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{{Short description|Croatian writer (1606–1657)}}
]
{{More citations needed|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox person
⚫ | name = Junije Palmotić
| image = JunijePalmotić.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = {{birth year|1606}}
| birth_place = ], ] (now ], ])
| death_date = {{death year and age|1657|1606}}
| death_place = ], ]
| other_names = Junius Palmotta
| occupation = writer, poet and dramatist
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
* ''Pavlimir''
* ''Captislava''
* ''Bisernica''
* ''Danica''
* ''Kristijada''
}}
'''Junije (Džono) Palmotić''', (also '''''Giunio''''' in Italian or '''''Junius Palmotta''''' in Latin) (1606 – 1657) was a ]<ref>{{cite book|last=Buelow|first=George J.|title=A history of baroque music|year=2004|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-34365-8|page=416|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aw1TTtpp4FwC}}</ref> writer, poet and dramatist from the ]. He was a member of the ] noble family.


== Early life ==
'''Junije (Džono) Palmotić''', (also ''Junius Palmotta''; ], November 7th ] - Dubrovnik, July 6th ]) was a ] ] writer, nobleman, and dramatist from the ] (today ]).
Palmotić{{sfn|Bogišić|1995}} was born in 1606 in Ragusa (], now ]), the son of Juraj Palmotić (Giorgio Palmotta) and Ursula née Gradić (Orsola Gradi).{{sfn|Appendini|1803}} His parents belonged to the notable ] families of ] and ] (Gradi in Italian), respectively. Through his mother, he was related to ]. He had an older brother Džore and younger Ivan, who died young in his childhood.


== Education ==
The Junije's parents were Džore (Georgius de Palmotta) Palmotić and Ora (Uršula de Gradi) Gradić, who was related to the ] family. Ore was close cousin of Dživa, the mother of great poet ], which made Junije his nephew. Ore and Džive were the daughters of two Gradić's (brothers Pavlo and Miho). He had an older brother Džore and younger Ivan, who died young in his childhood.
⚫ Little is known about his schooling, but he may have attended city school as it was mandatory for male nobles. It is known that he attended a private school opened in 1619 by the Jesuits and whose lecturers included, in the next few generations, ], ], ], ] and ]. As Palmotić's teachers in that school, ] especially mentions Ignjat ] and a ] Italian, ].


== Career ==
⚫ Not much is known about his schooling, but we know that he must have attended city school as it was mandatory for male nobles. We know that he attended a private school which was opened in 1619 by the Jesuits and in which, for the next few generations, was lectured by the Giovanni de Gradi/], Ignazio Tudisi/], Marino de Gondola/], Giovanni Darza/] and Bartolomeo Kasich/]. As Palmotić's teachers in that school, Stefano de Gradi/Stjepan Gradić especially mentions Ignazio Tudisi/Ignjat Tudišević and Senese Italian, Camillo Gori.
Aged 18, he became a member of the Great Council in the ]. He began to write while still young, writing in continuation of the tradition of ] inspired by ], ], ] and ]. Although influenced by the ] literary tradition, Palmotić wrote in his native ], as well as translating libretti from Italian.<ref> Indiana University Press, 2004 {{ISBN|0-253-34365-8}} p. 416</ref> He also translated the ''Christias di Girolamo Vida'', the ''Christiade'', an 'Illyrian' poem in 24 verses, that was posthumously published in ] in 1670.


Although his ] was melodramatic and dealt primarily with ] topics, his drama focused on contemporary ], particularly the life of the aristocracy. In one of his songs he demonstrates his knowledge of the ] mentioning its heroes, as well as Hungarian and Albanian ones, like: ], ], ], Sekula, ], ] and ].<ref>{{cite book|title=Rad Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KXyjAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA129|year=1876|publisher=Jugoslavenska akademija zanosti i umjetnosti.|page=129}}</ref>
When he was eighteen years old he became a member of the Great Council in the ]. He began to write while still young, writing like continuator the tradition of ] inspired by ], ], ] and ]. Although influenced by the ] literary tradition, Palmotić wrote in his native ].


His nephew ], ambassador and Vatican librarian, wrote about his life, supplying precious material to future biographers. Alongside ] and ], he was an early pioneer of the ideas of ].<ref> pub. Walter de Gruyter, 1981 {{ISBN|3-11-010605-1}} p. 79</ref>
He translated the ''Christias di Girolamo Vida'', the ''Christiade'', "Illyrian" poem in 24 verses, that was posthumously published in ] ].


== Legacy ==
Although his ] is melodramatic and deals primarily with ] topics, his drama focuses on contemporary ], particularly the life of the aristocracy.
⚫ All the works of Palmotić were published by the end of the 19th century by the ].
] Streets in Dubrovnik, Zagreb, Belgrade, Petrovaradin, Subotica and Niš bear his name.


== Works ==
He was fortunate to have a great friend your nephew, in the form of ], ambassador and Vatican librarian, who wrote about his life, supplying precious material to the future biographers.
Palmotić's notable works include:
* ''Pavlimir'', drama. Narratives connected with the founding of Dubrovnik inspired his Pavlimir. This is a sort of Ragusan "Aeneid," Pavlimir corresponding to Aeneas. He comes from abroad, founds the city of Dubrovnik, marries the beautiful Margareta, whom he discovers there, and becomes otac slovenskog naroda (the father of the Slavonic people).
* ''Captislava'', drama. The main character is the daughter of the King of Captat (] or ''Epidaurum''). She is in love with the Hungarian prince, Gradimir, but the father wants her to marry a Serbian prince. A nymph helps her in this cabal, and she elopes with the Hungarian prince, while her sister marries the Serbian prince. Chief roles are played by ghosts and nymphs.
* ''Bisernica'', drama. It is virtually the continuation of the Captislava, and almost all important roles are played by ''vilenice'' (nymphs) and ''vilenici'' (dragons).
* ''Danica'', drama. A dramatized episode from Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso" (IV-VI), transplanted and acclimatized to the Bosnian and Ragusan soil. Danica is the enslaved daughter of the Bosnian king, Ostoja. She was saved by the Ragusan knight Matijas, who later became the ban of Croatia. Some motifs of this play are akin to Shakespeare's comedy ''Much Ado About Nothing''.
* ''Christiade'' ("dedicated to the queen Cristina from Sweden", {{langx|hr|Kristijada}})
* ''Atalanta'', opera with music by Lambert Courtoys the Younger (1629)


In addition to his four important dramas (''Pavlimir'', ''Danica'', ''Bisernica'' and ''Captislava'') in which Palmotta celebrated the exploits of Slavic heroes, he wrote several imitations based on Latin and Italian sources. Thus the material for his Allina was taken from Ariosto, and for the Armida from Tasso. The mythological play Atalanta is based on Ovid's "Metamorphoses" (bk. X).
⚫ All the works of Palmotić were published by the end of the XIX century, by the ]

==Annotations==
{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=upper-alpha}}
{{Cnote2|a|In Latin, his name was '''Iunius Palmotta'''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Index bibliothecae qua Franciscus Barberinus S.R.E. cardinalis vicecancellarius magnificentissimas suae familiae ad Quirinalem aedes magnificentiores reddidit. Tomi tres libros typis editos complectens|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s-dp_ccDsmkC&pg=PA157|year=1681|pages=157–}}</ref> In ''Christiade'', he spelt his own name '''Gion Palmotich''' (''{{lang|la|PO GIONV PALMOTICHIV}}'') in Slavic using Latin orthography.<ref>Christiade</ref> In ''Christiade'' and ''Panegyris'', he spelt it '''Iunius Palmotta''' (''{{lang|la|IVNII PALMOTTÆ, DE PALMOTTA}}'') in Latin.<ref>Christiade and Panegyris</ref> Ardelio Della Bella (1655–1737), ] (1768–1837), Girolamo Da Rio (1769-1827), Francesco Cusani (1802–1879) and William Frederick Wingfield spelt his name "Giugno Palmotta". In the Italian language ''Galleria di ragusei illustri'' (1841) his given name is spelt "Giugno" and "Giunio".<ref>{{cite book|title=Galleria di ragusei illustri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORJXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT172|year=1841|publisher=Forni|pages=172–}}</ref> In Croatian, his given name is '']'' or '']'', while the archaic spelling is ''Gjon(o)''.}}
{{Cnote2 End}}


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
⚫ * {{cite book |title=Junije Palmotić, Izabrana djela |editor=Rafo Bogišić |series=Stoljeća hrvatske književnosti |publisher=] |year=1995 |location=Zagreb |chapter=Ljetopis Junija Palmotića |pages=pp. 33-41}}


==Sources==
* (1802) ''Notizie istorico-critiche sulle antichita storia e letteratura de' Ragusei'', Author Francesco Maria Appendini, pg. 235 *
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|first=Francesco M. |last=Appendini|title=Notizie istorico-critiche sulle antichità, storia e letteratura de' Ragusei: divise in due tomi e dedicate all'eccelso Senato della Republica di Ragusa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owlAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA235|year=1803|publisher=Martecchini|pages=235–}}
⚫ * {{cite book |title=Junije Palmotić, Izabrana djela |editor-first=Rafo |editor-last=Bogišić |series=Stoljeća hrvatske književnosti |publisher=] |year=1995 |location=Zagreb |chapter=Ljetopis Junija Palmotića |pages=33–41}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|author=Wilfried Potthoff|title=Die Dramen des Junije Palmotić: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Theaters in Dubrovnik im 17. Jahrhundert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IH1gAAAAMAAJ|year=1973|publisher=F. Steiner|isbn=978-3-7610-0407-4}}
*{{cite book|author=Wilfried Potthoff|title=Dubrovniker Dramatiker des 17. Jahrhunderts: Pasko Primojević, Ivan Gučetić d. J., Vice Pucić Soltanović, Ivan Šiškov Gundulić, Junije Palmotić|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9IFDMQAACAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Wilhelm Schmitz Verlag}}
*{{cite book|author1=Branko Vodnik|author2=Vatroslav Jagić|title=Povijest hrvatske književnosti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8lBAQAAIAAJ|year=1913|publisher=Matica hrvatska}}
*{{cite book|author=Fedora Ferluga-Petronio|title=Fonti italiane e slave nel teatro di Junije Palmotić|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H65iAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Istituto di Lingue e Letterature dell'Europa Orientale}}
*{{cite book|author=Fedora Ferluga-Petronio|title=Fonti greco-latine nel teatro di Junije Palmotić|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HBmzHAAACAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Piovan}}
{{refend}}


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Latest revision as of 01:32, 8 November 2024

Croatian writer (1606–1657)
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Junije Palmotić
Born1606 (1606)
Dubrovnik, Republic of Ragusa (now Dubrovnik, Croatia)
Died1657 (aged 50–51)
Dubrovnik, Republic of Ragusa
Other namesJunius Palmotta
Occupation(s)writer, poet and dramatist
Notable work
  • Pavlimir
  • Captislava
  • Bisernica
  • Danica
  • Kristijada

Junije (Džono) Palmotić, (also Giunio in Italian or Junius Palmotta in Latin) (1606 – 1657) was a Croatian baroque writer, poet and dramatist from the Republic of Ragusa. He was a member of the Palmotić noble family.

Early life

Palmotić was born in 1606 in Ragusa (Dubrovnik, now Croatia), the son of Juraj Palmotić (Giorgio Palmotta) and Ursula née Gradić (Orsola Gradi). His parents belonged to the notable patrician families of Palmotić and Gradić (Gradi in Italian), respectively. Through his mother, he was related to Ivan Gundulić. He had an older brother Džore and younger Ivan, who died young in his childhood.

Education

Little is known about his schooling, but he may have attended city school as it was mandatory for male nobles. It is known that he attended a private school opened in 1619 by the Jesuits and whose lecturers included, in the next few generations, Ivan Gradić, Ignjat Tudišević, Marin Gundulić, Ivan Dražić and Bartol Kašić. As Palmotić's teachers in that school, Stjepan Gradić especially mentions Ignjat Tudišević and a Sienese Italian, Camillo Gori.

Career

Aged 18, he became a member of the Great Council in the Republic of Ragusa. He began to write while still young, writing in continuation of the tradition of Ivan Gundulić inspired by Ovid, Virgil, Tasso and Ariosto. Although influenced by the Latin literary tradition, Palmotić wrote in his native Croatian language, as well as translating libretti from Italian. He also translated the Christias di Girolamo Vida, the Christiade, an 'Illyrian' poem in 24 verses, that was posthumously published in Rome in 1670.

Although his poetry was melodramatic and dealt primarily with mythological topics, his drama focused on contemporary Dubrovnik, particularly the life of the aristocracy. In one of his songs he demonstrates his knowledge of the Serbian epic poetry mentioning its heroes, as well as Hungarian and Albanian ones, like: Lazar of Serbia, Miloš Obilić, Skanderbeg, Sekula, Mihajlo Svilojević, Vuk Grgurević and John Hunyadi.

His nephew Stjepan Gradić, ambassador and Vatican librarian, wrote about his life, supplying precious material to future biographers. Alongside Vinko Pribojević and Juraj Križanić, he was an early pioneer of the ideas of Slavic unity.

Legacy

All the works of Palmotić were published by the end of the 19th century by the Croatian Cultural Association.

Cover of Christiade published in Rome in 1670

Streets in Dubrovnik, Zagreb, Belgrade, Petrovaradin, Subotica and Niš bear his name.

Works

Palmotić's notable works include:

  • Pavlimir, drama. Narratives connected with the founding of Dubrovnik inspired his Pavlimir. This is a sort of Ragusan "Aeneid," Pavlimir corresponding to Aeneas. He comes from abroad, founds the city of Dubrovnik, marries the beautiful Margareta, whom he discovers there, and becomes otac slovenskog naroda (the father of the Slavonic people).
  • Captislava, drama. The main character is the daughter of the King of Captat (Cavtat or Epidaurum). She is in love with the Hungarian prince, Gradimir, but the father wants her to marry a Serbian prince. A nymph helps her in this cabal, and she elopes with the Hungarian prince, while her sister marries the Serbian prince. Chief roles are played by ghosts and nymphs.
  • Bisernica, drama. It is virtually the continuation of the Captislava, and almost all important roles are played by vilenice (nymphs) and vilenici (dragons).
  • Danica, drama. A dramatized episode from Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso" (IV-VI), transplanted and acclimatized to the Bosnian and Ragusan soil. Danica is the enslaved daughter of the Bosnian king, Ostoja. She was saved by the Ragusan knight Matijas, who later became the ban of Croatia. Some motifs of this play are akin to Shakespeare's comedy Much Ado About Nothing.
  • Christiade ("dedicated to the queen Cristina from Sweden", Croatian: Kristijada)
  • Atalanta, opera with music by Lambert Courtoys the Younger (1629)

In addition to his four important dramas (Pavlimir, Danica, Bisernica and Captislava) in which Palmotta celebrated the exploits of Slavic heroes, he wrote several imitations based on Latin and Italian sources. Thus the material for his Allina was taken from Ariosto, and for the Armida from Tasso. The mythological play Atalanta is based on Ovid's "Metamorphoses" (bk. X).

Annotations

  1. In Latin, his name was Iunius Palmotta. In Christiade, he spelt his own name Gion Palmotich (PO GIONV PALMOTICHIV) in Slavic using Latin orthography. In Christiade and Panegyris, he spelt it Iunius Palmotta (IVNII PALMOTTÆ, DE PALMOTTA) in Latin. Ardelio Della Bella (1655–1737), Francesco Maria Appendini (1768–1837), Girolamo Da Rio (1769-1827), Francesco Cusani (1802–1879) and William Frederick Wingfield spelt his name "Giugno Palmotta". In the Italian language Galleria di ragusei illustri (1841) his given name is spelt "Giugno" and "Giunio". In Croatian, his given name is Junije or Džono, while the archaic spelling is Gjon(o).

References

  1. Buelow, George J. (2004). A history of baroque music. Indiana University Press. p. 416. ISBN 0-253-34365-8.
  2. Bogišić 1995.
  3. Appendini 1803.
  4. Buelow, George J.; A History of Baroque Music: Music in the Seventeenth and First Half of the Eighteenth Centuries Indiana University Press, 2004 ISBN 0-253-34365-8 p. 416
  5. Rad Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti. Jugoslavenska akademija zanosti i umjetnosti. 1876. p. 129.
  6. Jakobson, Roman; Selected Writings pub. Walter de Gruyter, 1981 ISBN 3-11-010605-1 p. 79
  7. Index bibliothecae qua Franciscus Barberinus S.R.E. cardinalis vicecancellarius magnificentissimas suae familiae ad Quirinalem aedes magnificentiores reddidit. Tomi tres libros typis editos complectens. 1681. pp. 157–.
  8. Christiade
  9. Christiade and Panegyris
  10. Galleria di ragusei illustri. Forni. 1841. pp. 172–.

Sources

Further reading

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