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{{Short description|National anthem of Syria}}
{{distinguish|Humat al-Hima}}
{{Infobox anthem {{Infobox anthem
| title = حُمَاةَ الدِّيَار | title = {{lang|ar|italic=no|حُمَاةَ الدَّيَّارِ}}
| transcription = Ħumāt ad-Diyār | transcription = {{transl|ar|italic=no|Ḥumāt ad-Diyār}}
| english_title = Guardians of the Homeland | english_title = '''Guardians of the Homeland'''
| image = Flag of Syria.svg | image = Coat of arms of Syria (2024–present).svg
| image_size = | image_size = 150px
| caption = Flag of Syria. | prefix = National
| prefix = National | country = ]
| country = {{SYR}} | author = ]
| lyrics_date = 1936
| author = ]
| composer = ]
| lyrics_date =
| composer = ] | music_date = 1936
| music_date = | adopted = 1938
| until = 1958<!--DO NOT ADD 2024 UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE!-->
| adopted = 1936
| until = | readopted = 1961
| predecessor = ] and ]
| sound = syrianthem.mid<!--Will be uploaded shortly from Canada's Syrian Consulate-->
| sound = National Anthem of Syria.ogg
| sound_title = Ħumāt ad-Diyār (Instrumental)
| sound_title = ] instrumental version (one verse)
}} }}
{{Culture of Syria}}
'''“Ħumāt ad-Diyār”''' ({{lang-ar|'''حُمَاةَ الدِّيَار'''}}, translated '''Guardians of the Homeland''', is the ] of ], with lyrics written by ] and the music by ], who also composed the ] of the ], as well as many other Arab folk songs. It was adopted in ] and temporarily fell from use when Syria joined the ] with ] in ]. It was decided that the national anthem of the UAR would be a combination of the then-Egyptian anthem and ''Ħumāt ad-Diyār''. When Syria seceded from the union in ], the anthem was completely restored.
"'''{{transl|ar|italic=no|Ḥumāt ad-Diyār}}'''" ({{langx|ar|حُمَاةَ الدَّيَّارِ|lit=Guardians of the Homeland}}) was written as <!-- Deliberately vague --> the ] of ],{{Efn|Syria has been governed by a ] since the ] on 8 December 2024, with no announcement thus far if this song will continue to be used as the national anthem. The ] previously used a version with additional lyrics, calling for the overthrow of Assad.}} with lyrics written by ] and the music by ], who also composed the ] of ] as well as many other Arab folk songs.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311015420/http://www.rtv.gov.sy/index.php?d=362 |date=11 مارس 2016}}</ref>


==Text== ==History==
It was adopted in 1938 after a national competition was held by ] nationalist Syrian government to choose a state anthem for the ] two years after the ] was signed which gave Syria limited autonomy and future independence. The anthem was initially set to lose the competition, but it later won the competition after it gained rapid popularity amongst the Syrian population which put pressure on the competition's committee to reconsider its decisions, and eventually the anthem won and was adopted by the government as Syria's national anthem.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-14 |title=أناشيد وطنية عربية تعددت جنسيات صناعها |url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/art-and-culture-43049090 |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=BBC News عربي |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-12-27 |title=النشيد الوطني |url=http://www.damascus-online.com/Arabic/music/national_songs/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227124828/http://www.damascus-online.com/Arabic/music/national_songs/index.htm |archive-date=2010-12-27 |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Damascus Online}}</ref>
===Arabic===
{|
| align="right" | {{rtl-para|ar|حـماةَ الـديارِ عليكمْ سـلامْ<br/>
أبَتْ أنْ تـذِلَّ النفـوسُ الكرامْ<br/>
عـرينُ العروبةِ بيتٌ حَـرام<br/>
وعرشُ الشّموسِ حِمَىً لا يُضَامْ<br/>
ربوعُ الشّـآمِ بـروجُ العَـلا<br/>
تُحاكي السّـماءَ بعـالي السَّـنا<br/>
فأرضٌ زهتْ بالشّموسِ الوِضَا<br/>
سَـماءٌ لَعَمـرُكَ أو كالسَّـما


It temporarily fell from use when Syria joined the ] (UAR) with ]. In 1958, it was decided that the national anthem of the UAR would be a combination of the then-Egyptian national anthem "]" and "{{transl|ar|italic=no|Ḥumāt ad-Diyār}}". In 1960, it was replaced by the national anthem of UAR ].
رفيـفُ الأماني وخَفـقُ الفؤادْ<br/>
] and Humat ad-Diyar, performed together as the anthem of the ] between 1958 and 1960.]]
عـلى عَـلَمٍ ضَمَّ شَـمْلَ البلادْ<br/>

أما فيهِ منْ كُـلِّ عـينٍ سَـوادْ<br/>
When Syria seceded from the union in 1961, "Ḥumat ad-Diyār" was completely restored and has been used ever since as the national anthem of Syria.
ومِـن دمِ كـلِّ شَـهيدٍ مِـدادْ؟<br/>

نفـوسٌ أبـاةٌ ومـاضٍ مجيـدْ<br/>
==Structure==
وروحُ الأضاحي رقيبٌ عَـتيدْ<br/>
] was the writer of the Syrian national anthem's lyrics.<ref name="Al Azmenah">{{cite web|author=Al Azmenah|title=خليل مردم بك |url=http://www.alazmenah.com/new/?page=show_det&category_id=21&id=80874|access-date=3 January 2007|quote=ولد خليل بن أحمد مختار مردم بك في دمشق عام 1895، من أصل تركي.}}</ref>]]
فمِـنّا الوليـدُ و مِـنّا الرّشـيدْ<br/>

فلـمْ لا نَسُـودُ ولِمْ لا نشـيد؟}}
The Syrian national anthem is divided into four ] ]s, each containing four ]. The ] used is an Arabic form called "]", where each stanza has the same final rhyme in its component lines, giving the following rhyme scheme in the anthem: AAAA, BBBB, CCCC, DDDD. All of the lines in the state anthem consist each of 11 syllables, all of which have the same ], which is as follows: \ / ˘ \ / ˘ \ / ˘ \ / where \ is an intermediate stress, / is a strong stress, and ˘ is unstressed. Although, for simplicity, an alternative stress scheme is offered that does not recognize intermediate stresses, and that scheme is: / / ˘ / / ˘ / / ˘ / /. In either case, there are 11 syllables per line, and the ruba'i rhyme scheme.

==Lyrics==
The Syrian national anthem is divided into four stanzas, each pertaining to a different and unique aspect of Syria from the remaining stanzas. Although the name of the anthem is "Guardians of the Homeland", which is a metaphor for the ], only the first stanza in fact talks about said army. The stanza breakdown is as follows: The first stanza is about ], and its role in defending the nation and in defending the citizens' integrity and Arabness. The second stanza is about ], where it talks about Syria's plains, mountains, and sunlit skies. The third stanza is about ], their hopes, martyrs, and flag. The fourth stanza talks about ], from its past and present to its future.

===Arabic original===
{| class="wikitable"
!]<ref>{{Cite web |title=موقع وزارة الخارجية والمغتربين- الجمهورية العربية السورية |url=http://www.mofaex.gov.sy/ar/pages262/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Syrian Arab Republic - Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates}}</ref>
!] (EALL)
!] transcription{{efn|See ] and ].}}
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
|<poem dir="rtl" style="line-height:1.52em;">{{lang|ar|'''١'''
حُـمَاةَ الـدِّيَارِ عَلَيْكُمْ سَـلَامْ
أَبَتْ أَنْ تَـذِلَّ النُّفُـوْسُ الْكِرَام
عَـرِيْنُ الْعُرُوْبَةِ بَيْتٌ حَـرَام
وَعَرْشُ الشُّمُوْسِ حِمَىً لَّا يُضَامْ

𝄇 رُبُوْعُ الشَّـآمِ بُـرُوْجُ الْعَـلَا
تُحَاكِي السَّـمَاءَ بِعَـالِي السَّـنَا 𝄆
فَأَرْضٌ زَهَتْ بِالشُّمُوْسِ الْوِضَا
سَـمَاءٌ لَعَمْـرُكَ أَوْ كَالسَّـمَا

'''٢'''
رَفِيْـفُ الْأَمَانِيْ وَخَفْـقُ الْفُؤادْ
عَـلٰى عَـلَمٍ ضَمَّ شَـمْلَ الْبِلَادْ
أَمَا فِيْهِ مِنْ كُـلِّ عَـيْنٍ سَـوَادْ
وَمِـنْ دَمِ كُـلِّ شَـهِيْدٍ مِـدَادْ؟

𝄇 نُفُـوْسٌ أُبَـاةٌ وَمَـاضٍ مَجِيْـد
وَرُوْحُ الْأَضَاحِيْ رَقِيْبٌ عَـتِيْد 𝄆
فَمِـنَّا الْوَلِيْـدُ وَ مِـنَّا الرَّشِـيْد
فَلِـمْ لَا نَسُـوْدُ وَلِمْ لَا نَشِيْد؟}}</poem>
|<poem>{{transl|ar|italic=no|'''I'''
Ḥumāt ad-diyāri ʿalaykum salām
ʾAbat ʾan taḏilla n-nufūsu l-kirām
ʿArīnu l-ʿurūbati baytun ḥarām
Wa-ʿaršu š-šumūsi ḥiman lā yuḍām

𝄆 Rubūʿu š-šaʾāmi burūju l-ʿalā
Tuḥākī s-samāʾa bi-ʿālī s-sanā 𝄇
Fa-ʾarḍun zahat bi-š-šumūsi l-wiḍā
Samāʾun la-ʿamruka ʾaw ka-s-samā

'''II'''
Rafīfu l-ʾamānī wa-xafqu l-fuʾād
ʿAla ʿalamin ḍamma šamla l-bilād
ʾAmā fīhi min kulli ʿaynin sawād
Wa-min dami kulli šahīdin midād?

𝄆 Nufūsun ʾubātun wa-māḍin majīd
Wa-rūḥu l-ʾaḍāḥī raqībun ʿatīd 𝄇
Fa-minnā l-Walīdu wa-minnā r-Rashīd
Fa-lim lā nasūdu wa-lim lā nashīd?}}</poem>
|<poem>{{IPA|wrap=none|'''1'''

𝄆
𝄇

'''2'''

𝄆
𝄇
}}</poem>
|} |}


===English translations===
===Latin-alphabet transliteration===
{| class="wikitable"
:Humat ad diari ]
!Literal translation{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}
:Abat an tazila an nufusu al kiram
!Artistic translation by Muhaned Elhindi{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}
:Arinu al urubati beyton haram
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
:Wa Aarshu ash shumusi himan la yudam
|<poem>'''I'''
:Robughu as shami buruju al Aala
Guardians of the homeland, upon you be peace,
:Tohaki as suma'a bia'ali alsana
proud spirits refuse to be humiliated.
:Fa ardon zahat bilshumusi al widaa'a
The den of ] is a sacred sanctuary,
:Samaon limaroka aw kal sama
and the throne of the suns is a preserve that will not be subjugated.


𝄆 The quarters of ] are towers in height,
:Rafifu alamani wakhafku alfuad
which are in dialogue with the zenith of the skies. 𝄇
:Aala aalamen damma shamla al bilad
A land resplendent with brilliant suns,
:Ama fihi min kuli ainen sawad
becoming another sky or almost a sky.
:Wa min dami kuli shahiden midad
:Noufuson ubaton wa madin magid
:Wa rouhu al adahi rakibon atid
:Fa minna al walidu wa minna al rashid
:Fa lem la nasudu wa lem la nasheed


'''II'''
The flutter of hopes and the beat of the heart,
are on a ].
Is there not blackness from every eye,
and ink from every martyr's blood?


𝄆 spirits are defiant and history is glorious,
==External links==
and our martyrs' souls are formidable guardians. 𝄇
* - The website "Damascus Online" features a vocal version of the anthem among its collection of Syrian patriotic songs.
From us is ], and from us is ].
* - This website about Syria includes a page with an Instrumental version of "Homat el Diyar".
So why then shall we not lead, why then shall we not rise?</poem>
|<poem>'''I'''
Guardians of homeland, upon you be peace,
our ever-proud souls refuse to be seized.
The den of Arabism is our sacred home,
and the throne of our suns will never go down.


𝄆 The mountains of Syria are towers in height,
which talk with the zenith of the highest skies. 𝄇
A land that is splendid with brilliant sun,
turning to a sky or almost a sky.

'''II'''
The flutter of our hopes and the beats of our hearts,
depicted on the flag that united our land.
Did we not derive the black from every man's eye,
and from ink of martyrs' blood wrote to the tall sky?

𝄆 Spirits defiant and past so glorious,
and the martyrs' souls are our guardians. 𝄇
From us, a nation of souls and bravery,
Thy glory comes from us, my homeland!</poem>
|}

==See also==
*"]", the national anthem of Iraq, also composed by Mohammed Flayfel
*]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*
{{Nationalanthemsofasia}} {{Nationalanthemsofasia}}


{{authority control}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Humat ad-Diyar}}
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Latest revision as of 20:11, 28 December 2024

National anthem of Syria Not to be confused with Humat al-Hima.
Ḥumāt ad-Diyār
English: Guardians of the Homeland
حُمَاةَ الدَّيَّارِ
National anthem of Syria
LyricsKhalil Mardam Bey, 1936
MusicMohammed Flayfel, 1936
Adopted1938
Readopted1961
Relinquished1958
Preceded byWalla Zaman Ya Selahy and Suriyah Ya, Dat al-Majdi
Audio sample
U.S. Navy Band instrumental version (one verse)
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"Ḥumāt ad-Diyār" (Arabic: حُمَاةَ الدَّيَّارِ, lit. 'Guardians of the Homeland') was written as the national anthem of Syria, with lyrics written by Khalil Mardam Bey and the music by Mohammed Flayfel, who also composed the national anthem of Iraq as well as many other Arab folk songs.

History

It was adopted in 1938 after a national competition was held by Hashim al-Atassi's nationalist Syrian government to choose a state anthem for the new republic two years after the Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence was signed which gave Syria limited autonomy and future independence. The anthem was initially set to lose the competition, but it later won the competition after it gained rapid popularity amongst the Syrian population which put pressure on the competition's committee to reconsider its decisions, and eventually the anthem won and was adopted by the government as Syria's national anthem.

It temporarily fell from use when Syria joined the United Arab Republic (UAR) with Egypt. In 1958, it was decided that the national anthem of the UAR would be a combination of the then-Egyptian national anthem "Salam Affandina" and "Ḥumāt ad-Diyār". In 1960, it was replaced by the national anthem of UAR Walla Zaman Ya Selahy.

Salam Affandina and Humat ad-Diyar, performed together as the anthem of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1960.

When Syria seceded from the union in 1961, "Ḥumat ad-Diyār" was completely restored and has been used ever since as the national anthem of Syria.

Structure

Damascus-born Khalil Mardam Bey was the writer of the Syrian national anthem's lyrics.

The Syrian national anthem is divided into four quatrain stanzas, each containing four lines. The rhyme scheme used is an Arabic form called "Ruba'i", where each stanza has the same final rhyme in its component lines, giving the following rhyme scheme in the anthem: AAAA, BBBB, CCCC, DDDD. All of the lines in the state anthem consist each of 11 syllables, all of which have the same system of scansion, which is as follows: \ / ˘ \ / ˘ \ / ˘ \ / where \ is an intermediate stress, / is a strong stress, and ˘ is unstressed. Although, for simplicity, an alternative stress scheme is offered that does not recognize intermediate stresses, and that scheme is: / / ˘ / / ˘ / / ˘ / /. In either case, there are 11 syllables per line, and the ruba'i rhyme scheme.

Lyrics

The Syrian national anthem is divided into four stanzas, each pertaining to a different and unique aspect of Syria from the remaining stanzas. Although the name of the anthem is "Guardians of the Homeland", which is a metaphor for the Syrian military, only the first stanza in fact talks about said army. The stanza breakdown is as follows: The first stanza is about Syria's army, and its role in defending the nation and in defending the citizens' integrity and Arabness. The second stanza is about Syria's scenery and terrain, where it talks about Syria's plains, mountains, and sunlit skies. The third stanza is about Syria's people, their hopes, martyrs, and flag. The fourth stanza talks about Syria's history, from its past and present to its future.

Arabic original

Arabic script Romanization (EALL) IPA transcription

١
حُـمَاةَ الـدِّيَارِ عَلَيْكُمْ سَـلَامْ
أَبَتْ أَنْ تَـذِلَّ النُّفُـوْسُ الْكِرَام
عَـرِيْنُ الْعُرُوْبَةِ بَيْتٌ حَـرَام
وَعَرْشُ الشُّمُوْسِ حِمَىً لَّا يُضَامْ

𝄇 رُبُوْعُ الشَّـآمِ بُـرُوْجُ الْعَـلَا
تُحَاكِي السَّـمَاءَ بِعَـالِي السَّـنَا 𝄆
فَأَرْضٌ زَهَتْ بِالشُّمُوْسِ الْوِضَا
سَـمَاءٌ لَعَمْـرُكَ أَوْ كَالسَّـمَا

٢
رَفِيْـفُ الْأَمَانِيْ وَخَفْـقُ الْفُؤادْ
عَـلٰى عَـلَمٍ ضَمَّ شَـمْلَ الْبِلَادْ
أَمَا فِيْهِ مِنْ كُـلِّ عَـيْنٍ سَـوَادْ
وَمِـنْ دَمِ كُـلِّ شَـهِيْدٍ مِـدَادْ؟

𝄇 نُفُـوْسٌ أُبَـاةٌ وَمَـاضٍ مَجِيْـد
وَرُوْحُ الْأَضَاحِيْ رَقِيْبٌ عَـتِيْد 𝄆
فَمِـنَّا الْوَلِيْـدُ وَ مِـنَّا الرَّشِـيْد
فَلِـمْ لَا نَسُـوْدُ وَلِمْ لَا نَشِيْد؟

I
Ḥumāt ad-diyāri ʿalaykum salām
ʾAbat ʾan taḏilla n-nufūsu l-kirām
ʿArīnu l-ʿurūbati baytun ḥarām
Wa-ʿaršu š-šumūsi ḥiman lā yuḍām

𝄆 Rubūʿu š-šaʾāmi burūju l-ʿalā
Tuḥākī s-samāʾa bi-ʿālī s-sanā 𝄇
Fa-ʾarḍun zahat bi-š-šumūsi l-wiḍā
Samāʾun la-ʿamruka ʾaw ka-s-samā

II
Rafīfu l-ʾamānī wa-xafqu l-fuʾād
ʿAla ʿalamin ḍamma šamla l-bilād
ʾAmā fīhi min kulli ʿaynin sawād
Wa-min dami kulli šahīdin midād?

𝄆 Nufūsun ʾubātun wa-māḍin majīd
Wa-rūḥu l-ʾaḍāḥī raqībun ʿatīd 𝄇
Fa-minnā l-Walīdu wa-minnā r-Rashīd
Fa-lim lā nasūdu wa-lim lā nashīd?

1





𝄆
𝄇



2





𝄆
𝄇

English translations

Literal translation Artistic translation by Muhaned Elhindi

I
Guardians of the homeland, upon you be peace,
proud spirits refuse to be humiliated.
The den of Arabism is a sacred sanctuary,
and the throne of the suns is a preserve that will not be subjugated.

𝄆 The quarters of Levant are towers in height,
which are in dialogue with the zenith of the skies. 𝄇
A land resplendent with brilliant suns,
becoming another sky or almost a sky.

II
The flutter of hopes and the beat of the heart,
are on a flag that united the entire country.
Is there not blackness from every eye,
and ink from every martyr's blood?

𝄆 spirits are defiant and history is glorious,
and our martyrs' souls are formidable guardians. 𝄇
From us is al-Walīd, and from us is al-Rashīd.
So why then shall we not lead, why then shall we not rise?

I
Guardians of homeland, upon you be peace,
our ever-proud souls refuse to be seized.
The den of Arabism is our sacred home,
and the throne of our suns will never go down.

𝄆 The mountains of Syria are towers in height,
which talk with the zenith of the highest skies. 𝄇
A land that is splendid with brilliant sun,
turning to a sky or almost a sky.

II
The flutter of our hopes and the beats of our hearts,
depicted on the flag that united our land.
Did we not derive the black from every man's eye,
and from ink of martyrs' blood wrote to the tall sky?

𝄆 Spirits defiant and past so glorious,
and the martyrs' souls are our guardians. 𝄇
From us, a nation of souls and bravery,
Thy glory comes from us, my homeland!

See also

Notes

  1. Syria has been governed by a transitional government since the fall of the Assad regime on 8 December 2024, with no announcement thus far if this song will continue to be used as the national anthem. The Syrian opposition previously used a version with additional lyrics, calling for the overthrow of Assad.
  2. See Help:IPA/Arabic and North Levantine Arabic.

References

  1. قائمة برامج التلفزيون العربي السوري Archived 2016-03-11 at the Wayback Machine
  2. "أناشيد وطنية عربية تعددت جنسيات صناعها". BBC News عربي (in Arabic). 2018-02-14. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  3. "النشيد الوطني". Damascus Online. 2010-12-27. Archived from the original on 2010-12-27. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  4. Al Azmenah. "خليل مردم بك". Retrieved 3 January 2007. ولد خليل بن أحمد مختار مردم بك في دمشق عام 1895، من أصل تركي.
  5. "موقع وزارة الخارجية والمغتربين- الجمهورية العربية السورية". Syrian Arab Republic - Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates. Retrieved 2022-03-19.

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