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{{Short description|Carthaginian military leader and politician (c. 270–221 BC)}}
'''Hasdrubal the Fair''' (d. 221 BC) was a ] leader.
{{Infobox person
| name = Hasdrubal the Fair
| image = AsdrubalBusto.jpg
| caption = Hasdrubal ] in ]
| birth_date = Circa 270 BC
| birth_place = Carthage
| death_date = 221 BC
| death_place = ]
| death_cause = Assassination
| occupation = Military leader and politician
| predecessor = ]
| successor = ]
}}


'''Hasdrubal the Fair''' ({{langx|xpu|𐤏𐤆𐤓{{popdf}}𐤁{{popdf}}𐤏𐤋{{popdf}}}},{{sfnp|Huss|1985|p=}} ''ʿAzrobaʿl''; {{c.|270}}–221{{nbsp}}BC) was a ] military leader and politician, governor in Iberia after ]'s death, and founder of ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hasdrubal – MSN Encarta <!-- BOT GENERATED TITLE --> |url=http://fr.ca.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563391/Hasdrubal.html |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527230444/http://fr.ca.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563391/Hasdrubal.html |archivedate=2008-05-27}}</ref>
He was the brother-in-law of Hannibal and son-in-law of ]<ref>Livy's History of Rome: Book 21.2</ref>, who followed the latter in his campaign against the governing aristocracy at Carthage at the close of the ], and in his subsequent career of conquest in ]. Some believed that Hasdrubal was Hamilcar's lover, and that his marriage to Hamilcar's daughter was thus a pretext for them to continue their relationship.<ref name="Nepos">{{cite book| last = Nepos | first = Cornelius| authorlink = Cornelius Nepos| title = Excellentium Imperatorum Vitae| date = circa 380 BC| location = XXII.III.|quote=There also accompanied him a young man named Hasdrubal, a person of high birth and great beauty, who, as some said, was beloved by Hamilcar with less regard to his character than was becoming; for so great a man could not fail to have slanderers. Hence it happened that Hasdrubal was forbidden by the censor of public morals to associate with him; but Hamilcar then gave him his daughter in marriage, because, according to their usages, a son-in-law could not be interdicted the society of his father-in-law.}}</ref><ref>"Hasdrubal, coming between father and son, held the supreme power for eight years. He is said to have become a favourite of Hamilcar's owing to his personal beauty as a boy; afterwards he displayed talents of a very different order, and became his son-in-law." Livy's History of Rome: Book 21.2 </ref>


==Family==
After Hamilcar's death (228 BC) Hasdrubal, who succeeded him in the command, extended the newly acquired empire by skillful diplomacy, and consolidated it by the foundation of ] (]) as the capital of the new province, and by a treaty with the ] which fixed the ] as the boundary between the two powers. He was killed by a ]ic assassin.{{Fact|date=October 2008}}
Livy's ''History of Rome'' records that Hasdrubal was the brother-in-law of the Carthaginian leader ] and son-in-law of ].<ref>Livy's ''History of Rome'': Book 21.2</ref>

==Career==
Hasdrubal followed Hamilcar in his campaign against the governing aristocracy at Carthage at the close of the ], and in his subsequent career of conquest in ]. In 237 BC, they parted towards the Peninsula, but around 231–230 BC Hasdrubal allegedly interceded in Hamilcar's name to make the Numidian tribes from northern Africa submit to the ] family, and ] soon fell into Carthage's sphere of influence.<ref name="ReferenceA">Polybius 3.7–16, Livy 21.22.1–4, Livy 23.26.2, Diodorus of Sicily 25.2: ''Hasdrubal, son of Hamilcar, was sent by his father-in-law to Carthage against the Numidians, who had rebelled against Carthaginians, killing eight thousand in combat and taking two thousand prisoners. The rest were submitted to tribute.''</ref>

After Hamilcar's death in 228 BC, while he was fighting Iberian tribes,<ref name="ReferenceB">Diodorus, 25. 10.

''In the course of his flight Hamilcar contrived to save the lives of his sons and his friends by turning aside on another road; overtaken by the king, he plunged on horseback into a large river and perished in the flood under his steed, but his sons ] and ] made their way safely to ]''.</ref> Hasdrubal succeeded him in command and followed orders from Carthage since Hamilcar's sons were too young. Hannibal, the elder, was 19 at the time. Unlike his predecessor, Hasdrubal largely preferred diplomacy over military campaigns.<ref name="ReferenceC">Livy 21.2.7 ''He augmented Carthaginian dominion promoting hospitality bonds with lesser kings and leaders, attracting new nations by noblemen friendships, and not by war and weapons''.</ref> In accordance with the common diplomatic customs of the time, Hasdrubal demanded hostages from the realms who capitulated to Carthage to dissuade them from breaking their treaties.

Thus, he extended the territory by skillful diplomacy and consolidating it by founding the important city and naval base of ], which the Romans later called Carthago Nova as the capital of the new province, and by establishing a treaty with the ] which cemented the ] (the classical Iberus) as the boundary between the two powers.<ref>Polybius 2.13, 2.22</ref> This treaty was caused by a Greek colony, ], and Iberian ], fearful of the continuous growth of Punic power in Iberia, asking Rome for help. Hasdrubal accepted reluctantly, as Punic dominion in Iberia was not yet sufficiently established to jeopardise its future expansion in a premature conflict.

==Death==
Seven years after Hamilcar's death, Hasdrubal the Fair was assassinated in ] by a slave of the ]ic king Tagus, who thus avenged the death of his own master.<ref>{{cite book |title=]|last=Italicus |first=Silius |pages=1.155–170}}</ref>

Hasdrubal's successor was his brother-in-law and the son of Hamilcar, ].

==See also==
* ] in Carthaginian history


==References== ==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|30em}}


==External links== ===Bibliography===
* {{citation |last=Huss |first=Werner |title=Geschichte der Karthager |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NvEK7kc3qnQC |publisher=C.H. Beck |location=Munich |date=1985 |isbn=9783406306549}}. {{in lang|de}}
*
* ]: ''History''
* ]: ''Roman History''. Biblioteca Clásica Gredos 84 (in Spanish).
* ]: ''Histories''. Biblioteca Clásica Gredos 38 y 43 (in Spanish).
* ]: ''History of Rome''. Libro de Bolsillo Alianza Editorial 1595 1–2 (in Spanish).

== External links ==
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005185532/https://www.livius.org/ha-hd/hasdrubal/hasdrubal2.html |date=2012-10-05 }}


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Latest revision as of 15:29, 12 October 2024

Carthaginian military leader and politician (c. 270–221 BC)
Hasdrubal the Fair
Hasdrubal bust in Cartagena, Spain
BornCirca 270 BC
Carthage
Died221 BC
Qart Hadasht
Cause of deathAssassination
Occupation(s)Military leader and politician
PredecessorHamilcar Barca
SuccessorHannibal

Hasdrubal the Fair (Punic: 𐤏𐤆𐤓‬𐤁‬𐤏𐤋‬, ʿAzrobaʿl; c. 270–221 BC) was a Carthaginian military leader and politician, governor in Iberia after Hamilcar Barca's death, and founder of Cartagena.

Family

Livy's History of Rome records that Hasdrubal was the brother-in-law of the Carthaginian leader Hannibal and son-in-law of Hamilcar Barca.

Career

Hasdrubal followed Hamilcar in his campaign against the governing aristocracy at Carthage at the close of the First Punic War, and in his subsequent career of conquest in Hispania. In 237 BC, they parted towards the Peninsula, but around 231–230 BC Hasdrubal allegedly interceded in Hamilcar's name to make the Numidian tribes from northern Africa submit to the Barcid family, and Numidia soon fell into Carthage's sphere of influence.

After Hamilcar's death in 228 BC, while he was fighting Iberian tribes, Hasdrubal succeeded him in command and followed orders from Carthage since Hamilcar's sons were too young. Hannibal, the elder, was 19 at the time. Unlike his predecessor, Hasdrubal largely preferred diplomacy over military campaigns. In accordance with the common diplomatic customs of the time, Hasdrubal demanded hostages from the realms who capitulated to Carthage to dissuade them from breaking their treaties.

Thus, he extended the territory by skillful diplomacy and consolidating it by founding the important city and naval base of Qart Hadasht, which the Romans later called Carthago Nova as the capital of the new province, and by establishing a treaty with the Roman Republic which cemented the River Ebro (the classical Iberus) as the boundary between the two powers. This treaty was caused by a Greek colony, Ampurias, and Iberian Sagunto, fearful of the continuous growth of Punic power in Iberia, asking Rome for help. Hasdrubal accepted reluctantly, as Punic dominion in Iberia was not yet sufficiently established to jeopardise its future expansion in a premature conflict.

Death

Seven years after Hamilcar's death, Hasdrubal the Fair was assassinated in 221 BC by a slave of the Celtic king Tagus, who thus avenged the death of his own master.

Hasdrubal's successor was his brother-in-law and the son of Hamilcar, Hannibal Barca.

See also

References

Citations

  1. Huss (1985), p. 566.
  2. "Hasdrubal – MSN Encarta". Archived from the original on 2008-05-27.
  3. Livy's History of Rome: Book 21.2
  4. Polybius 3.7–16, Livy 21.22.1–4, Livy 23.26.2, Diodorus of Sicily 25.2: Hasdrubal, son of Hamilcar, was sent by his father-in-law to Carthage against the Numidians, who had rebelled against Carthaginians, killing eight thousand in combat and taking two thousand prisoners. The rest were submitted to tribute.
  5. Diodorus, 25. 10. In the course of his flight Hamilcar contrived to save the lives of his sons and his friends by turning aside on another road; overtaken by the king, he plunged on horseback into a large river and perished in the flood under his steed, but his sons Hannibal and Hasdrubal made their way safely to Akra Leuke.
  6. Livy 21.2.7 He augmented Carthaginian dominion promoting hospitality bonds with lesser kings and leaders, attracting new nations by noblemen friendships, and not by war and weapons.
  7. Polybius 2.13, 2.22
  8. Italicus, Silius. Punica. pp. 1.155–170.

Bibliography

External links

Notable Carthaginians
Ancient Carthage
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