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{{Short description|1629 peace treaty of the Polish-Swedish war}}
The six-year '''Truce of Altmark''' (or '''Treaty of Stary Targ''') was signed on ], ] at the Altmarkt (]), near ] (Gdańsk) by ] and ] during ], ending the ]. mostly fought on Prussian soil.
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{{Use American English|date = January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = January 2019}}
__NOTOC__
{{Infobox Treaty
| name = Truce of Altmark
| image = Rozejm polsko-szwedzki.jpg
| caption = Bilingual Polish and Swedish memorial stone in ]
| type = ]
| date_signed = 16 (O.S.)/26 (N.S.) September 1629
| location_signed = Altmark (]), ]
| parties =
* ] ]<hr />
* ] ]
}}
The six-year '''Truce of Altmark''' (or '''Treaty of Stary Targ''', {{langx|pl|Rozejm w Altmarku}}, {{langx|sv|Stillståndet i Altmark}}) was signed on 16 (O.S.)/26 (N.S.) September 1629 in the village of Altmark (]), in Poland, by the ] and ], with helped by ]'s envoy ] ending the ]，and freeing ] to enter the ].<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/truce_altmark.html|title= Truce of Altmark, 12 September 1629 |publisher= historyofwar.org
|accessdate=June 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wedgwood |first=C.V. |title=The Thirty Years War |date=1938 |publisher=New York Review of Books |isbn=978-1-59017-146-2 |edition=2005|pages=385–386}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Porshnev|first=B F.|title=Muscovy and Sweden in the Thirty Years' War 1630-1635|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=1995|isbn=9780521451390}}</ref>


==Provisions==
Sweden retains control of ] and the mouth of the ] river. Sweden also evacuated most of the ], but keept the coastal cities, which had opened their gates to the ''savior of the Lutherans''. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, supported by the Catholic empire, got back other Swedish gains since the ] invasion. The greater part of Livonia north of the ] (]) was ceded to Sweden, though ], the southeastern area, remained under Commonwealth rule. Sweden received rights to 2/3 of all the shipping tolls at ports in western Prussia, such as ] and ] and from the eastern ] ports for the next six years. These shipping tolls financed Sweden's involvement in the ].
The truce allowed Sweden to retain control of ]. Sweden also evacuated most of the ] but kept the coastal cities. Poland had other Swedish gains returned from the 1625 invasion. Most of Livonia north of the ] was ceded to Sweden (]), but ], the southeastern area, remained under Polish rule. Sweden received the right to two third of all the shipping tolls at Polish ports, such as at ] (Danzig) and ] and from the ], for six years. The shipping tolls financed Sweden's involvement in the ].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.smb.nu/svenskakrig/freder/1629.asp#selection-683.0-683.28|archive-url= https://archive.today/20160106082917/http://wayback.archive.org/web/20071022092102/http://www.smb.nu/svenskakrig/freder/1629.asp#selection-683.0-683.28|url-status= dead|archive-date= 2016-01-06|title= Stilleståndet i Altmark 1629|publisher=svenskakrig/freder |author= Ulf Sundber |date= 1997
|accessdate=June 1, 2019}}</ref>


The Truce of Altmark was signed shortly after Sweden had been defeated by Poland led by ] ] and ] troops at ], which nearly lead to the capture of King ]. Gustavus was wounded several times and was once saved by one of his men.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.polamjournal.com/Library/Biographies/hetman/hetman.html|title= Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski|publisher= Polish American Journal|author= Stanley A. Ciesielski|accessdate= June 1, 2019|archive-date= 2 October 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181002215132/http://www.polamjournal.com/Library/Biographies/hetman/hetman.html|url-status= dead}}</ref>
In ], the truce was extended, but after the 1632 death of Gustav Adolph, Sweden under ] gave up the Prussian ports. In turn Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ceded most of Livonia with ], keeping the ] area. The Truce of Altmark was signed shortly after Polish Commonwealth and ] troops at ] (]) (also (]) were exausted, starvation and pest set in, Polish sejm did not pay the soldiers of the imperial army under ] and they mutineered or went over to the Swedish side. Several other countries intervened diplomaticly and ]. was forced to enter piece negotiations. King ] was several times wounded and at one pont saved by one of his men.

The Polish Parliament ('']'') did not impose new taxes to pay the soldiers of the imperial army fighting under ] and low morale made some of them mutiny or go over to Sweden. Several other countries intervened diplomatically, which eventually forced ] to enter the truce.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0001/bsb00016233/images/index.html?seite=390|title= Hans Georg V A Boitzenburg|publisher= Neue deutsche Biographie
|accessdate=July 1, 2019}}</ref>

In 1635, the truce was extended by the ]. Sweden gave up the Prussian ports, and Poland ceded most of Livonia with ] but kept the ] region.

The most important result of the truce was that it solidified Sweden's position as the ruler of the northern part of the ] down to the ], including ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wolke |first=Lars Ericson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RqBxBgAAQBAJ |title=1658: Tåget över bält |publisher=Historiska Media |year=2014 |isbn=9789187031984 |pages=14 |language=sv |trans-title=1658: March across the Belts}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
⚫ {{Polish truces and peace treaties}}
*] *]
*]


==External links== ==References==
{{Reflist}}
⚫ *
⚫ *
*


==Other Sources==
*Ulf Sundberg (2002) ''Svenska freder och stillestånd 1249-1814'' (Hjalmarson & Högberg) {{ISBN|9789189080980}}


==External links==
{{law-stub}}
===Scan and edition of the treaty===
*
*

===Further reading===
⚫ *
⚫ *

⚫ {{Polish truces and peace treaties}}
{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 19:55, 13 November 2024

1629 peace treaty of the Polish-Swedish war

Truce of Altmark
Bilingual Polish and Swedish memorial stone in Stary Targ
TypeCeasefire
Signed16 (O.S.)/26 (N.S.) September 1629
LocationAltmark (Stary Targ), Poland
Parties

The six-year Truce of Altmark (or Treaty of Stary Targ, Polish: Rozejm w Altmarku, Swedish: Stillståndet i Altmark) was signed on 16 (O.S.)/26 (N.S.) September 1629 in the village of Altmark (Stary Targ), in Poland, by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden, with helped by Richelieu's envoy Charnacé ending the Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)，and freeing Gustavus to enter the Thirty Years' War.

Provisions

The truce allowed Sweden to retain control of Livonia. Sweden also evacuated most of the Duchy of Prussia but kept the coastal cities. Poland had other Swedish gains returned from the 1625 invasion. Most of Livonia north of the Daugava River was ceded to Sweden (Swedish Livonia), but Latgale, the southeastern area, remained under Polish rule. Sweden received the right to two third of all the shipping tolls at Polish ports, such as at Gdańsk (Danzig) and Elbląg (Elbing) and from the Duchy of Prussia, for six years. The shipping tolls financed Sweden's involvement in the Thirty Years' War.

The Truce of Altmark was signed shortly after Sweden had been defeated by Poland led by Field Crown Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski and Holy Roman Imperial troops at Trzciana, which nearly lead to the capture of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. Gustavus was wounded several times and was once saved by one of his men.

The Polish Parliament (Sejm) did not impose new taxes to pay the soldiers of the imperial army fighting under Hans Georg von Arnim-Boitzenburg and low morale made some of them mutiny or go over to Sweden. Several other countries intervened diplomatically, which eventually forced Sigismund III of Poland to enter the truce.

In 1635, the truce was extended by the Treaty of Stuhmsdorf. Sweden gave up the Prussian ports, and Poland ceded most of Livonia with Riga but kept the Latgale region.

The most important result of the truce was that it solidified Sweden's position as the ruler of the northern part of the Baltic Sea down to the Daugava, including Riga.

See also

References

  1. "Truce of Altmark, 12 September 1629". historyofwar.org. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  2. Wedgwood, C.V. (1938). The Thirty Years War (2005 ed.). New York Review of Books. pp. 385–386. ISBN 978-1-59017-146-2.
  3. Porshnev, B F. (1995). Muscovy and Sweden in the Thirty Years' War 1630-1635. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521451390.
  4. Ulf Sundber (1997). "Stilleståndet i Altmark 1629". svenskakrig/freder. Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  5. Stanley A. Ciesielski. "Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski". Polish American Journal. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  6. "Hans Georg V A Boitzenburg". Neue deutsche Biographie. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  7. Wolke, Lars Ericson (2014). 1658: Tåget över bält [1658: March across the Belts] (in Swedish). Historiska Media. p. 14. ISBN 9789187031984.

Other Sources

  • Ulf Sundberg (2002) Svenska freder och stillestånd 1249-1814 (Hjalmarson & Högberg) ISBN 9789189080980

External links

Scan and edition of the treaty

Further reading

Polish truces and peace treaties
Kingdom of Poland
Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth
With Muscovy
With the Ottoman Empire
With Sweden
With Cossacks
With others
Second Polish Republic
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