radical Camp Falanga (ONR), the pre-war nationalist youth organisation, which was banned in 1934.

NOP publishes the magazines Szczerbiec (the name of the Polish royal coronation sword), which lists neofascists Derek Holland and Roberto Fiore among the members of its editorial board, Młodzież Narodowa (National Youth), Myśl (The Thought), and 17 – Cywilizacja Czasów Próby (17 – The Civilization of the Times of Trial).

In 2009, NOP membership in Poland was estimated at 1000. NOP also has supporters outside Poland, notably among the Polish American community, including Polish Patriots’ Association residing in New York City, and the revisionist Polish Historical Institute in Chicago.

In 2001, the NOP tried to enter parliamentary politics for the first time. The newly created NOP front organization, the New Forces Alliance (Sojusz Nowych Sił), joined the nationalist electoral bloc, Alternative Social Movement (Alternatywa Ruch Społeczny). Among the NOP candidates were Marcin Radzewicz, the leader of the openly neo-Nazi National Socialist Front (Front Narodowo-Socjalistyczny). ARS gained just below 0.5% of the votes, and the alliance was dissolved.

In the 2005 parliamentary elections, the NOP received 0.06% of the vote. In the 2006 self-government regional elections, it received 0.30%, or about 41 000 votes. In the 2007 parliamentary election, the NOP received 42 407 votes in four electoral districts. In the self-government regional elections in 2010, the party received 0.24% of the vote.

In the 2011 parliamentary elections, NOP senate candidate Anetta Stemler, running in the 1st electoral district, received 2934 votes, or 3.10%.

The NOP is known for trying to get media attention with its shock value campaigns. During the 2007 parliamentary election, the NOP distributed election campaign posters with the slogan "Fascism? We are worse."

Another, openly homophobic shock value campaign conducted by the NOP was called Zakaz Pedalowania (the phrase is a pun meaning both "Cycling Forbidden" and "Faggotry Forbidden"). On 17 May 2006 in Toruń, the NOP organized a counter-demonstration against a public LGBT rights supporters' meeting. NOP members chanted slogans, including "gas the queers" (pedały do gazu) and "there will be a baton for a queer face" (znajdzie się kij na pedalski ryj).

Antisemitism and racism

The NOP is stated to be an antisemitic organisation by a number of government bodies, nongovernmental organizations, academic institutions and individual experts worldwide, such as the United States Department of State, and the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). According to The Stephen Roth Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism and Racism, the NOP is promoting violent forms of neo-fascism and antisemitism, including Holocaust denial. According to the British historian, Dr John Pollard, neo-Nazi elements in the NOP and their racism and homophobia continue to give rise to concern in other member countries of the European Union. NOP actions were also condemned by the Anti-Defamation League, which claims that the NOP is an openly anti-Semitic extremist organization. According to the magazine The Warsaw voice, the manifesto of the National Revival of Poland, which contains a sentence stating that "Jews will be removed from Poland, and their possessions will be confiscated", is taken directly from Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf. The magazine also claims that the official greeting gesture used in the party is the Nazi-like gesture of the raised arm.

A number of NOP-related incidents received some media coverage in Poland and abroad. According to the European Roma Rights Centre, on July 3, 1998, NOP supporters vandalised the Roma community centre in Łódź. Along with racist graffiti, swastikas were sprayed onto the office walls. The perpetrators also left behind their signature as NOP – Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski. During the same night, the same group reportedly vandalised the premises of the Jehovah's Witnesses religious group.

In March 2000, in Łódź, swastikas and the slogan "Jews out!" along with NOP symbols were spray-painted on the home of Marek Edelman, who was the deputy commander in the Warsaw Ghetto uprising and the last of the leaders of the uprising still alive. The incident was condemned by the president and prime minister of Poland, who sent Edelman letters of support and apology.

NOP front organization National-Radical Institute (Instytut Narodowo-Radykalny, INR) was involved in publishing Western and Polish Holocaust denial literature. In 1997, INR published a volume of translated works of Western Holocaust deniers under the title The Myth of the Holocaust. The same year, INR announced that there were no exterminations in gas chambers at Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp.

In 2006, the NOP was involved in campaigning to free convicted British Holocaust denier David Irving from prison in Austria, and produced a poster containing the slogan "David Irving – Uwolnić prawdę" ("David Irving – Free the truth".)

The party also expressed support for the bombing of Israel at the time of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, with a poster image stating, "Bomby na Izrael – Już czas!!!" ("Bombs against Israel – it's about time!!!"). On August 13, 2006, NOP leader Adam Gmurczyk published a declaration on behalf of the NOP Executive Council titled Izrael musi zostać zniszczony! (Israel must be destroyed!), calling for the international military takeover of Israel, and offering to put administrative control of Jerusalem in the hands of Pope Benedict XVI and his successors.

On April 14, 2007, in Kraków, antisemitic slogans were shouted and fascist-like gestures made by the participants of an NOP demonstration. Investigations by the Public Prosecutor's Office were discontinued on November 26, 2007, as no perpetrators were identified and the case was not classified as an offense.

Election results

Elections

In 2001, the NOP tried to enter parliamentary politics for the first time. The newly created NOP front organization, the New Forces Alliance (Sojusz Nowych Sił), joined the nationalist electoral bloc, Alternative Social Movement (Alternatywa Ruch Społeczny). Among the NOP candidates were Marcin Radzewicz, the leader of the openly neo-Nazi National Socialist Front (Front Narodowo-Socjalistyczny). ARS gained just below 0.5% of the votes, and the alliance was dissolved.

In the 2005 parliamentary elections, the NOP received 0.06% of the vote. In the 2006 self-government regional elections, it received 0.30%, or about 41 000 votes. In the 2007 parliamentary election, the NOP received 42 407 votes in four electoral districts. In the self-government regional elections in 2010, the party received 0.24% of the vote.

In the 2011 parliamentary elections, NOP senate candidate Anetta Stemler, running in the 1st electoral district, received 2934 votes, or 3.10%. She failed to win the Senate seat. After the 2011 parliamentary elections, NOP did not take part in any further elections; be it to Sejm, Senate or even local.

Election year # of
votes 		% of
vote 		# of
overall seats won 		+/–
2001 54,266 0.42 0 / 460
2005 7,376 0.06 0 / 460
2006 41,000 0.30 0 / 561
2007 42,407 0.30 0 / 460
2010 ? 0.24 0 / 561
2011 2,934 0.02 0 / 460

See also

References

  1. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-01-08. Retrieved 2006-08-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ "Warszawa: WYWIAD: Adam Gmurczyk – Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski!". drogalegionisty.pl. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
  3. "Warszawa: Nacjonaliści w obronie zieleni". www.nop.org.pl. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  4. "W hołdzie bohaterom – przeciwko komunizmowi i UE" [In tribute to heroes - against communism and the EU]. National Rebirth of Poland. 2014-12-16. Archived from the original on 2021-11-04.
  5. ^ Shafir, Michael (2012), "Denying the Shoah in Post-Communist Eastern Europe", Holocaust Denial: The Politics of Perfidy, de Gruyter, p. 36
  6. Jakubowicz, Andrew (2007), "Notes for a Grave under Snow", Imaginary Neighbors: Mediating Polish-Jewish Relations After the Holocaust, University of Nebraska Press, p. 71
  7. Pankowski, Rafal (2006), "Poland", World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, vol. 1, ABC-CLIO, p. 523
  8. Szajkowski, Bogdan (2004). Revolutionary and Dissident Movements of the World. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 409. ISBN 978-0-9543811-2-7.
  9. Berglund, Sten; Ekman, Joakim; Aarebrot, Frank H. (2004). The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 184. ISBN 978-1-84064-854-6.
  10. Borejsza et al (2006), p. 359
  11. ^ Michael Shafir Varieties of Antisemitism in Post-communist East Central Europe: Motivations and Political Discourse
  12. Rafał Pankowski and Marcin Kornak. Poland. Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe, Cas Mudde (Editor), pp. 156–183. Routledge, 2005. ISBN 978-0-415-35593-3
  13. "Antisemitism and Racism". www.tau.ac.il. Archived from the original on April 4, 2008.
  14. Cas Mudde (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. London: Routledge. p. 162. ISBN 0-415-35593-1. OCLC 55228719.
  15. Elections 2005 on Gazeta Wyborcza website (en)
  16. ^ "Wiadomości z kraju i ze świata | Nasze Miasto".
  17. « Zakaz Pedałowania » on NOP's website (pl)
  18. http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session1/PL/AI_POL_UPR_S1_2008anx_EUR%2001_017_2006.pdf United Nations Human Rights Council
  19. http://amnesty.org.pl/archiwum/aktualnosci-strona-artykulu/article/4969/71/category/6/neste/1.html?cHash=adf146462f Archived 2008-10-01 at the Wayback Machine Amnesty International Polska
  20. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor US State Dept.
  21. International Religious Freedom Report 2007 US State Dept.
  22. "European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) Third report on Poland Adopted on 17 December 2004" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  23. Poland 2006 Archived 2008-05-20 at the Wayback Machine, by Stephen Roth Institute
  24. John Pollard ‘Clerical Fascism’: Context, Overview and Conclusion in: Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 11, June 2007
  25. Poland: Democracy and the Challenge of Extremism Archived 2008-10-01 at the Wayback Machine, by Anti-Defamation League, 2006
  26. ^ RACE: Fighting Fascism, Warsaw Voice, 31 July 2003
  27. "Roma community center vandalised in Łódź, Poland". European Roma Rights Centre.
  28. Anti-Semitic Incidents – March 2000, by the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  29. Kwiet, Konrad; Jürgen Matthäus (2004). Contemporary Responses to the Holocaust. Greenwood Publishing. p. 160. ISBN 0-275-97466-9.
  30. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-02-24. Retrieved 2006-08-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  31. "Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski (NOP) – Nacjonalistyczna Opozycja".
  32. « Anti-Semitic Incidents In Poland », The Jewish Press, March 26, 2008

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