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Revision as of 23:44, 21 December 2008 editMarcGarver (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers38,354 edits add details on home and finding of forceps. Move citations inline. Detag for citations.← Previous edit Latest revision as of 15:03, 31 October 2024 edit undoJohnpacklambert (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers600,918 editsNo edit summaryTags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit 
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'''Peter Chamberlen''' was the name of two brothers, the sons of William Chamberlen (about 1540 - 1596), a ] ] who fled from Paris to England in 1576. They are famous for inventing the modern use of obstetrical ]. It remained a family ] for over a century. '''Peter Chamberlen''' (or '''Pierre''') (1572–1626) was the younger of two brothers with the same first name, both the sons of Guillaume (William) Chamberlen (c. 1540 – 1596), a ] ] who fled from Paris to England in 1569.

The Chamberlens are famous for inventing the modern use of ]. It remained a family secret for nearly two centuries and through four generations of accoucheur. The scanty evidence for the early use of the forceps only suggests, however, that ], in the next generation, may have had it.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=58754|first=Helen|last=King|title=Chamberlen family}}</ref>

==Peter the Elder== ==Peter the Elder==
⚫ {{main|Peter Chamberlen the elder}}
'''Peter the Elder''' lived from 1560 to 1631 and became a surgeon and obstetrician to Queen Anne (]) in ]. One source states that he had no children <ref>{{cite web|url=http://fn.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/81/3/F232|title=History of the Chamberlen family by Peter M.Dunn|accessdate=21 December 2008}}</ref> but other sources suggest he had at least three including Hester, the wife of Thomas Cargill of ] and several grandchildren. All were mentioned in his will, proved in 1631.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}


==Peter the Younger== ==Peter the Younger==
'''Peter the Younger''' lived from 1572 to 1626 and also worked as surgeon and obstetrician. He married Sara de Laune, the daughter of a Huguenot, who lived in London. They had eight children, among them '''Dr. Peter Chamberlen''', an obstetrician who carried on the secret use of the forceps. He lived in ] in ], ]. Peter the Younger lived from 1572 to 1626 and worked as surgeon and obstetrician. He married Sara Delaune, the daughter of William Delaune, a Huguenot refugee physician and minister, and the sister of ], apothecary. They had eight children, among them Dr. Peter Chamberlen (1601–1683) (see below).


Peter the Elder is believed to be the inventor of the forceps. The brothers went to great length to keep the secret. When they arrived at the home of a woman in labour, two people had to carry a massive box with gilded carvings into the house. The pregnant patient was blindfolded so as not to reveal the secret, all the others had to leave the room. Then the operator went to work. The people outside heard screams, bells, and other strange noises until the cry of the baby indicated another successful delivery. Peter the Elder is believed to be the inventor of the forceps. The brothers went to great length to keep the secret. When they arrived at the home of a woman in labour, two people had to carry a massive box with gilded carvings into the house. The pregnant patient was blindfolded so as not to reveal the secret, while all others had to leave the room. Then the operator went to work. The people outside heard screams, bells, and other strange noises until the cry of the baby indicated a successful delivery.


]
The secret was kept in the family for another three generations.
The two families lived in London, Peter the Elder in the parish of St. Dionys Backchurch, and Peter the Younger in the Liberty of Blackfriars, where the church of ] had Huguenots in the congregation. As they became wealthy and established in English life, Peter the Elder acquired property in at ], where Peter the Younger died, Croydon, Keston and Farnborough. All of it passed to his grandson, Thomas Cargill.


==Peter the Third==
The family home, Woodham Mortimer Hall, a 17<sup>th</sup> century gabled house, has a ] fixed to the hall noting them as pioneering ]. The hall passed out of the Chamberlen family in 1715 when the family home was sold. The forceps were found in 1813 under a trap door in the ] of the hall and given to the Medical and Chirurgical Society which passed them to the ] in 1818.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Christie | first = Damian | title = The Surgeon returns to Melbourne; Chamberlen’s forceps find a home at the College | journal = O&G | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 246-247 | publisher = The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists | location = Victoria, Australia | date = September 2004 | url = http://www.ranzcog.edu.au/publications/o-g_pdfs/O&G-September-2004/OG-Sept-2004.pdf | accessdate = 2008-11-16}}</ref>
⚫ {{main|Peter Chamberlen the third}}

Born in 1601, he was the eldest son of Peter the younger, and became a physician. He died in 1683.
==Later Chamberlens==
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*'''Dr. Peter Chamberlen''', also '''Peter the Third''', born in ] as a son of Peter the Younger, had a good medical education and continued the tradition. He attended the birth of the future King ] by Queen ]. His attempt to create a Corporation of Midwives was opposed by the College of Physicians. He died in ].

*His eldest son, '''Hugh the elder Chamberlen''' (]-?]), also practiced obstetrics using the secret forceps. In 1670, he travelled to France and tried to sell the secret to the French government. ] gave him a test,- to deliver a 38 year old dwarf with a grossly malformed pelvis who was in obstructed labor. He failed in this impossible task and returned to England. Hugh Chamberlen later went to the ] and sold his secret to ]. The secret was sold further by the Medico-Pharmaceutical College of ] to selected physicians. After a couple of years somebody made the secret public, but only one blade of the forceps had been revealed. Hugh the Elder eventually moved to ]. There, in ], he published a book advocating ].

*His son, ''' Hugh the younger Chamberlen''' (]-]), was the last in the Chamberlen family to practice the secret use of the forceps. Toward the end of his life the design and use of the instrument entered the ]. The first illustration of the forceps was published by Edward Hody in ].


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}
*Williams Obstetrics, 14th edition. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, NY, 1971, pages 1116-8. *Williams Obstetrics, 14th edition. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, NY, 1971, pages 1116–8.

==External links==
*

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Latest revision as of 15:03, 31 October 2024

Obstetrical Forceps, by Smellie (1792)

Peter Chamberlen (or Pierre) (1572–1626) was the younger of two brothers with the same first name, both the sons of Guillaume (William) Chamberlen (c. 1540 – 1596), a Huguenot surgeon who fled from Paris to England in 1569.

The Chamberlens are famous for inventing the modern use of obstetrical forceps. It remained a family secret for nearly two centuries and through four generations of accoucheur. The scanty evidence for the early use of the forceps only suggests, however, that Peter Chamberlen the third, in the next generation, may have had it.

Peter the Elder

Main article: Peter Chamberlen the elder

Peter the Younger

Peter the Younger lived from 1572 to 1626 and worked as surgeon and obstetrician. He married Sara Delaune, the daughter of William Delaune, a Huguenot refugee physician and minister, and the sister of Gideon Delaune, apothecary. They had eight children, among them Dr. Peter Chamberlen (1601–1683) (see below).

Peter the Elder is believed to be the inventor of the forceps. The brothers went to great length to keep the secret. When they arrived at the home of a woman in labour, two people had to carry a massive box with gilded carvings into the house. The pregnant patient was blindfolded so as not to reveal the secret, while all others had to leave the room. Then the operator went to work. The people outside heard screams, bells, and other strange noises until the cry of the baby indicated a successful delivery.

Woodham Mortimer Hall, home of the Chamberlen family

The two families lived in London, Peter the Elder in the parish of St. Dionys Backchurch, and Peter the Younger in the Liberty of Blackfriars, where the church of St Ann Blackfriars had Huguenots in the congregation. As they became wealthy and established in English life, Peter the Elder acquired property in at Downe, Kent, where Peter the Younger died, Croydon, Keston and Farnborough. All of it passed to his grandson, Thomas Cargill.

Peter the Third

Main article: Peter Chamberlen the third

Born in 1601, he was the eldest son of Peter the younger, and became a physician. He died in 1683.

P. Chamberlen. Line engraving by T. Trotter, 1794 (incorrect name Paul)

References

  1. King, Helen. "Chamberlen family". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/58754. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  • Williams Obstetrics, 14th edition. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, NY, 1971, pages 1116–8.

External links

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