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{{short description|Chain of more than 20 seamounts in the Atlantic Ocean}}
]
{{Infobox Seamount
⚫ The '''New England Seamount chain''' is an underwater chain of ] in the ] stretching over 1,000&nbsp;kilometers from the edge of the ] off the coast of ] southeast to the ]. The chain consists of over twenty ], many rising over 4,000&nbsp;meters from the ].<ref name="Yale">{{cite web | title = Yale Peabody Museum: Invertebrate Zoology: Deep Sea Fauna from New England Seamounts | work = Yale Environmental News | publisher = Yale University | year = 2004 | url = http://www.yale.edu/peabody/collections/iz/iz_seamount.html | accessdate = 2007-07-31 }}</ref><ref name="NOAA1">{{cite web | title = The New England Seamounts | work = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | publisher = U.S. Department of Commerce | year = 2005 | url = http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mountains/background/plan/plan.html | author = Ivar Babb | accessdate = 2007-07-31 }}</ref> It is the longest seamount chain in the North Atlantic and harbors a diverse range of ] fauna.<ref name="NOAA1"/> Scientists have visited the chain on various occasions to survey the geologic makeup and ] of the region. The chain was formed by the movement of the ] over the ]. The oldest volcanoes that were formed by the same hotspot are northwest of ], ].
⚫ | name=New England Seamounts
| map=
| map_caption=The New England Seamounts
| depth=
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| location= North ]
| pushpin_map =North Atlantic
| group=
| coordinates = {{Coord|37|24|N|60|00|W|display=inline,title}}
| country =
| type=
| volcanic_group=
| age=
| last_eruption=
| discovered=
| Discovered_by=
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| translation=
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| photo=NewEngland Seamount Chain.jpg
| photo_caption=
}}

⚫ The '''New England Seamounts''' is a chain of over twenty underwater ] known as ]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.whoi.edu/know-your-ocean/ocean-topics/seafloor-below/seamounts|title=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution - Seamounts|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-date=2022-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121155653/https://www.whoi.edu/know-your-ocean/ocean-topics/seafloor-below/seamounts|url-status=dead}}</ref> This chain is located off the coast of ] in the ] and extends over {{Convert|1000|km|sp=us|sigfig=1}} from the edge of ]. Many of the peaks of these mountains rise over {{Convert|4000|m|sp=us}} from the ].<ref name="Yale">{{cite web | title = Yale Peabody Museum: Invertebrate Zoology: Deep Sea Fauna from New England Seamounts | work = Yale Environmental News | publisher = Yale University | year = 2004 | url = http://www.yale.edu/peabody/collections/iz/iz_seamount.html | accessdate = 2007-07-31 }}</ref><ref name="NOAA1">{{cite web | title = The New England Seamounts | work = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | publisher = U.S. Department of Commerce | year = 2005 | url = http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mountains/background/plan/plan.html | author = Ivar Babb | accessdate = 2007-07-31 }}</ref> The New England Seamounts chain is the longest such chain in the North Atlantic and is home to a diverse range of ] fauna.<ref name="NOAA1"/> Scientists have visited the chain on various occasions to survey the geologic makeup and ] of the region. The chain is part of the ] and was formed by the movement of the ] over the ]. The oldest volcanoes that were formed by the same hotspot are northwest of ], ]. Part of the seamount chain is protected by ].

A variety of different names have been used to refer to this seamount range, including the '''Kelvin Seamounts''', '''Kelvin Seamount Group''', '''Kelvin Banks''', '''New England Seamount Chain''' and the '''Bermuda-New England Seamount Arc''' (including the ], which contains the archipelago of ] and Argus and Challenger Banks, and ], and other seamounts intervening roughly between Bermuda and ]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=4565|title=Marine Gazetteer Placedetails|accessdate=2017-02-20}}</ref>


==Formation== ==Formation==
⚫ The New England hotspot, also referred to as the Great Meteor hotspot, formed the ] 124&nbsp;to&nbsp;100&nbsp;million&nbsp;years ago when the ] was directly over the zone. As the continent ] to the west, the hotspot gradually moved offshore. On a southeasterly course, the hotspot formed ], the oldest seamount in the chain, about 100&nbsp;to&nbsp;103&nbsp;million&nbsp;years ago. Over the course of millions of years, the hotspot continued to create the other seamounts in the chain, culminating about 83&nbsp;million&nbsp;years ago with the creation of the ]. As the Atlantic Ocean continued to ], the hotspot eventually "travelled" further east, forming the ] south of the ], where it is located today.<ref name="NOAA2">{{cite web | title = Geological Origin of the New England Seamount Chain | work = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | publisher = U.S. Department of Commerce | year = 2005 | url = http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mountains/background/geology/geology.html | accessdate = 2007-07-31 }}</ref> The New England Seamounts were once at or above ]. As time passed, however, and the chain moved farther away from the New England hotspot, the ] cooled and contracted, and the chain sank into the ocean. All the peaks are now a kilometer or more below the surface.
]
⚫ The New England hotspot, also referred to as the Great Meteor hotspot, formed the ] 124&nbsp;to&nbsp;100&nbsp;million&nbsp;years ago when the ] was directly overhead. As the continent ] to the west, the hotspot gradually moved offshore. On a southeasterly course, the hotspot formed Bear Seamount, the oldest in the chain, about 100&nbsp;to&nbsp;103&nbsp;million&nbsp;years ago. Over the course of millions of years, it continued creating the rest of the seamounts, eventually culminating in the ] about 83&nbsp;million&nbsp;years ago. As the Atlantic Ocean continued to ], the hotspot eventually "traveled" further east, forming the Great Meteor Seamount south of the ], where it is found today.<ref name="NOAA2">{{cite web | title = Geological Origin of the New England Seamount Chain | work = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | publisher = U.S. Department of Commerce | year = 2005 | url = http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mountains/background/geology/geology.html | accessdate = 2007-07-31 }}</ref> The New England Seamounts were once at or above ]. As time passed, however, and the chain moved farther away from the hotspot, the ] cooled and contracted, sinking back down to the ocean. The peaks are now all a kilometer or more below the surface.
⚫ ], and ]]]


==Biota== ==Biota==
⚫ ] ], a ] ], and ]s]]
The seamount chain provides a unique habitat for ] marine creatures. ] formations grow on the rocky outcrops, resembling underwater forests that provide shelter for ] and fish.<ref name="NOAA3">{{cite web | title = Seamount Coral Communities | work = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | publisher = U.S. Department of Commerce | year = 2005 | url = http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mountains/background/larvae/larvae.html | author = Susan Mills | accessdate = 2007-07-31 }}</ref> Due to the expenses and difficulties of studying the deep ocean, little was known of the creatures that inhabited the New England Seamounts. In fact, before recent expeditions, there was only one known coral species in the entire chain.<ref name="NOAA1"/> Marine biologists caught and classified over 203 species of fish and 214 species of invertebrates on the ] in various exploratory studies since ].<ref name="NOAA1"/> This range of diversity suggests that other seamounts may harbor more unknown macro-organisms. In fact, during one survey, a species of ] believed to be found only near Australia was identified.<ref name="NewsReport">{{Citation | last = Petit | first = Charles | title = Denizens of the deep: In obscure marine ecosystems, clues to the origins of life | newspaper = ] | date = 2004-08-08 | url = http://www.usnews.com/usnews/culture/articles/040816/16eco_2.htm | accessdate = 2007-07-31}}</ref> Corals, ], and ] make up a large portion of the creatures found on the seamount. These organisms act as ], identifying potential problems in the ecosystem.<ref name="NOAA1"/> The seamount chain provides a unique habitat for ] marine creatures. ] formations grow on the rocky outcrops, resembling underwater forests that provide shelter for ]s and fish.<ref name="NOAA3">{{cite web | title = Seamount Coral Communities | work = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | publisher = U.S. Department of Commerce | year = 2005 | url = http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mountains/background/larvae/larvae.html | author = Susan Mills | accessdate = 2007-07-31 }}</ref> Due to the expense and difficulties of studying the deep ocean, little was known of the creatures that inhabited the New England Seamounts. In fact, before recent expeditions, there was only one known coral species in the entire chain.<ref name="NOAA1"/> Since 2000, marine biologists, during various exploratory studies, have caught and classified over 203 species of fish and 214 species of invertebrates on the ].<ref name="NOAA1"/> This range of diversity suggests that other seamounts may harbour more unknown macro-organisms. During one survey, a species of ], believed to be found only near Australia, was identified.<ref name="NewsReport">{{Cite news|last=Petit |first=Charles |title=Denizens of the deep: In obscure marine ecosystems, clues to the origins of life |newspaper=] |date=2004-08-08 |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/culture/articles/040816/16eco_2.htm |accessdate=2007-07-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124415/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/culture/articles/040816/16eco_2.htm |archivedate=2007-09-29 }}</ref> Corals, ]s, and ]s make up a large portion of the creatures found on the seamount. These organisms act as ], identifying potential problems in the ecosystem.<ref name="NOAA1"/>
<br style="clear:both;"/>
{{clear}}
==Seamounts==
]
]
The New England Seamounts include:


*Allegheny Seamount {{Coord|36|52|7.6|N|58|44|16.4|W|display=inline}}
⚫ ==See Also==
*Asterias Seamount {{Coord|38|53|56|N|65|17|59.8|W|display=inline}}
*Balanus Seamount {{Coord|39|22|58.8|N|65|22|47.3|W|display=inline}}
*] (National Monument) {{coord|39|55|N|67|24|W|type:mountain_region:XZ |display=inline}}
*Buell Seamount {{Coord|39|3|46.6|N|66|24|0.3|W|display=inline}}
*Gerda Seamount {{Coord|36|14|13.8|N|57|29|56.1|W|display=inline}}
*Gilliss Seamount
*Gosnold Seamount (guyot) {{coord|38|6|55.2|N|62|15|54.9|W|display=inline}}
*Gregg Seamount (guyot)
*Hodgson Seamount {{Coord|35|34|56.8|N|58|40|0|W|display=inline}}
*Kelvin Seamount (guyot) {{Coord|39|19|6.5|N|64|31|21.1|W|display=inline}}
*Kiwi Seamount {{Coord|39|19|6.5|N|64|31|21.1|W|display=inline}}
*Manning Seamount {{Coord|38|9|54.5|N|60|40|0|W|display=inline}}
*Michael Seamount {{Coord|36|21|56.6|N|58|21|2.2|W|display=inline}}
*Mytilus Seamount (National Monument) {{Coord|39|21|37.2|N|67|8|48.2|W|display=inline}}
*Nashville Seamount {{Coord|34|59|59.7|N|57|21|3.7|W|display=inline}}
*Panulirus Seamount {{Coord|38|28|1.6|N|64|47|11.6|W|display=inline}}
*Picket Seamount {{Coord|39|38|9.9|N|65|58|52.8|W|display=inline}}
*Physalia Seamount (National Monument) {{Coord|39|48|18.3|N|66|52|45.6|W|display=inline}}
*Rehoboth Seamount (guyot) {{Coord|37|32|5.3|N|59|55|59.3|W|display=inline}}
*Retriever Seamount (National Monument) {{Coord|39|47|37.6|N|66|14|41.3|W|display=inline}}
*San Pablo Seamount {{Coord|38|56|23.3|N|60|27|25.8|W|display=inline}}
*Sheldrake Seamount {{Coord|38|26|29.5|N|62|5|9|W|display=inline}}
*Vogel Seamount (guyot) {{Coord|37|13|41.1|N|60|14|48.2|W|display=inline}}


⚫ ==See also==
⚫ * ]
*]
*]
*]


==References== ==References==
{{Commons category|New England Seamount Chain}}

{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
*{{cite cgndb|id=MADIP|title=New England Seamount Chain|accessdate=2017-02-20}}
* International Seabed Authority. * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121155658/https://isa.org.jm/files/documents/EN/Workshops/Mar06/Watling.pdf |date=2022-01-21 }} International Seabed Authority.


⚫ ]
] ]
]
⚫ ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 21:20, 10 November 2024

Chain of more than 20 seamounts in the Atlantic Ocean
New England Seamounts
New England Seamounts is located in North AtlanticNew England SeamountsThe New England Seamounts
Location
LocationNorth Atlantic Ocean
Coordinates37°24′N 60°00′W / 37.400°N 60.000°W / 37.400; -60.000

The New England Seamounts is a chain of over twenty underwater extinct volcanic mountains known as seamounts. This chain is located off the coast of Massachusetts in the Atlantic Ocean and extends over 1,000 kilometers (600 mi) from the edge of Georges Bank. Many of the peaks of these mountains rise over 4,000 meters (13,000 ft) from the seabed. The New England Seamounts chain is the longest such chain in the North Atlantic and is home to a diverse range of deep sea fauna. Scientists have visited the chain on various occasions to survey the geologic makeup and biota of the region. The chain is part of the Great Meteor hotspot track and was formed by the movement of the North American Plate over the New England hotspot. The oldest volcanoes that were formed by the same hotspot are northwest of Hudson Bay, Canada. Part of the seamount chain is protected by Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument.

A variety of different names have been used to refer to this seamount range, including the Kelvin Seamounts, Kelvin Seamount Group, Kelvin Banks, New England Seamount Chain and the Bermuda-New England Seamount Arc (including the Bermuda Pedestal, which contains the archipelago of Bermuda and Argus and Challenger Banks, and Bowditch Seamount, and other seamounts intervening roughly between Bermuda and Nashville Seamount).

Formation

The New England hotspot, also referred to as the Great Meteor hotspot, formed the White Mountains 124 to 100 million years ago when the North American continent was directly over the zone. As the continent drifted to the west, the hotspot gradually moved offshore. On a southeasterly course, the hotspot formed Bear Seamount, the oldest seamount in the chain, about 100 to 103 million years ago. Over the course of millions of years, the hotspot continued to create the other seamounts in the chain, culminating about 83 million years ago with the creation of the Nashville Seamount. As the Atlantic Ocean continued to spread, the hotspot eventually "travelled" further east, forming the Great Meteor Seamount south of the Azores, where it is located today. The New England Seamounts were once at or above sea level. As time passed, however, and the chain moved farther away from the New England hotspot, the crust cooled and contracted, and the chain sank into the ocean. All the peaks are now a kilometer or more below the surface.

Biota

Some animals from the New England Seamounts: gorgonian soft coral, a brisingid sea star, and sponges

The seamount chain provides a unique habitat for deep sea marine creatures. Coral formations grow on the rocky outcrops, resembling underwater forests that provide shelter for invertebrates and fish. Due to the expense and difficulties of studying the deep ocean, little was known of the creatures that inhabited the New England Seamounts. In fact, before recent expeditions, there was only one known coral species in the entire chain. Since 2000, marine biologists, during various exploratory studies, have caught and classified over 203 species of fish and 214 species of invertebrates on the Bear Seamount. This range of diversity suggests that other seamounts may harbour more unknown macro-organisms. During one survey, a species of cutthroat eel, believed to be found only near Australia, was identified. Corals, echinoderms, and crustaceans make up a large portion of the creatures found on the seamount. These organisms act as indicator species, identifying potential problems in the ecosystem.

Seamounts

Map of the New England Seamounts showing the locations of Bear, Kelvin and Manning seamounts
3-D depiction of Bear Seamount, with Physalia Seamount in the background

The New England Seamounts include:

See also

References

  1. "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution - Seamounts". Archived from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
  2. "Yale Peabody Museum: Invertebrate Zoology: Deep Sea Fauna from New England Seamounts". Yale Environmental News. Yale University. 2004. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
  3. ^ Ivar Babb (2005). "The New England Seamounts". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
  4. "Marine Gazetteer Placedetails". Retrieved 2017-02-20.
  5. "Geological Origin of the New England Seamount Chain". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. U.S. Department of Commerce. 2005. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
  6. Susan Mills (2005). "Seamount Coral Communities". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
  7. Petit, Charles (2004-08-08). "Denizens of the deep: In obscure marine ecosystems, clues to the origins of life". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-07-31.

External links

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