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{{Short description|None}}
==Definition==
{{More citations needed|date=June 2011}}
{{See also|LGBT rights in Singapore}}
{{Use Singapore English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}


{{LGBTQ sidebar|expanded=rights}}
The terms ']' and ']' in this article are defined as 'having a greater sexual attraction for the same sex than for the opposite sex'. Thus, a person happily married to a spouse of the opposite sex may still be ] even though he or she consciously refrains from or has never indulged in ] acts.
There are no statistics on how many LGBT people there are in Singapore or what percentage of the population they constitute. While homosexuality is legal in the country, the country is largely conservative.


== Arts and culture ==
The articles in this category have been intentionally prefixed "Singapore gay..." instead of the ideally accurate "Singaporean ]..." so as to render them more accessible to the lay reader who may not be familiar with technical ] terms, and to increase the likelihood of their getting higher-ranking hits when users of ]s type "gay" and "Singapore".


==Statistical problems== === Media ===
Portrayal of LGBTQ culture shown in media is subjected to ] with age-restricted ratings.


The ]'s policies on content on free-to-air television that it should not promote or justify the homosexual lifestyle.<ref name="Lee">{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Jan |date=15 July 2020 |title=Mediacorp apologises for controversial paedophile character in Channel 8 drama My Guardian Angels |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/mediacorp-apologises-for-treatment-of-gay-character-in-channel-8-drama-my |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508052520/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/mediacorp-apologises-for-treatment-of-gay-character-in-channel-8-drama-my |archive-date=8 May 2024 |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=] |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>
It is unknown exactly how many homosexuals there are in Singapore or what percentage of the population they constitute. The main reason for this is that ] criminalises 'carnal intercourse against the order of nature' which includes even consensual, private, adult homosexual acts. The penalties are either:
*life imprisonment, or
*imprisonment for up to 10 years with or without a fine.
As such, in any survey or census, no citizen would readily admit to being what is essentially, in the eyes of the Law, a criminal. By the same token, it is impossible to determine how many murderers, rapists or grand larcenists there are.


The 2020 ]'s Chinese TV series, ], was criticised by the ] for perpetuating the stereotype that gay men are ] and have sexually transmitted diseases.<ref name="Lee" /> The sub-plot was also condemned by ], a Singaporean non-governmental organisation "dedicated to fighting ] infection", who stated that "The portrayal of gay men as paedophiles further perpetuates falsehoods that create further suffering among an already marginalised and stigmatised population." A second sub-plot involving parents, portrayed by ] and ], worrying about the ] of their son, portrayed by ], and behaving in a ] manner, was also criticised.<ref name="Lee" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Teng |first=Yong Ping |date=13 July 2020 |title=Mediacorp apologises for TV drama containing negative gay stereotypes |url=https://sg.style.yahoo.com/mediacorp-apologises-for-tv-drama-containing-negative-gay-stereotypes-131740221.html |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=] |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>
This statistical vacuum was not regarded as any problem in the past and no population census conducted in Singapore has ever bothered to quantify such people. However, with the increasing cognisance of equal, universal human rights, freedom of individual expression and the growing political and economic clout of homosexuals, this hitherto neglected aspect of sociological statistics will become increasingly important in the future.


In response to the criticism, ] issued an apology, stating that it had "no intention to disrespect or discriminate against the LGBTQ community in the drama".<ref name="Lee3">{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Jan |date=15 July 2020 |title=Mediacorp apologises for controversial paedophile character in Channel 8 drama My Guardian Angels |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/mediacorp-apologises-for-treatment-of-gay-character-in-channel-8-drama-my |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508052520/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/mediacorp-apologises-for-treatment-of-gay-character-in-channel-8-drama-my |archive-date=8 May 2024 |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=] |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> A spokesperson for the company stated that the first sub-plot was meant to "encourage young people to be aware of potential dangers and not be afraid to speak up and protect themselves", and that the second sub-plot was meant to " depict the real life struggles some parents face in communicating with their children on topics such as relationships and sexual orientation".<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date=14 July 2020 |title=No intention to disrespect, discriminate LGBTQ community in My Guardian Angels drama: Mediacorp |url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/entertainment/my-guardian-angels-mediacorp-apologise-241781 |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=] |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>
The 2000 U.S. decennial census estimated (by extrapolation from hard data) that the proportion of gay men in America was 2.5 percent and of lesbians, 1.2 percent (source: ], March 2005 issue, page 20, 'Gay and Lesbian Census' by Rodger Doyle ) even though socio-psychological studies from the ] era to the present day show that the same percentages of those claiming greater erotic attraction for the same sex were 7.7 for men and 7.5 for women. No conclusive explanation exists for this anomaly. Figures in Singapore may be broadly similar.
*Read ]'s review of previous international studies:


== Internet ==
===Available statistics===


Singapore has particularly established ] portals owing to its high Internet penetration rates and the restriction on LGBT content in print and broadcast media.
In 2001, ], ]'s largest ]-] web portal, polled its gay and lesbian members residing in Singapore. Of the 595 respondents, 39% declared that they were "attached" or "living with a partner." 40% of the respondents who were in relationships had been with the same partner for more than 6 months.


*] is an online discussion forum for gay men in Singapore started in 1997 to discuss any issues which concern them. It eschews political, religious, and anti-racial topics.
A high proportion of respondents lived with their parents, while only 22% owned or rented their homes. This was despite the relatively high income levels of the respondents, with 50% earning more than S$80,000 (US$47,000) per annum – 20% reporting income levels of more than S$180,000 per annum, 11% between S$120,000 to S$180,000 and 19% between S$80,000 to S$120,000.
*] is a media platform focused on content related to and concerning the LGBTQ+ community.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naumi Hotel SG spotlights real life same sex couple in campaign with Dear Straight People|url=https://www.marketing-interactive.com/naumi-hotel-sg-spotlight-real-life-same-sex-couple-in-campaign-with-dear-straight-people|access-date=5 July 2021|website=www.marketing-interactive.com|date=17 June 2021 |language=en-gb}}</ref> Founded by Sean Foo in July 2015, Dear Straight People has become Singapore's leading LGBTQ+ publication.

*] is an English-language LGBT news and social networking portal founded in 2000 by Stuart Koe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fridae Announcement :: Fridae Celebrates DragonStack takeover with Spring Fling Perks Offer ::|url=http://www.fridae.asia/announcements/dragonstack/20150407.html|access-date=5 July 2021|website=www.fridae.asia}}</ref> Fridae was popular during the early 2000s, but has become largely inactive during the 2010s.
==Historical background==
*], also known as 'GSC' – Started in February 2013 in the footsteps of a host of popular "]" websites, GSC is a Facebook page that hosts a collection of user-contributed stories by gay, bisexual, lesbian, straight, transgender and curious members. The page was a sleeper published over 500 'confessions' or posts within less than 2 weeks of its creation<ref>Gay Star News , '']'', 27 February 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.</ref> and garnering over 10,000-page 'Likes' in slightly over 6 months. The site is run by an anonymous moderator, an account director in an advertising firm in his 30s who wants to be known only as "GC".<ref>Asia One News {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111093439/http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Science+and+Tech/Story/A1Story20130318-409443.html |date=11 November 2013 }} " ]", 19 March 2013, para 14. Retrieved 11 October 2013.</ref> Gay SG Confessions rebranded itself to GLBT Voices, and in 2017 announced its closure. After a 3-year hiatus, GLBT Voices announced its comeback, but its reach and influence has waned since its heyday in 2013. GLBT Voices is now largely inactive on social media.

*], formerly known as SgBoy – was set up in March 1999, originally known as "Singapore Boy Homepage" before being renamed SgBoy. It is one of the most popular LGBT portals in Singapore. It underwent a makeover, rebranding itself as Trevvy.com in August 2006, shifting its focus to the more mature 25 to 40-year age group of the local gay market and expanding its user base regionally. On 30 April 2021, Trevvy.com announced the closure of its website, due to its dwindling popularity.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 May 2021|title=Pioneering Singapore LGBT+ website Trevvy.com Shuts Down Its Website|url=https://dearstraightpeople.com/2021/05/03/trevvy-com/|access-date=5 July 2021|website=Dear Straight People|language=en-US}}</ref>
See the articles:

*]

*]

*]

*]

==Singapore gay culture==

See the articles:

*]

*]

*]

*]

*]

*]

*]

*]

*]

*]

*]

*]

==Singapore gay personalities==


==Organisations supporting LGBT rights==
* ]<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermes|date=17 December 2017|title=Churches building bridges with LGBT Christians|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/churches-building-bridges-with-lgbt-christians|access-date=5 July 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref>
* ] (PPC), Singapore's first physical LGBT Centre, operating since 2003<ref name="PPC">{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.pelangipridecentre.org/about/ |website=Pelangi Pride Centre |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref>
* ], LGBT+ counselling service, operating since 1999<ref name="OC">{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://oogachaga.com/our-history|website=OogaChaga |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref>
==Notable residents==
===Historical=== ===Historical===


* ] was the first Singaporean to publicly declare his HIV-positive status. He came out on 12 December 1998 during the ]. He identified his orientation as ]. His affliction was dramatised in a play called ''Completely With/Out Character'' produced by ], directed by ] and written by ], staged in May 1999. He died on 21 August 1999, shortly after the play's run ended.
]

]

The first Singaporean ] victim to publicly declare his ]-positive status, thus giving a face to a hitherto anonymous affliction which mainstream society considered remote from possible encounter. He came out on 12 Dec 1998 during the ]. He identified his orientation as ].

His plight was dramatised in a play called "]" produced by ], directed by ] and
written by ], staged from 10-17 May 1999. He passed away on 21 Aug 1999, shortly after the play's run ended. (For more information, see the article ])

===Contemporary===

The following categorisations are arbitrary as most of the ] individuals listed are active in more than one field. ] personalities and ] artistes are listed in the article ].

====Activists====

*]
<!--] -->
*Kelvin Wong
*Eileena Lee
<!-- ]

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*Clarence Singam
<!-- ]

<br style="clear: left"/> -->
*]
<!-- ]
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====Entrepreneurs====

*]
*Dr. ], founder of Asia's largest English-language LGBT web portal, fridae.com
<!-- ]

<br style="clear: left"/> -->
*] founder of Singapore's first East-meets-west gay bar
<!-- ]
<br style="clear: left"/> -->

====Arts practitioners====
*] - Singapore's first openly gay artist and also one of the first Singaporeans to come out to the general public.
*]
<!-- ]

<br style="clear: left"/> -->
*] , Singaporean artist
<!-- ]

<br style="clear: left"/> -->
*] , Singaporean artist and photographer
<!-- ]

<br style="clear: left"/> -->
*] , Singaporean poet
<!-- ]

<br style="clear: left"/> -->
*] , Singaporean poet
<!-- ]

<br style="clear: left"/> -->
====Academics====
*Dr. ] <!-- 404 error, -->, Singaporean academic, playwright, psychologist and former journalist
<!-- ]

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*Dr. ] , Singaporean academic, social activist and writer

<!-- ]

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*Christopher Tan
<!--
]

<br style="clear: left"/>
-->
====Professionals====

====Other prominent personalities====

*]

==Singapore gay venues==

(For a discussion of places no longer extant where homosexuals used to socialise or cruise such as ], ], ], ], ], ]/]/], ], ], ] and ], see the article ]).

===Non-commercial/non-sexual venues===

*The ]

<!-- ]
]
<br style="clear: left"/> -->

A Singaporean ] church which welcomes all people regardless of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation or economic status. It conducts Sunday services at 10:30 am.

*] (])

Set up by activists from ] (]) to inculcate pride in being ] and in staying ] negative.

<!-- ]
]
]
<br style="clear: left"/> -->

Its main features are the extensive library of local and international ], whose catalogue can be searched ] on its ], and an archive of ] and culture.

=====Arts venues=====

The following list consists of exhibition and performance venues where many works dealing with LGBT themes or by LGBT arts practitioners have been held. However, they are not exclusively used for such purposes.

*]

Founded in 1990 by the late ], it is Singapore's first independent contemporary arts centre, centrally located in the ]. Its sub-sections include a ], a gallery, a dance studio, the ] and two multi-function classrooms. It was the venue for the nascent ] Sunday meetings in the early 90s. The historic ] pre-registration discussion was also held in the ] in 2003.

<!-- ]
]
]
]
]
]
<br style="clear: left"/> -->

A growing arts, entertainment and lifestyle block managed by ], just next to ]. The lift serving the upper floors has a modern interior but is rickety and painfully slow. The building houses the following establishments:
:1) ]
An unrenovated 1950-sq ft art space and multi-function hall situated on level 3, the second home of ].

<!-- ]
]
]
]
]
] -->

:2) ] on level 4.

<!-- <br style="clear: left"/>
]
]
]
]
]
]
-->
:3) ]


* ] was a poet who was awarded the 1983 Singapore ]. He died of laryngeal carcinoma on 19 June 2006, bequeathing $500,000/-, part of his estate which included his apartment off Killiney Road, to the ] where he was a patient.<ref>{{cite web |title=TODAYonline |url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/264684.asp |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080713044107/http://www.todayonline.com/articles/264684.asp |archivedate=13 July 2008 |accessdate=13 July 2008}}</ref>
The topmost floor is a vault-like loft under the same management as ]. It has a seating capacity of up to 150 people and is suitable for exhibitions, fashion shows and performances. It was the former location of the Sunday services of the ] (from 2002 to 2004) and ] (from 2004 to 2005). Currently, it houses ] which contains a small bar and has an all-white decor. Dr. ]'s talk ] was held here on 16 Aug 05 as part of ], Singapore's first ] month.


===Arts personalities===
<!-- ]
* ], poet.<ref name="PoonWhitehead2017">{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/988389144 |title=Singapore literature and culture : current directions in local and global contexts |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-30775-6 |editor-last=Poon |editor-first=Angelina |location=New York |pages=259 |oclc=988389144 |editor-last2=Whitehead |editor-first2=Angus}}</ref>
]
* ], writer, poet and playwright. He had a weekly column on gay website ] titled, "Iced Bandung".
]
* ], writer and performance artist. Ng is the author of a collection of personally written poems, including ones with queer-theming.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ng Yi-Sheng {{!}} Infopedia |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1619_2009-12-21.html |access-date=12 April 2019 |website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}</ref>
]
* ], entrepreneur, filmmaker and LGBT advocate who founded ]. Sean is also credited as the creator of Singapore's first gay web drama series, "Getaway."
<br style="clear: left"/> -->


=== Entertainers ===
*]


* ], comedian and ], actor, and ]. Kumar was the first entertainer in Singapore to come out.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Soh |first=Shaun |date=14 September 2011 |title=Kumar admits he's gay |url=https://www.asiaone.com/print/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Singapore/Story/A1Story20110914-299457.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612161207/https://www.asiaone.com/print/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20110914-299457.html |archive-date=12 June 2020 |access-date=11 June 2020 |website=AsiaOne}}</ref>
<!-- ]
]
]
]
<br style="clear: left"/> -->


===Politicians===
It provides exhibition space and management services to local and Asian artists, and photographers. The most active gallery on the Singapore art scene, it is a leading showcase of works by established painters like ] and ], as well as popular young artists like ].
* ]; first Singaporean politician to openly declare that he was gay when he made a post on Facebook ahead of the annual Pink Dot SG event.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529210032/http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1300426/singapores-first-openly-gay-politician-quits-politics-focus-civil-rights|date=29 May 2014}}, South China Morning Post, 30 August 2013.</ref>


==See also==
It was the venue for the very first event of ], Singapore's historic, inaugural, government-approved ] month celebration in August 2005. This was an exhibition of paintings by artist ] entitled ], meaning 'children's stories' in ] ]. The event was followed up with ] held on 4 Aug 05, Singapore's first public gay poetry reading session which was attended by over 70 people, with standing room only.
{{Portal|LGBTQ|Singapore}}
==The future==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ], a British colonial-era law outlawing same-sex activity between men that was repealed in 2022


==References==
The greatest impediment to the achievement of absolute ] in ] is the rampant spread of ] infection amongst ] (]). The ] is contemplating measures to curb this exponential increase. These may include the closure of ] ]s. However, activists from ] have drawn up guidelines for ] in saunas which they published in August 2004. If these are ratified by the ], it would avoid such a drastic eventuality which would impact a considerable portion of the economy. (For a further discussion, see: )
{{Reflist}}{{Commons category|LGBT in Singapore}}{{Homosexuality around the world}}
{{LGBTcultureworldwide}}
{{SingaporeLGBTTopics}}
{{Singapore topics}}


] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 07:49, 25 November 2024

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "LGBTQ culture in Singapore" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
See also: LGBT rights in Singapore

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There are no statistics on how many LGBT people there are in Singapore or what percentage of the population they constitute. While homosexuality is legal in the country, the country is largely conservative.

Arts and culture

Media

Portrayal of LGBTQ culture shown in media is subjected to media censorship in Singapore with age-restricted ratings.

The Infocomm Media Development Authority's policies on content on free-to-air television that it should not promote or justify the homosexual lifestyle.

The 2020 Mediacorp's Chinese TV series, My Guardian Angels, was criticised by the LGBT community in Singapore for perpetuating the stereotype that gay men are paedophiles and have sexually transmitted diseases. The sub-plot was also condemned by Action For Aids, a Singaporean non-governmental organisation "dedicated to fighting HIV/AIDS infection", who stated that "The portrayal of gay men as paedophiles further perpetuates falsehoods that create further suffering among an already marginalised and stigmatised population." A second sub-plot involving parents, portrayed by Kym Ng and Brandon Wong, worrying about the sexual orientation of their son, portrayed by Benjamin Tan, and behaving in a homophobic manner, was also criticised.

In response to the criticism, Mediacorp issued an apology, stating that it had "no intention to disrespect or discriminate against the LGBTQ community in the drama". A spokesperson for the company stated that the first sub-plot was meant to "encourage young people to be aware of potential dangers and not be afraid to speak up and protect themselves", and that the second sub-plot was meant to " depict the real life struggles some parents face in communicating with their children on topics such as relationships and sexual orientation".

Internet

Singapore has particularly established LGBTQ portals owing to its high Internet penetration rates and the restriction on LGBT content in print and broadcast media.

  • Blowing Wind Gay Forum is an online discussion forum for gay men in Singapore started in 1997 to discuss any issues which concern them. It eschews political, religious, and anti-racial topics.
  • Dear Straight People is a media platform focused on content related to and concerning the LGBTQ+ community. Founded by Sean Foo in July 2015, Dear Straight People has become Singapore's leading LGBTQ+ publication.
  • Fridae.asia is an English-language LGBT news and social networking portal founded in 2000 by Stuart Koe. Fridae was popular during the early 2000s, but has become largely inactive during the 2010s.
  • Gay SG Confessions, also known as 'GSC' – Started in February 2013 in the footsteps of a host of popular "confessions" websites, GSC is a Facebook page that hosts a collection of user-contributed stories by gay, bisexual, lesbian, straight, transgender and curious members. The page was a sleeper published over 500 'confessions' or posts within less than 2 weeks of its creation and garnering over 10,000-page 'Likes' in slightly over 6 months. The site is run by an anonymous moderator, an account director in an advertising firm in his 30s who wants to be known only as "GC". Gay SG Confessions rebranded itself to GLBT Voices, and in 2017 announced its closure. After a 3-year hiatus, GLBT Voices announced its comeback, but its reach and influence has waned since its heyday in 2013. GLBT Voices is now largely inactive on social media.
  • Trevvy, formerly known as SgBoy – was set up in March 1999, originally known as "Singapore Boy Homepage" before being renamed SgBoy. It is one of the most popular LGBT portals in Singapore. It underwent a makeover, rebranding itself as Trevvy.com in August 2006, shifting its focus to the more mature 25 to 40-year age group of the local gay market and expanding its user base regionally. On 30 April 2021, Trevvy.com announced the closure of its website, due to its dwindling popularity.

Organisations supporting LGBT rights

Notable residents

Historical

Arts personalities

  • Cyril Wong, poet.
  • Alfian Sa'at, writer, poet and playwright. He had a weekly column on gay website Trevvy titled, "Iced Bandung".
  • Ng Yi-Sheng, writer and performance artist. Ng is the author of a collection of personally written poems, including ones with queer-theming.
  • Sean Foo, entrepreneur, filmmaker and LGBT advocate who founded Dear Straight People. Sean is also credited as the creator of Singapore's first gay web drama series, "Getaway."

Entertainers

Politicians

  • Vincent Wijeysingha; first Singaporean politician to openly declare that he was gay when he made a post on Facebook ahead of the annual Pink Dot SG event.

See also

References

  1. ^ Lee, Jan (15 July 2020). "Mediacorp apologises for controversial paedophile character in Channel 8 drama My Guardian Angels". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  2. Teng, Yong Ping (13 July 2020). "Mediacorp apologises for TV drama containing negative gay stereotypes". yahoo!life. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  3. Lee, Jan (15 July 2020). "Mediacorp apologises for controversial paedophile character in Channel 8 drama My Guardian Angels". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  4. "No intention to disrespect, discriminate LGBTQ community in My Guardian Angels drama: Mediacorp". CNA Lifestyle. 14 July 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  5. "Naumi Hotel SG spotlights real life same sex couple in campaign with Dear Straight People". www.marketing-interactive.com. 17 June 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  6. "Fridae Announcement :: Fridae Celebrates DragonStack takeover with Spring Fling Perks Offer ::". www.fridae.asia. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  7. Gay Star News "Singapore Gay Men Jump At Chance To Confess Secrets", Gay Star News, 27 February 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  8. Asia One News "Many 'like' to confess online" Archived 11 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine " AsiaOne", 19 March 2013, para 14. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  9. "Pioneering Singapore LGBT+ website Trevvy.com Shuts Down Its Website". Dear Straight People. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  10. hermes (17 December 2017). "Churches building bridges with LGBT Christians". The Straits Times. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  11. "About Us". Pelangi Pride Centre. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  12. "Our History". OogaChaga. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  13. "TODAYonline". Archived from the original on 13 July 2008. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
  14. Poon, Angelina; Whitehead, Angus, eds. (2017). Singapore literature and culture : current directions in local and global contexts. New York: Routledge. p. 259. ISBN 978-1-315-30775-6. OCLC 988389144.
  15. "Ng Yi-Sheng | Infopedia". eresources.nlb.gov.sg. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  16. Soh, Shaun (14 September 2011). "Kumar admits he's gay". AsiaOne. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  17. Singapore’s first gay politician quits to focus on rights Archived 29 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine, South China Morning Post, 30 August 2013.
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