| Revision as of 05:34, 9 December 2008 editNoah Salzman (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers12,179 edits Reverted to revision 254337232 by J.delanoy; revert further back. (TW)← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 16:38, 24 December 2024 edit undoCitation bot (talk | contribs)Bots5,415,716 edits Added id. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | #UCB_toolbar | ||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{short description|Stylistic features that are included within an art piece}} | |||
| The '''elements of art''' are a set of techniques that describe ways of presenting ]. They are combined with the ] in the production of art.<ref name="sanford"></ref> | |||
| '''Elements of art''' are stylistic features that are included within an art piece to help the artist communicate.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2130125923|title=Elements of Art: Interpreting Meaning Through the Language of Visual Cues|last=Roxo|first=Justin |id={{ProQuest|2130125923}} }}</ref> The seven most common elements include line, shape, texture, form, space, color and value, with the additions of mark making, and materiality.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www2.oberlin.edu/amam/asia/sculpture/documents/vocabulary.pdf|title=Vocabulary: Elements of Art, Principles of Art}}</ref> When analyzing these intentionally utilized elements, the viewer is guided towards a deeper understanding of the work. | |||
| ⚫ | == Line == | ||
| The elements of art can include some or all of the following: point, ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. | |||
| ] are marks moving in a space between two points whereby a viewer can visualize the stroke movement, direction, and intention based on how the line is oriented.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Lines describe an outline, capable of producing texture according to their ] and ].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.incredibleart.org/files/elements2.htm|title=Visual Arts: Elements and Principles of Design|website=www.incredibleart.org|language=en|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> There are different types of lines artists may use, including, actual, implied, ], horizontal, ] and ] lines, which all have different functions.<ref name=":2" /> Lines are also situational elements, requiring the viewer to have knowledge of the physical world in order to understand their flexibility, rigidity, synthetic nature, or life.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| == Space == | |||
| The use of space and room in a piece of art. '''Positive space''' is the space taken up by objects (surface). '''Negative space''' is the distance between objects (whitespace). | |||
| Nothing exists without it. Space can be thought of as the distance or area around, between, above, below or within places. In art, space can be described as either two dimensional or three dimensional. | |||
| The space in two dimensional artworks such as paintings, drawings, prints and photographs (flat space) is essentially limited to height and width. While there is no actual depth or distance in such works, artists have created techniques to create the illusion of depth or distance on these flat surfaces. The following represents some of those techniques: | |||
| a. The most prominent of these techniques is the application of linear perspective. Through this application distant objects are rendered proportionately smaller than closer ones. The determining factors of this space depends upon the horizon line and vanishing points. | |||
| Another of the more prominent techniques is known as atmospheric perspective. This application renders distant objects and spaces with less detail and intensity than closer objects. For example, the use of bluer colors for distant shapes can suggest space between the viewer and the shapes. | |||
| b. The placement of objects can give the illusion of space. Distant shapes are higher and closer shapes are lower in the picture plane. | |||
| c. Overlapping of objects on the picture plane can suggest space. | |||
| Through the rendering of these techniques, the artist appears to destroy the flatness of the picture plane, transporting the viewer into what appears to be a world of actual space. | |||
| Three dimensional space is recognized as having height, width, depth, and is referred to as actual space. This would include sculpture, furniture, architecture, ceramics and jewelry. In the setting of a three dimensional work of art the viewer can freely move around and (in the case of architecture) through it. Three dimensional art may use both positive and negative space as a means of revealing content and meaning. For example, in sculpture the spaces in and around the form can be described as negative space. Whereas the form itself may be described as occupying a positive space. Another way to consider distinctions of positive and negative space can be equated as the presence of physical material = positive; or in the absence of it = negative. The consideration of how the artist uses both positive and negative space in the articulation of their expression is an important factor. | |||
| == Value == | |||
| Sometimes combined with color, value describes the lightness ] or darkness ] of a color. | |||
| Value is often the single most important element in paintings and drawings and allows the perception of forms. In other words, it is value and the changing values in pictures that cause the perception of not just shapes, but implied three-dimensional forms. | |||
| == Shape == | == Shape == | ||
| A ] is a ] design encased by lines to signify its height and width structure, and can have different values of color used within it to make it appear ].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-shape-in-art-182463|title=How Would You Define "Shape"?|last=Esaak|first=Shelley|website=ThoughtCo|language=en|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> In animation, shapes are used to give a character a distinct personality and features, with the animator manipulating the shapes to provide new life.<ref name=":0" /> There are different types of shapes an artist can use and fall under either geometrical shapes, defined by mathematics, or organic shapes, created by an artist.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Simplistic, geometrical shapes include circles, triangles and squares, and provide a symbolic and synthetic feeling, whereas acute angled shapes with sharp points are perceived as dangerous shapes.<ref name=":0" /> Rectilinear shapes are viewed as dependable and more structurally sound, while curvilinear shapes are chaotic and adaptable.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| The two-dimensional representation of an object or idea as a collection of dots and lines. Shapes can be geometric, organic, or free-form. | |||
| ⚫ | == Form == | ||
| {{see also|Form (architecture)}} | |||
| ] is a three-dimensional object with ] of height, width and depth.<ref name=":1" /> These objects include cubes, spheres and cylinders.<ref name=":1" /> Form is often used when referring to physical works of art, like sculptures, as form is connected most closely with those three-dimensional works.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-form-in-art-182437|title=The Definition of Form in Art|last=Marder|first=Lisa Marder our editorial process Lisa|website=ThoughtCo|language=en|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | == Color == | ||
| ] is an element consisting of hues, of which there are three properties: hue, chroma or intensity, and value.<ref name=":2" /> Color is present when light strikes an object and is reflected back into the eye, a reaction to a hue arising in the optic nerve.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-color-in-art-182429|title=How Is Color Defined in Art?|last=Esaak|first=Shelley|website=ThoughtCo|language=en|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> The first of the properties is ], which is the distinguishable color, like red, blue or yellow.<ref name=":6"/> The next property is value, meaning the lightness or darkness of the hue.<ref name=":6"/> The last is chroma or intensity, distinguishing between strong and weak colors.<ref name=":6"/> A visual representation of chromatic scale is observable through the color wheel that uses the ]s.<ref name=":2" /> Color is divided into various classes, primary color, secondary color, complimentary color, tertiary color, analogous color and neutral color. Primary colors are fundamental colors and can't be achieved by mixture of other colors (they are not mixable) and they are red, yellow and blue. Secondary colors are colors produced when two primary colors (of equal rate) are mixed together. | |||
| == Space (positive and negative space) == | |||
| ⚫ | == Line == | ||
| {{further|Negative space}} | |||
| It is said lines do not exist in nature; what appears to be a line is only a difference in color. | |||
| In art there are many types of lines: | |||
| # '''Actual line''': The form of line drawn by pen, pencil, or other implement. It may be straight or curved. | |||
| # ''' Contour line''': an outline that defines the shape of an object as well as the internal lines that define the form of an object | |||
| # '''Implied line''': Not a proper line, but an aid that pushes the eye along the artwork, a suggested line. | |||
| # '''Psychic line''': This form of line has no physical value; it is a psychologically created line (e.g., when pointing to something, the eye travels from the hand to that object as if on a line. | |||
| ] refers to the ] (distance between and around) and proportion (size) between shapes and objects and how their relationship with the foreground or background is perceived.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6"/> There are different types of spaces an artist can achieve for different effect. Positive space refers to the areas of the work with a subject, while negative space is the space without a subject.<ref name=":6" /> Open and closed space coincides with three-dimensional art, like sculptures, where open spaces are empty, and closed spaces contain physical sculptural elements.<ref name=":6" /> | |||
| ⚫ | == Form == | ||
| Form is the three-dimensional counterpart to shape. There are two types of form: Illusionary form is created through the use of concepts such as perspective in order to show form on a two-dimensional work, whereas real form is the form seen in sculpture and other three-dimensional art. | |||
| ==Texture== | ==Texture== | ||
| Texture is used to describe the surface quality of the work, referencing the types of lines the artist created.<ref name=":0" /> The surface quality can either be tactile (real) or strictly visual (implied).<ref name=":2" /> Tactile surface quality is mainly seen through three-dimensional works, like sculptures, as the viewer can see and/or feel the different textures present, while visual surface quality describes how the eye perceives the texture based on visual cues.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-texture-in-art-182468|title=Here's how artists use texture and why it's so important in art|last=Esaak|first=Shelley|website=ThoughtCo|language=en|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> | |||
| Texture can be either real or perceived. Tactile texture is how an artwork actually feels, while implied texture is how an artwork appears to feel. Sometimes tone can create texture. | |||
| == |
== Value == | ||
| ] | |||
| Colors in art are used in several ways. | |||
| Value refers to the degree of perceivable lightness of tones within an image.<ref name=":1" /> The element of value is compatible with the term ], and can be "measured in various units designating ]".<ref name=":6" /> The difference in values is often called ], and references the lightest (white) and darkest (black) tones of a work of art, with an infinite number of grey variants in between.<ref name=":6" /> While it is most relative to the greyscale, though, it is also exemplified within colored images.<ref name=":2" /> | |||
| <ref></ref> | |||
| == Mark making == | |||
| ; Primary colors | |||
| Mark making is the interaction between the artist and the materials they are using.<ref name=":0" /> It provides the viewer of the work with an image of what the artist had done to create the mark, reliving what the artist had done at the time.<ref name=":0" /> Materiality is the choice of materials used and how it impacts the work of art and how the viewer perceives it.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| The primary colors are ], ] and ], and are used to create secondary and intermediate colors. | |||
| ⚫ | == See also == | ||
| ; Secondary colors | |||
| Secondary colors are made by mixing two primary colors together. The secondary colors are: | |||
| # ] - made by mixing ] and ] | |||
| # ] - made by mixing ] and ] | |||
| # ] - made by mixing ] and ] | |||
| ⚫ | * ] | ||
| ; Intermediate or Tertiary colors | |||
| * ] | |||
| Tertiary colors are made by mixing a secondary and a primary color together. Some examples are ] and ]. | |||
| ⚫ | == References == | ||
| ; Warm, Cool and Neutral colors | |||
| Warm colors are the different shades of ], ] and ], and are called so because they convey the feeling of warmth. | |||
| Cool colors are shades of ], ] and ], conveying a feeling of coolness and quiet. | |||
| Neutral colors are also called the earth tones, and are the colors of ], ] and ]. At times ], ] and ] are also considered as neutral colors. These colors can be made by either mixing the complimentary colors, all of the primaries, or mixing black and white. | |||
| ; Complementary colors | |||
| Complementary colors are colors that are on the opposite sides on the ]. They contrast each other and make each other appear brighter, adding energy to an artwork. The complementary colors are: | |||
| # ] and ] | |||
| # ] and ] | |||
| # ] and ] | |||
| ⚫ | ==See also== | ||
| *] | |||
| ⚫ | *] | ||
| ⚫ | ==References== | ||
| {{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
| {{Art world}} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Elements Of Art}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:38, 24 December 2024
Stylistic features that are included within an art pieceElements of art are stylistic features that are included within an art piece to help the artist communicate. The seven most common elements include line, shape, texture, form, space, color and value, with the additions of mark making, and materiality. When analyzing these intentionally utilized elements, the viewer is guided towards a deeper understanding of the work.
Line
Lines are marks moving in a space between two points whereby a viewer can visualize the stroke movement, direction, and intention based on how the line is oriented. Lines describe an outline, capable of producing texture according to their length and curve. There are different types of lines artists may use, including, actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal and contour lines, which all have different functions. Lines are also situational elements, requiring the viewer to have knowledge of the physical world in order to understand their flexibility, rigidity, synthetic nature, or life.
Shape
A shape is a two-dimensional design encased by lines to signify its height and width structure, and can have different values of color used within it to make it appear three-dimensional. In animation, shapes are used to give a character a distinct personality and features, with the animator manipulating the shapes to provide new life. There are different types of shapes an artist can use and fall under either geometrical shapes, defined by mathematics, or organic shapes, created by an artist. Simplistic, geometrical shapes include circles, triangles and squares, and provide a symbolic and synthetic feeling, whereas acute angled shapes with sharp points are perceived as dangerous shapes. Rectilinear shapes are viewed as dependable and more structurally sound, while curvilinear shapes are chaotic and adaptable.
Form
See also: Form (architecture)Form is a three-dimensional object with volume of height, width and depth. These objects include cubes, spheres and cylinders. Form is often used when referring to physical works of art, like sculptures, as form is connected most closely with those three-dimensional works.
Color
Color is an element consisting of hues, of which there are three properties: hue, chroma or intensity, and value. Color is present when light strikes an object and is reflected back into the eye, a reaction to a hue arising in the optic nerve. The first of the properties is hue, which is the distinguishable color, like red, blue or yellow. The next property is value, meaning the lightness or darkness of the hue. The last is chroma or intensity, distinguishing between strong and weak colors. A visual representation of chromatic scale is observable through the color wheel that uses the primary colors. Color is divided into various classes, primary color, secondary color, complimentary color, tertiary color, analogous color and neutral color. Primary colors are fundamental colors and can't be achieved by mixture of other colors (they are not mixable) and they are red, yellow and blue. Secondary colors are colors produced when two primary colors (of equal rate) are mixed together.
Space (positive and negative space)
Further information: Negative spaceSpace refers to the perspective (distance between and around) and proportion (size) between shapes and objects and how their relationship with the foreground or background is perceived. There are different types of spaces an artist can achieve for different effect. Positive space refers to the areas of the work with a subject, while negative space is the space without a subject. Open and closed space coincides with three-dimensional art, like sculptures, where open spaces are empty, and closed spaces contain physical sculptural elements.
Texture
Texture is used to describe the surface quality of the work, referencing the types of lines the artist created. The surface quality can either be tactile (real) or strictly visual (implied). Tactile surface quality is mainly seen through three-dimensional works, like sculptures, as the viewer can see and/or feel the different textures present, while visual surface quality describes how the eye perceives the texture based on visual cues.
Value
Value refers to the degree of perceivable lightness of tones within an image. The element of value is compatible with the term luminosity, and can be "measured in various units designating electromagnetic radiation". The difference in values is often called contrast, and references the lightest (white) and darkest (black) tones of a work of art, with an infinite number of grey variants in between. While it is most relative to the greyscale, though, it is also exemplified within colored images.
Mark making
Mark making is the interaction between the artist and the materials they are using. It provides the viewer of the work with an image of what the artist had done to create the mark, reliving what the artist had done at the time. Materiality is the choice of materials used and how it impacts the work of art and how the viewer perceives it.
See also
References
- ^ Roxo, Justin. "Elements of Art: Interpreting Meaning Through the Language of Visual Cues". ProQuest 2130125923.
- ^ "Vocabulary: Elements of Art, Principles of Art" (PDF).
- ^ "Visual Arts: Elements and Principles of Design". www.incredibleart.org. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
- ^ Esaak, Shelley. "How Would You Define "Shape"?". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
- Marder, Lisa Marder our editorial process Lisa. "The Definition of Form in Art". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
- ^ Esaak, Shelley. "How Is Color Defined in Art?". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
- Esaak, Shelley. "Here's how artists use texture and why it's so important in art". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2020-03-29.