Misplaced Pages

Metodi Shatorov: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 17:17, 15 September 2008 editCukiger (talk | contribs)1,301 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit Latest revision as of 09:26, 29 October 2024 edit undoMonkbot (talk | contribs)Bots3,695,952 editsm Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 2);Tag: AWB 
(276 intermediate revisions by 89 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Bulgarian communist leader (1897–1944)}}]
{{Unreferenced|date=June 2008}}
⚫ ]
'''Metodi Tasev Shatorov - Sharlo''' (]: Методи Шаторов - Шарло and ]: Методиja Шаторов - Шарло) (born 1897 in ], present-day ] - died 1944 near ], ]) was a bulgarophile ] political figure and outstanding leader of the ] communists during the first half of ].


'''Metodi Tasev Shatorov - Sharlo''' ({{langx|bg|Методи Шаторов - Шарло}}; {{langx|mk|Методиja Шаторов - Шарло}}; January 10, 1897 – September 1944) was a ] activist and also the temporary leader of the ] in 1940-1941. Like most ] politicians from ], during the 1930s he adopted the ], about the recognition of a distinct ] national identity.<ref>{{cite book |title=Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume Two |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l0RWAgAAQBAJ&dq=metodi+sharlo&pg=PA589 |author1=Diana Mishkova |author2=Roumen Daskalov |date=2013 |pages=530–531 |isbn=978-9004261914 }}</ref> However, such Macedonian communist functionaries, originating from the ] (BCP) and ] (IMRO (United)), maintained ] sentiments.<ref>Palmer, S. and R. King Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian Question, Archon Books (June 1971), p. 137.</ref><ref>, Dennis P. Hupchick, Palgrave Macmillan, 1995, {{ISBN|0-312-12116-4}}, р. 153.</ref><ref>Вера Ацева го тврди следното: "Прво, другари, ако се чита писмото на Методија Шаторов-Шарло, напишано по распуштањето на Покраинскиот комитет и неговото сменување од секретар на ПК на КПЈ на Македонија ќе се види дека тој во душата е Бугарин. Целото негово дејствување преку летото 1941 година, како секретар на ПК, беше подредено на тоа Македонија да биде составен дел на Бугарија. Јас лично го познавам, сум работела со него, сум била член на ПК, па според тоа, можам повеќе и да судам".(види: "Дискусија на Вера Ацева, Скопје во НОВ, 1941", Скопје, 1973, стр. 379)</ref><ref>, Marshall Lee Miller, Stanford University Press, 1975,{{ISBN|0-8047-0870-3}}, pp. 130-131.</ref><ref></ref>
He became a member of ] in 1920 and was also member of ]. As significant party's worker, he grew as functionary of ]. In 1940 he was chosen as Secretary of the Macedonian Regional Committee of ]. In April 1941, after the Bulgarian invasion of ] during the ], the Macedonian communists fell in the sphere of influence of the ] under Sharlo's leadership. The Macedonian Regional Committee refused to remain in contact with the YCP and linked up with BCP as soon as the invasion of Yugoslavia started. Sharlo refused to distribute the proclamation of the YCP which called for military action against ].


==Biography==
For his pro-Bulgarian actions, he was later sentenced to death by the Yugoslav communist party. After that Shatorov went to ] in 1943 and began working as one of the leaders of ]'s partisan movement. He was killed under unknown circumstances in 1944 in a battle between partisans and gendarmerie in the ] mountains near the city of Pazardjik.
⚫ Shatorov's supporters in Vardar Macedonia, called ''Sharlisti'', were systematically exterminated by the ] in the autumn of ], and repressed for their anti-Yugoslav and pro-Bulgarian political positions.


Shatorov was born on January 10, 1897, in ], then in the ] of the ]. He graduated from the local ]'s junior school in Prilep and afterwards from the Bulgarian men's high school in ].<ref>Воин Трайков Божинов, Българската просвета в Македония и Одринска Тракия 1878-1913, Българска Академия на Науките, 1982, стр. 219.</ref> He also attended the Bulgarian pedagogic school in ] in 1914-1915. In 1918 the ] withdrew from ] and ] annexed the area. He immediately emigrated to ], where he became a member of the ] in 1920. Furthermore, Sharlo was arrested for his participation in the ] in 1923. In 1925 he became also a member of the ] - de facto a BCP creation. As a significant party worker, he grew as a functionary of the ] and a member of the BCP Central Committee. He was imprisoned several times and emigrated to the ] for political reasons. During the ] Sharlo went to Paris as a coordinator of BCP. During ] the Comintern sent him back to Vardar Macedonia (being then part of the ] under the name 'Vardarska Banovina') to serve as a Secretary of the ] of the ] (YCP) since 1940. After the Bulgarian takeover of ] in April 1941, the ]n ] fell in the sphere of influence of the BCP under Sharlo's leadership.<ref>, Valentina Georgieva, Sasha Konechni, Scarecrow Press, 1998, {{ISBN|0-8108-3336-0}}, p. 223.</ref> The Macedonian Regional Committee refused to remain in contact with the ] and linked up with BCP as soon as the invasion of Yugoslavia started.<ref>, Hugh Poulton, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1995, {{ISBN|1-85065-238-4}}, p.102</ref> Sharlo refused to distribute the proclamation of the YCP which called for military action against the ].<ref>, Marshall Lee Miller, Stanford University Press, 1975, {{ISBN|0-8047-0870-3}}, p. 131.</ref> He also became prominent with his anti-Serbian political views. The local committee of the YCP claimed that the ] liberated the local population from the oppressive and despised Serbian bondage. Shatorov, a dedicated anti-fascist, was credited with the slogan "One people, one country, one party", by which he approved the Bulgarian invasion.<ref>Macedonian and Bulgarian national nihilism, Ivan Alexandrov, Macedonian Patriotic Organization "Todor Alexandroff' Australia, {{ISBN|0-646-14079-5}}, p. 22.</ref> For him not the Bulgarians, but the ] were the occupiers of Vardar Macedonia.<ref>Dimitris Livanios, The Macedonian Question: Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939-1949, Oxford Historical Monographs, OUP Oxford, 2008, {{ISBN|0191528722}}, p. 120.</ref>
⚫ {{DEFAULTSORT:Satorov Sarlo, Metodi}}
⚫ ]
⚫ ]
⚫ ]
⚫ ]
]


While the Bulgarian communists avoided organising mass armed uprising against the Bulgarian authorities in Vardar Macedonia, the Yugoslav communists insisted on an armed revolt. Upon the decision of the ] and ] himself the Macedonian communists were reattached to CPY. Sharlo's leadership was terminated, but the vestiges of his policy among part of the communist activists were preserved. Despite his expulsion, the new executive bodies of the Macedonian Regional Committees continued to share Shatorov's ideas until 1943. This policy changed since 1943 with the arrival of the Tito's envoy ] ]. He began in earnest to organise armed resistance to the Bulgarian rule and sharply criticized Sharlo's pro-Bulgarian policy.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
{{Bulgaria-bio-stub}}
{{Macedonia-bio-stub}}


Consequently, for his actions Sharlo was expelled from the YCP and in the late 1941 he moved again to ], where he began working as one of the ] leaders (under the nickname 'Panayot'). He was among the most active organizers of the ].
]

]
Sharlo was heavily wounded and died under unknown circumstances after September 5, 1944, when a battle between partisans and gendarmerie on ] in the Western ] mountains, between ] and ] occurred. As Shatorov was previously subjected to devastating criticism from the ], there are alleged suggestion that he was killed by Yugoslav communists' order as a politically inconvenient leader.<ref>Убийството на Методи Шаторов, Илия Стефанов, ИК "Военно издателство", {{ISBN|954-509-332-3}}.</ref> This happened only several days before the ] of September, 9 (backed by the ]) installed a new government of the ]. As per the autopsy report, he died after 9 September, i.e. after the old regime's end, and until then he was not discovered neither by his comrades nor by the new authorities.<ref>The forensic medical report on the death of Shatorov was prepared by Dr. David Popov after an autopsy done on September 16, 1944. It is written there that Shatorov died of his wounds 5-6 days after the battle of Milevi Skali on September 4, i.e., it is likely that he died ca. September 9-10, 1944. For more see: Илия Стефанов, Убийството на Методи Шаторов, Военно издателство, 2006, {{ISBN|9545093323}}.</ref>
]

⚫ Shatorov's supporters in Vardar Macedonia called ''Sharlisti'', were criticised by the YCP, and after WWII repressed for their anti-Yugoslav and pro-Bulgarian political positions. After the ] and the ] he was partially rehabilitated in current ] only in 2005.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Metodi Shatorov partizanin.JPG|Monument of Metodi Shatorov in ], ]
File:Metodi_Shatorov_4_November_1928.jpg|Excerpt from Shatorov's Bulgarian police file
File:Shatorov's paper-2.jpg|Shatorov's ] paper
File:Metodi_Schatorov_Denkmal_in_Pasardschik_Parkinsel.jpg|Monument of Metodi Shatorov in ], ]
File:Milevi_skali_2012_21.JPG|Memorial plaque for the 12 fallen partisans on Milevi Skali
⚫ File:Metodija Satorov-Sarlo.jpg|Photo of Shatorov
File:Milevi_skali_peak_03.JPG|View of Milevi Skali peak, with a monument to the partisans who fell there
</gallery>

== Footnotes ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}
*
*
*
*
*
*
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070424121115/http://www.bgbook.dir.bg/book.php?ID=18882 |date=2007-04-24 }}
*
*
*

{{Authority control}}

⚫ {{DEFAULTSORT:Shatorov, Metodi}}
]
]
]
]
⚫ ]
]
⚫ ]
]
]
⚫ ]
⚫ ]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 09:26, 29 October 2024

Bulgarian communist leader (1897–1944)
Metodi Shatorov (1939) official document

Metodi Tasev Shatorov - Sharlo (Bulgarian: Методи Шаторов - Шарло; Macedonian: Методиja Шаторов - Шарло; January 10, 1897 – September 1944) was a Bulgarian Communist Party activist and also the temporary leader of the Regional Committee of Communists in Macedonia in 1940-1941. Like most left-wing politicians from Macedonia, during the 1930s he adopted the Resolution of the Comintern on the Macedonian question, about the recognition of a distinct Macedonian national identity. However, such Macedonian communist functionaries, originating from the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) and Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (United) (IMRO (United)), maintained pro-Bulgarian sentiments.

Biography

Shatorov was born on January 10, 1897, in Prilep, then in the Manastir vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. He graduated from the local Bulgarian Exarchate's junior school in Prilep and afterwards from the Bulgarian men's high school in Bitola. He also attended the Bulgarian pedagogic school in Skopje in 1914-1915. In 1918 the Bulgarian Army withdrew from Vardar Macedonia and Serbia annexed the area. He immediately emigrated to Bulgaria, where he became a member of the BCP in 1920. Furthermore, Sharlo was arrested for his participation in the September Uprising in 1923. In 1925 he became also a member of the IMRO (United) - de facto a BCP creation. As a significant party worker, he grew as a functionary of the Comintern and a member of the BCP Central Committee. He was imprisoned several times and emigrated to the Soviet Union for political reasons. During the Spanish Civil War Sharlo went to Paris as a coordinator of BCP. During World War II the Comintern sent him back to Vardar Macedonia (being then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia under the name 'Vardarska Banovina') to serve as a Secretary of the Macedonian Regional Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party (YCP) since 1940. After the Bulgarian takeover of Vardarska Banovina in April 1941, the Vardar Macedonian communists fell in the sphere of influence of the BCP under Sharlo's leadership. The Macedonian Regional Committee refused to remain in contact with the YCP and linked up with BCP as soon as the invasion of Yugoslavia started. Sharlo refused to distribute the proclamation of the YCP which called for military action against the Bulgarians. He also became prominent with his anti-Serbian political views. The local committee of the YCP claimed that the Bulgarian army liberated the local population from the oppressive and despised Serbian bondage. Shatorov, a dedicated anti-fascist, was credited with the slogan "One people, one country, one party", by which he approved the Bulgarian invasion. For him not the Bulgarians, but the Serbs were the occupiers of Vardar Macedonia.

While the Bulgarian communists avoided organising mass armed uprising against the Bulgarian authorities in Vardar Macedonia, the Yugoslav communists insisted on an armed revolt. Upon the decision of the Comintern and Joseph Stalin himself the Macedonian communists were reattached to CPY. Sharlo's leadership was terminated, but the vestiges of his policy among part of the communist activists were preserved. Despite his expulsion, the new executive bodies of the Macedonian Regional Committees continued to share Shatorov's ideas until 1943. This policy changed since 1943 with the arrival of the Tito's envoy Montenegrin Serb Svetozar Vukmanović-Tempo. He began in earnest to organise armed resistance to the Bulgarian rule and sharply criticized Sharlo's pro-Bulgarian policy.

Consequently, for his actions Sharlo was expelled from the YCP and in the late 1941 he moved again to Sofia, where he began working as one of the Bulgarian resistance movement leaders (under the nickname 'Panayot'). He was among the most active organizers of the rescue of the Bulgarian Jews.

Sharlo was heavily wounded and died under unknown circumstances after September 5, 1944, when a battle between partisans and gendarmerie on Milevi Skali in the Western Rhodope mountains, between Septemvri and Velingrad occurred. As Shatorov was previously subjected to devastating criticism from the Yugoslav Communist Party, there are alleged suggestion that he was killed by Yugoslav communists' order as a politically inconvenient leader. This happened only several days before the Communist coup d'état of September, 9 (backed by the Red Army) installed a new government of the Fatherland Front. As per the autopsy report, he died after 9 September, i.e. after the old regime's end, and until then he was not discovered neither by his comrades nor by the new authorities.

Shatorov's supporters in Vardar Macedonia called Sharlisti, were criticised by the YCP, and after WWII repressed for their anti-Yugoslav and pro-Bulgarian political positions. After the breakup of Yugoslavia and the fall of Communism he was partially rehabilitated in current North Macedonia only in 2005.

Gallery

  • Monument of Metodi Shatorov in Bratsigovo, Bulgaria Monument of Metodi Shatorov in Bratsigovo, Bulgaria
  • Excerpt from Shatorov's Bulgarian police file Excerpt from Shatorov's Bulgarian police file
  • Shatorov's Yugoslav paper Shatorov's Yugoslav paper
  • Monument of Metodi Shatorov in Pazardzhik, Bulgaria Monument of Metodi Shatorov in Pazardzhik, Bulgaria
  • Memorial plaque for the 12 fallen partisans on Milevi Skali Memorial plaque for the 12 fallen partisans on Milevi Skali
  • Photo of Shatorov Photo of Shatorov
  • View of Milevi Skali peak, with a monument to the partisans who fell there View of Milevi Skali peak, with a monument to the partisans who fell there

Footnotes

  1. Diana Mishkova; Roumen Daskalov (2013). Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume Two. pp. 530–531. ISBN 978-9004261914.
  2. Palmer, S. and R. King Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian Question, Archon Books (June 1971), p. 137.
  3. Conflict and chaos in Eastern Europe, Dennis P. Hupchick, Palgrave Macmillan, 1995, ISBN 0-312-12116-4, р. 153.
  4. Вера Ацева го тврди следното: "Прво, другари, ако се чита писмото на Методија Шаторов-Шарло, напишано по распуштањето на Покраинскиот комитет и неговото сменување од секретар на ПК на КПЈ на Македонија ќе се види дека тој во душата е Бугарин. Целото негово дејствување преку летото 1941 година, како секретар на ПК, беше подредено на тоа Македонија да биде составен дел на Бугарија. Јас лично го познавам, сум работела со него, сум била член на ПК, па според тоа, можам повеќе и да судам".(види: "Дискусија на Вера Ацева, Скопје во НОВ, 1941", Скопје, 1973, стр. 379)
  5. Bulgaria during the Second World War, Marshall Lee Miller, Stanford University Press, 1975,ISBN 0-8047-0870-3, pp. 130-131.
  6. Utre zhivotŭt shte bŭde nash: spomeni, Vladimir Tanov, Partizdat, 1980, p. 132
  7. Воин Трайков Божинов, Българската просвета в Македония и Одринска Тракия 1878-1913, Българска Академия на Науките, 1982, стр. 219.
  8. Historical dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Valentina Georgieva, Sasha Konechni, Scarecrow Press, 1998, ISBN 0-8108-3336-0, p. 223.
  9. Who are the Macedonians?, Hugh Poulton, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1995, ISBN 1-85065-238-4, p.102
  10. Bulgaria during the Second World War, Marshall Lee Miller, Stanford University Press, 1975, ISBN 0-8047-0870-3, p. 131.
  11. Macedonian and Bulgarian national nihilism, Ivan Alexandrov, Macedonian Patriotic Organization "Todor Alexandroff' Australia, ISBN 0-646-14079-5, p. 22.
  12. Dimitris Livanios, The Macedonian Question: Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939-1949, Oxford Historical Monographs, OUP Oxford, 2008, ISBN 0191528722, p. 120.
  13. Убийството на Методи Шаторов, Илия Стефанов, ИК "Военно издателство", ISBN 954-509-332-3.
  14. The forensic medical report on the death of Shatorov was prepared by Dr. David Popov after an autopsy done on September 16, 1944. It is written there that Shatorov died of his wounds 5-6 days after the battle of Milevi Skali on September 4, i.e., it is likely that he died ca. September 9-10, 1944. For more see: Илия Стефанов, Убийството на Методи Шаторов, Военно издателство, 2006, ISBN 9545093323.

External links

Media related to Metodi Shatorov at Wikimedia Commons

Categories: